University of Szczecin

<ns3:p>The paper reveals how Misak Universidad and the Universidad Autónoma Indígena Intercultural in the Cauca region of Colombia embody the concept of pluriversity and assiociated with it emancipatory, critical, popular and indigenious pedagogies. To reveal this issue, an interpretive paradigm was employed—literature analysis combined with analysis of narrative interviews. The results of the research point to a topics previously unaddressed in Polish scholarly literature.</ns3:p>

Celem badawczym artykułu jest analiza prawnych uwarunkowań funkcjonowania obywatelskich społeczności energetycznych w Polsce w kontekście dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2019/944 z dnia 5 czerwca 2019 r. w sprawie wspólnych zasad rynku wewnętrznego energii elektrycznej oraz zmieniającą dyrektywę 2012/27/UE, w zakresie obligującym państwa członkowskie do stworzenia nowego podmiotu jakim jest obywatelska społeczność energetyczna oraz na tej podstawie wskazania barier prawnych ograniczających rozwój OSE. Badania przeprowadzono przy użyciu metod dogmatycznoprawnej i prawnoporównawczej. Punkt wyjścia stanowiło ustalenie statusu oraz przedmiotu działalności obywatelskich społeczności energetycznych. De lege lata ustalono, że przyjęte przez polskiego ustawodawcę rozwiązania w zakresie możliwości wyboru formy organizacyjnej funkcjonowania obywatelskiej społeczności energetycznej oparte są o wymienione w dyrektywie 2019/944 przykłady, z zastrzeżeniem spełnienia przez nie określonych wymogów. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy de lege lata stwierdzono również, że rozwiązania wprowadzone do ustawy Prawo energetyczne realizują zasadnicze cele postawione państwom członkowskim w dyrektywie 2019/944, jednakże nadal występują bariery prawne zniechęcające do tworzenia obywatelskich społeczności energetycznych. Pomimo istniejących rozwiązań prawnych, w Polsce wedle wykazu prowadzonego przez Prezesa Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki funkcjonuje tylko jedna obywatelska społeczność energetyczna, działająca w formie stowarzyszenia. Stąd też wskazane zostały postulaty de lege ferenda mające pomóc w usunięciu dostrzeżonych barier prawnych ograniczających rozwój OSE.

Following cessation of rifting, the continental margin basins of the East and South China sea entered a post-rift stage, during which basement subsidence has traditionally been attributed to lithospheric cooling and thermal contraction. However, quantitative analyses from multiple sub-basins indicate that rapid or accelerated subsidence persisted into the post-rift period and locally exceeds predictions of classical thermal subsidence models. This is anomalous subsidence compared to simple rift models. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of post-rift subsidence histories in several representative basins in the East and South China seas. Regional porosity-depth relationships were established based on drilling data or generic models, and backstripping analyses were performed to reconstruct tectonic subsidence histories after accounting for sediment loading. Thermal subsidence and stretching factors were further calculated and compared with theoretical extensional subsidence models. Our results show that pronounced anomalous subsidence has developed since ~5.3 Ma in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea, since ~5 Ma in the Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin, since ~2–5.3 Ma in the Qiongdongnan Basin, and since ~18 Ma in the Zhu III Depression and Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Although these accelerated subsidence events all occurred during the post-rift stage, they exhibit marked differences in timing and persistence between basins. The mismatch between observed subsidence and model-predictions suggests that post-rift subsidence cannot be explained solely by lithospheric cooling, but is likely influenced by additional processes such as deep-seated mantle up or downwelling, tectonic reactivation, or mid and lower crustal flow driven by sedimentary loading. These findings highlight the stage-dependent and diachronous nature of post-rift anomalous subsidence in the East and South China sea marginal basins and provide new quantitative constraints on post-rift basin dynamics and sedimentary responses.

