Variation Reduction Solutions (United States)

PurposeThe Teacher–Child Interaction Training program (TCIT) is an evidence-based intervention that coaches effective strategies for managing disruptive classroom behavior (Garbacz et al., 2014). However, its widespread implementation is limited due to its costly and time-consuming model of delivery. This pilot study investigated whether the Teacher–Child Interaction Training- Group Coaching (TCIT-GC), a briefer, cost-effective adaptation of TCIT, would be effective in improving classroom climate, student behavior and professional quality of life among educators.Design/methodology/approachTCIT-GC is a remote, manualized, 8-week adaptation of TCIT. Participants included 41 educators representing both public and private K-12 schools from 11 public school districts. TCIT-GC comprised eight synchronous group sessions via Zoom, four Didactic sessions and four Consultation/Coaching sessions for trainer feedback, paired with asynchronous skill practice. This contrasted with the fully synchronous, one-on-one, in vivo coaching format of traditional TCIT. Participants practiced applying skills with students between Zoom sessions and documented the effectiveness of their acquired skills across various measures.FindingsResults of pre- and post-training comparisons showed significant improvements in reported classroom functioning, positive student behaviors, perceived effectiveness of TCIT-GC skills and significant reductions in problematic student behaviors and discipline use. Findings showed significant improvement in compassion satisfaction. No significant changes in levels of other ProQOL scales were observed.Originality/valueDisruptive student behavior takes a toll on the educational experience of misbehaving students, their classmates and educators. Results of this pilot study supported TCIT-GC as a feasible and promising behavioral health model that warrants further study.

Abstract Standard directional surveying practices are subject to numerous error sources which can cause inaccurate placement of the wellbore. This is problematic because inaccurate wellbore placement increases collision risk, reduces reservoir drainage, and impacts subsurface models. Web-based software was developed to provide rig site personnel with a simple interface to transfer survey data in real-time to survey analysts in a remote operations center. The web interface is easily accessible via standard web browsers and enables users to upload data in any format without the need to manually configure or manipulate data fields. Independent survey quality analysis by remote operating centers is the most effective way to validate directional survey accuracy and to ensure it is free from gross or large systematic errors that exceed the assumptions of the positional error model. Furthermore, by applying multi-station analysis corrections and using in-field referencing geomagnetic models, the positional uncertainty of the wellbore trajectory can be reduced by 50 percent or greater. These methods improve wellbore placement substantially at a low operational cost, thus significantly increasing the value of the wellbore.

Abstract Positional uncertainty in wellbores is caused by numerous error sources and propagates in magnitude along the measured depth of the wellbore. This can be problematic when planning or drilling closely spaced long-reach wells while still satisfying collision avoidance policies. The ellipses of uncertainty associated with surveys acquired by standard Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tools are often too large to enable adequate separation factors between wells. MWD tools are instruments mounted inside the bottom hole assembly (BHA) and use an accelerometer and magnetometer sensor package to determine the inclination and magnetic azimuth while drilling. The magnetic azimuth is used to calculate a true (geographic) azimuth by adding the declination angle from a geomagnetic reference model. The largest sources of error in standard MWD survey are inaccuracies in the global geomagnetic reference model and magnetic interference from the BHA. These error sources can be reduced significantly by using a local geomagnetic In-Field Referencing (IFR) model and by subsequently applying multi-station analysis (MSA) corrections to the raw survey measurements. IFR models are computed from locally acquired aeromagnetic measurements of the geomagnetic field. By solving LaPlace's equation, a 3D magnetic model of the local crustal magnetic anomalies is produced. This greatly improves the resolution and accuracy of the geomagnetic reference field used to determine wellbore direction. Once the geomagnetic reference field is accurately specified by IFR, magnetic interference from the drill string can be identified and removed through MSA correction. Decreasing the ellipses of uncertainty of the wellbore position will reduce collision risk, improve confidence in geological modeling, and maximize reservoir recovery.

Abstract Drilling in Russia's Far East has always been associated with industry-defining ultra-extended-reach drilling. With the emergence of more powerful drilling rigs and advances in measurement- and logging-while-drilling (MWD and LWD) tools, these wellbores can be designed to reach farther. Therefore, accurately penetrating and exploiting distant reservoirs have resulted in critical dependence on high-accuracy surveying techniques.Successful target penetration and meeting anticollision requirements without the need for shutting production in nearby wells are key proponents for a geomagnetic referencing service (GRS). Geomagnetic referencing is the technique to minimize the lateral position uncertainties when using MWD. This is particularly important for wellbores that extend the boundary of the drilling envelope with stepouts greater than 13 km. The wellbore azimuth accuracy is highly dependent on the quality of the magnetic data used to produce the geomagnetic reference model. This model characterizes the absolute magnitude and vector direction of the natural magnetic field for every point along the wellbore. Representation of the local crustal magnetic contribution is key to the process since it constitutes a significant error in the lateral wellbore position.Since 2011, a new, highly accurate geomagnetic referencing methodology has been used in Russia's Far East. Global contributions are accounted for by a high-definition geomagnetic model (HDGM). In addition, the local crustal magnetic anomaly is represented by 3D ellipsoidal harmonic functions tracking the shape and depth of the Earth, thereby providing seamless integration with HDGM and avoiding distortions faced by conventional plane-Earth approximations. A comparison with the previous industry standard shows improvements of 0.5° in azimuth determination. This high-degree geomagnetic technique will serve well for a number of upcoming developments in Russia's Far East, continuing to push the drilling envelope and providing essential, accurate wellbore positioning, while offering significant time and cost savings.

Ce document a t gnr automatiquement le 1 mai 2019.

A mixed reality system has been created for simulating gas metal arc welding (GMAW) welding. This simulation system is intended for use in training human welders. The system is comprised of a real welding torch attached to a force feedback device, a head-mounted display, a 6 DOF tracking system for both the torch and the user's head, and external audio speakers. The welding simulation is based on empirical results from detailed analysis of a series of test welds. The simulation runs in real-time, using a neural network to determine the quality and shape of the created weld based on the orientation and speed of the welding torch. The welding process and resulting weld bead are displayed in a virtual environment. Weld quality and recorded process values can be displayed after welding for review.