Urban Land Institute

• Moss-based green roofs lower maximum indoor temperatures by 2.0–3.5 °C during heatwaves. • Rooftop surface temperatures are reduced by ∼19 °C during peak heat conditions. • Racomitrium japonicum proved viable under full-sun exposure, with supplemental shading offering no thermal advantage. • Field-verified, lightweight (∼4.6 kg/m 2 ) moss roofs are a scalable retrofit solution for urban climate adaptation. To address the persistent lab-reality gap in green roof research, this study empirically evaluated the thermal performance and field viability of a moss-based green roof system installed on an occupied, aging elementary school building in Seoul. Moss panels using Racomitrium japonicum were deployed in two configurations—moss alone (M) and moss with a 95 % shade cloth (M + S)—and compared to a conventional bare concrete roof (control). Under real summer heatwave conditions, the moss roofs reduced maximum indoor temperatures by 2.0–3.5 °C and roof-surface temperatures by approximately 19 °C. These cooling effects were consistently observed both with and without air-conditioning, suggesting potential for reducing building cooling loads. No statistically significant thermal advantage was observed from the shade cloth (p = 0.7152), suggesting that R. japonicum is viable without supplemental shading. Field observations identified bird-induced moss disturbance as a practical implementation issue, which was effectively mitigated using protective mesh. The system’s minimal substrate requirement (2–3 cm) and lightweight profile (∼4.6 kg/m 2 ) establish moss-based green roofs as a scalable, low-impact retrofit strategy for heat mitigation and climate adaptation in dense urban settings. Overall, the findings provide field-based empirical evidence that moss-based green roofs can contribute to mitigating heatwave impacts and enhancing building-level energy efficiency.

ABSTRACT The risk of death and disability for people after being struck by a car is unevenly distributed geographically and socially. This paper uses Emergency Medical Services records in Boston, Massachusetts, to analyze the characteristics of the locations where vehicles struck pedestrians and cyclists – and the characteristics of the neighborhoods where those individuals live. An individual’s risk of encountering this sort of traffic risk, which we term mobility risk, is disproportionately higher among residents of neighborhoods with large shares of Black and Latino residents because of their disproportionate exposure to crashes both within and also outside of their home neighborhoods. Overall, residents of predominantly Black and Latino neighborhoods are about four times more likely than residents of predominantly white neighborhoods to be struck as a pedestrian; this disparity in crash exposure is almost 1.5 times larger than one would expect based on crash location alone. For residents of largely Black and Latino neighborhoods, being struck by a car is a common yet consequential phenomenon that reproduces health inequity.

This study analyzes the phenomenon of drought changes in urban areas due to changes in the land components, focusing on Gwacheon City. A SWAT model was constructed, and changes in groundwater recharge and runoff were calculated for drought assessment. The parameters that reflect changes in land components, including the runoff coefficient (Curve Number), soil moisture content (SOL_AWC), soil conductivity (SOL_K), upper roughness coefficient (OV_N), and storage coefficient (CANMX), and affect groundwater recharge, were selected. Changing all five parameters showed that groundwater recharge increased by approximately 3.37% compared with the current level, demonstrating the effect of drought alleviation. Further, when applied to both traffic and residential areas, which are impervious urban areas, the groundwater recharge increased by approximately 10.46%.

ABSTRACT On November 14th, 2022, a group of Black community leaders from the Saint Louis, Missouri, area met to discuss their experiences with the serious issues surrounding urban schools in their communities. Although this discussion is specific to a particular time and place, the concerns expressed, and solutions, offered are transferrable to many other communities in the United States. Dr. Adrienne Dixson moderated the discussion. This article is a verbatim transcription of their discussion with minor edits to facilitate ease of readability. The voices of the participants have been preserved. (Adrienne Dixson = AD; Dionne Ferguson = DF; Jacquelyn Lewis-Harris = JLH; Art McCoy = AMC; Cynthia Chapple = CC; Aaron Williams = AW).

Research on the relationship between the growth of Foreign Direct Investment and unemployment rate in 2009 to 2020 aims to determine the effect of Foreign Direct Investment on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. The data used in this research is secondary data. The method used is descriptive method. The conclusion of this study explains that Foreign Direct Investment has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate in Indonesia.

Abstract An eco‐friendly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–chitosan(CS)–NH 4 Br catalyst was prepared using a modified solution method. Although the amounts of PVA and CS were fixed, the amount of NH 4 Br was varied in the range 15–45 wt.%. The catalytic performance of PVA–CS–NH 4 Br was compared based on the carbonation performance in the presence of single‐component catalysts (PVA, CS, and NH 4 Br) and dual component catalyst (PVA–CS). The catalytic activity of PVA–CS was inadequate and considerably less than that observed when either PVA or CS was exclusively loaded. The number of functional groups within the PVA–CS structure was presumed to have been reduced due to the interactions of the OH groups in PVA and CS. However, the PVA–CS–NH 4 Br catalyst distinctively exhibited its catalytic performance. It has been suggested that NH 4 Br aided in sustaining the innate functional groups that both PVA and CS have within the PVA–CS–NH 4 Br structure. These results indicate that the functional groups and nucleophiles within the PVA–CS–NH 4 Br structure more effectively participated in the carbonation of propylene oxide. Quantitatively, the addition of 30 wt.% NH 4 Br yielded the best performance. Characteristic analyses of the catalysts were performed using X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

The American Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) 2020 conference was my first one as a PhD student. As I was preparing for the conference, I had high expectations for meeting with academic leaders in the field and having in-depth conversations with colleagues studying at other schools. Also, the