Climate change is driving increased fire weather across the world: hot, dry and windy conditions lead to higher danger of fire ignition and spread and make fire suppression more difficult. With further warming, fire weather is projected to increase across the world. This means today’s children and young people will be exposed to ever more fire weather during their lifetimes. In this study, we analyze projections of extreme fire weather over Portugal and Europe from an ensemble of CMIP6 global climate model simulations previously bias-adjusted and downscaled to a 0.1º spatial resolution using ERA5-Land. We define extreme fire weather as days that exceed the 95th percentile of local fire weather index (FWI) values calculated from a 1985-2014 reference period. We then apply a lifetime exposure methodology at national and sub-national (NUTS3) spatial scales, using spatially explicit data on population density and life expectancy to estimate the exposure of different generations to extreme fire weather under different warming pathways. We use a GMT-based remapping technique and a multi-model ensemble approach to emulate fire weather projections under policy-relevant warming pathways ranging from 1.5ºC to 3.5ºC of warming in 2100. We find that young people will be disproportionately exposed to extreme fire weather compared to older generations across all warming pathways, while also standing to benefit most from ambitious mitigation. In Portugal, lifetime exposure to extreme fire weather among the youngest cohorts is twice that of their counterparts born in 1950 under current policy projections but is substantially reduced under a 1.5 °C pathway. Similar intergenerational gradients emerge across Europe, with spatial heterogeneity at the national and sub-national level, and the greatest increases in exposure in Mediterranean and Southern Europe and parts of Eastern Europe. When using absolute fire danger thresholds (38 ≤FWI

Marine shells are commonly used for determination and correction of marine reservoir effect (MRE); however, their susceptibility to surface contamination makes sample treatment a critical step in obtaining reliable ¹⁴C results.In this study, marine shells collected from living specimens of common cockle (Cerastoderma glaucum) from the Baltic Sea, were investigated as modern reference material for a ¹⁴C-based assessment of the marine reservoir effect. A series of preparation protocols was applied to evaluate the influence of different cleaning and CO2 extraction methods on radiocarbon measurements.In the first stage, shell cleaning involved mechanical surface cleaning, ultrasonic bath treatment, and rinsing in hydrochloric acid (HCl). The aim of these procedures was to remove potential contaminants and algal material from the shell surface.In the subsequent stage, carbon dioxide (CO2) was extracted from shell carbonate using different analytical approaches. These methods included dissolution of whole shells in orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) under vacuum conditions, with sequential collection of CO2 fractions after 15 and 30 minutes of dissolution, as well as a final fraction obtained after complete dissolution of the material. In addition, CO2 was extracted from crushed shell material, by dissolution in orthophosphoric acid carried out in the presence of helium (He) atmosphere. Alongside the shell carbonate samples, algal material collected from the shell surfaces was also measured for radiocarbon content, to assess potential differences between coexisting carbon reservoirs. The comparison of preparation and extraction methods provides insight into methodological factors affecting radiocarbon measurements of modern marine shells and contributes to improving the reliability of MRE determination in the Baltic Sea.The participation of DJM, AM and NP in the EGU 2026 General Assembly was funded by the project EU funds FSD - 10.25 Development of higher education focused on the needs of the green economy European Funds for Silesia 2021-2027: The modern methods of the monitoring of the level and isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 (project no. FESL.10.25-IZ.01-06C9/23-00).

Introduction Caloneis egena is a species of diatom originally described from Campeche Bay (Mexico) that is regarded as cosmopolitan, with several reports from the Pacific region. Methods A strain of diatom from the genus Caloneis was isolated from the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi (Indonesia). It was subjected to an integrated approach combining microscopy, genomic analyses, and phylogeny. Results Although looking similar to C. egena , the strain from Tomini was found to be a new species, hereby described as Caloneis paraegena sp. nov. The complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes were sequenced and annotated and represent the first organellar genomes made available for the genus Caloneis . The multigene phylogeny inferred from these results positions C. paraegena as sister to a clade that associates Caloneis fontinalis , C. silicula , and C. lewisii . Discussion A survey of the literature dedicated to C. egena led to questioning its distribution, suggesting that records from the Pacific region might, in fact, represent C. paraegena based on morphology. Because of the absence of a molecular reference for C. egena , the exact relationship between these two species remains to be verified.

The subject of the commentary is the Supreme Court’s judgment of 8 November 2024 concerning the representation of a limited liability company in a contract concluded with a civil law partnership, one of whose partners is a member of the management board of that limited liability company. The commentary is approving. The author agrees with the Supreme Court’s position, according to which a limited liability company should be represented in such situations by the supervisory board or an attorney appointed under a resolution of shareholders’ meeting in order to avoid a potential conflict of interest and circumvention of the regulation of Article 210 § 1 of the Commercial Companies Code through the use of a civil law partnership structure. The linguistic and functional interpretation of the provision in question confirms the need to protect the interests of the company, its creditors and its shareholders by excluding members of the management board from representation in such contracts. The commentary elaborates on the arguments presented by the Supreme Court. It was also clarified that the provision of Article 210 § 1 of the Commercial Companies Code should be applied only when the other party to the contract is a civil law partnership in which a member of the management board participates, and not – as could be inferred from the thesis of the judgment – only the partners of a given member of the management board, excluding that member of the management board.