Ural Federal University

To mitigate climate change, policy measures should not only be effective but also politically viable. Views of citizens are vital in this regard as they underlie voting outcomes and subsequent political decisions. The present study presents results from a public survey conducted in 13 EU countries about public support for climate policy measures. This involves analyzing 1266 open textual responses and identifying thirteen main topics. We compare the prevalence of topics between EU countries and assess how topics relate to average support for climate policy and opinions on economic growth. More prevalent topics relate to sector-specific strategies, such as aimed at waste and transport, which are relatively popular among female respondents. Only about 25% of responses mention concrete policy instruments, such as direct regulation or carbon pricing. This may indicate inadequate awareness of policy details among European citizens and contribute to limited public support for climate policy in general. Surprisingly, people claiming to have a good understanding of climate policy suggest a vague strategy like reducing consumption instead of concrete policy measures. Opponents of climate policy are found especially in Eastern European countries. Our findings point at the need for more information provision to citizens about policy details and effectiveness.

Plants are intimately associated with diverse bacterial communities inhabiting distinct ecological niches, namely the rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere, all of which contribute to plant health and development. Among these microorganisms, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) play a pivotal role in enhancing plant growth, resilience, and productivity, particularly under abiotic stress conditions. These bacteria are increasingly being used in sustainable agriculture and phytoremediation strategies because of their ability to modulate plant physiology and improve stress tolerance. PGPB must successfully colonize and persist in plant-associated environments such as the rhizosphere, where they initiate interactions with plant roots before migrating to internal root tissues (endosphere) or aerial plant parts (phyllosphere), where they exert their effects through a variety of mechanisms. This review systematically examines the diversity, ecological distribution, and functional traits of PGPB that associate with the plant rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere, with a focus on their modes of action, which include phytohormone modulation, nutrient solubilization, and stress alleviation. The current review reveals that the rhizosphere and endosphere have a higher abundance and diversity of beneficial bacterial taxa than the phyllosphere, with genera such as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. being particularly common. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the bacterial community and its interactions with plants, focusing on the various microbial types and their roles in the rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere. This is critical for a better understanding of plant–microbe interactions and choosing the right bacterial taxa and genera to promote plant growth and productivity in the face of environmental stresses and challenges.

The development of a system of medical and social support for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pressing social problem. The country is seeing an increase in the number of children with ASD, which is explained, among other things, by modern diagnostic capabilities and the development of the non-profit sector. The purpose of the study was to examine issues of interdepartmental interaction in the system of comprehensive assistance to children with ASD. Data from programs to help children with ASD in various Russian regions were analyzed, expert interviews (N=16) were conducted with managers and employees of NGOs and focus groups with parents of children with ASD were held. The data obtained made it possible to identify the main problems and current forms of interaction between NGOs and other organizations in the system of medical and social assistance to children with ASD.

Abstract Once nearly eradicated from Europe, grey wolves ( Canis lupus ) have recently undergone a remarkable demographic recovery, but their long-term survival remains precarious. By analyzing 1,001 genomes, we uncover a mosaic of distinct evolutionary lineages, not a single recovering population. Northern populations exhibit Asian wolf ancestry, while southern populations preserve ancient Holocene lineages, with dog introgression varying by region. Isolated wolves from the Scandinavian, Italian, and Iberian peninsulas harbored particularly high levels of inbreeding and fixed deleterious mutations. Signatures of genome erosion were widespread across Europe, with many populations falling well short of the minimum size recommended for long-term survival. Our study reveals the complex tapestry of wolf ancestry and variation across Europe, which calls for nuanced, regional conservation plans founded in genetic monitoring.

Phenazines are known to possess a wide range of biological activities and new methods for their synthesis are of high demand. Herein, a mechanochemical approach was proposed for the synthesis of benzo[a]phenazin-5-ols by the SNH/SNipso tandem reaction between 1,4-naphthoquinone and o-phenylenediamines and their halo-disubstituted derivatives under ball-milling conditions. The advantages of the method are high atom economy, short reaction time, room temperature and solvent-free conditions, low E-factor and high yields of the target phenazines.