Varendra University

Health is a fundamental human right and a crucial determinant of human capital formation, exerting a significant influence on economic growth and development. This study empirically examines the health production function at the national level in Bangladesh, using 50 years (1975-2024) of secondary data from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Bank. A multiple regression model is applied to identify the critical determinants of health status, with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation. Since this study uses time-series data, it applies diagnostic tests for stationarity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation before estimating the OLS model. The results reveal that literacy rate, employment rate, access to safe drinking water, availability of physicians, and per capita health expenditure are positively associated with life expectancy at birth, a measure of the health status of people at the national level. Conversely, the poverty headcount ratio demonstrates a negative relation with life expectancy. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a comprehensive policy framework to improve public health outcomes. Providing quality education, integrating health awareness campaigns, and implementing targeted healthcare subsidies are crucial steps toward improving the national health status. Given the relationship between health status and economic progress, a strategic focus on inclusive healthcare policies and equitable resource allocation is imperative for fostering sustainable development in Bangladesh.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes hepatitis B, a vaccine-preventable liver disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes toward HBV and its vaccination among students of the Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional survey, data were collected by filling out a well-structured questionnaire. SPSS (IBM version 23), chi-square (χ 2) tests, and a binary logistic regression model were used for the data analysis. A binary logistic regression model showed that a significantly lower rate of vaccination status was observed among participants from the university (44.44%) than those from college (42.11%) and high school (86.3%) [OR = 1.917, 95% CI = 0.752-17.869, p = 0.001]. A higher proportion of male students (58.88%) remained unvaccinated compared to female students (43.1%) [OR = 1.435, 95% CI = 1.253-1.873, p = 0.027]. Regarding the knowledge of HBV and its vaccination, university students had better knowledge than high school students (p > 0.05). The results of the study clearly highlight the need to increase awareness among this group of people about HBV and its vaccination to eradicate its infection from the community.

Abstract This study aims to explore the current research progress and developmental trends in the domain of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and its role in driving organizational sustainability. It further investigates how organizational, socio-cultural, and behavioral factors influence sustainability across various contexts and proposes directions for future research. The study employs a bibliometric review approach, which was conducted using R and VOSviewer software to identify key publication patterns, influential contributors, and thematic evolution. The analysis reveals a significant increase in research interest in PEB and organizational sustainability, particularly following the introduction of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The most developed themes in recent years involve employee attitudes, education, corporate social responsibility (CSR), green human resource management (GHRM), environmental commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study offers a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of how PEB-related research supports organizational sustainability. It uniquely maps the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of the field over time. Furthermore, it provides theoretical contributions and practical implications by outlining future research directions, particularly in understanding the contextual influence of socio-cultural and behavioral drivers on organizational practices.

Evaluating the impact resistance of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes is critical as it needs to adhere with numerous international standards such as ISO 3127 and EN 744. A round-the-clock method has to be employed where a specific weight is dropped from specific height onto multiple points along the pipe’s circumference. To conduct such tests specialized equipment are needed that are capable of initiating the test, collecting impact data, and transmitting it for analysis. However, the high cost of such equipment limits its accessibility, particularly for students and academic institutions. To address such issues a low-cost, moderately precise testing device is developed to capture real-time impact data. It integrates a strain gauge, a Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2040 micro-controller), and a signal amplifier. Results demonstrate that it can be a promising alternative for performing standard- compliant impact resistance tests.

This study investigates the relationship between green banking practices and financial performance in Bangladesh's commercial banking sector. Using data from eight commercial banks listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) over the period 2014–2023, the study employs the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) methodology in STATA-17. Green Finance serves as the dependent variable, while Return on Assets (ROA), Market Value of Shares (MV), Return on Equity (ROE), Operating Cost Ratio (OCR), and Bank Size are the independent variables. The findings reveal a significant correlation between green finance and financial performance, with ROE and OCR positively influencing green finance, while MV and ROA show negative correlations. The study underscores the need for proactive green banking policies to drive sustainable financial growth and recommends that financial institutions and regulators strengthen green finance initiatives to enhance economic and environmental sustainability.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04588-9.

The Constitution of Bangladesh is the solemn will of the people written at the dawn of the nation’s history as the supreme law of the land. Initially, it was a rigid yet amendable one and over the course of next four decades, the restrictions over amendment process has evolved into a hybrid mechanism of both interpretive and constructive unamendabilities. In 2011, the constructive unamendability has been replaced with new provisions petrifying an one-third of the Constitution through the Fifteenth Amendment which was not introduced in a constitutionally coherent way. The petrification has been protected through Article 7B which is popularly termed an an eternal clause owing to its self-entrenching character. This provision has recently been declared unconstitutional by the apex judiciary of Bangladesh. This paper will provide an identification of the Fifteenth Amendment as a potential instance of an undesirable constitutional dismemberment in Bangladesh.