Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine

This article examines the contemporary opportunities and limitations of using large language models(LLMs), including ChatGPT, in higher education and scientific research. It outlines the technologicalfoundations of LLMs, highlighting their capabilities for context-aware dialogue, language synthesis,automated assessment, and personalization of learning pathways, including applications in languagelearning and intercultural communication that can support learner autonomy and communicativecompetence. The study emphasizes the potential of AI to enhance the quality of education, supportpedagogical decision-making, and improve the management of educational processes. At the sametime, key risks are identified, including informational biases, reliance on training data, the potentialgeneration of inaccurate content, threats to privacy, and challenges to academic integrity. Ethicalconsiderations are discussed, focusing on algorithmic transparency, data security, researcheraccountability, and the prevention of discriminatory effects. The article also presents key strategies foraddressing these challenges, including the development of information and ethical literacy, theestablishment of transparent university policies, clarification of scientific publication requirements,and implementation of guidelines for responsible LLM use. The study concludes that effectiveintegration of LLMs into academic environments requires a balanced combination of innovativepotential and ethical safeguards to ensure the integrity of education and scientific research. Keywords: large language models (LLMs), higher education, personalized learning, academic integrity, artificial intelligence, digital literacy, sustainable development, ethical AI, communication

The article reviews the academic heritage of Roman Lutsyk, long-time head of the Rare Books Department at the Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine (LNSLU). It presents R. Lutsyk’s academic achievements in the field of book studies, particularly in the study of early printed books, and clarifies his theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation and academic study of collections of incunabula and post-incunabula. The author emphasizes that one of R. Lutsyk’s most important feats is the carefully compiled collection of early printed cyrillic books in the Rare Books Department, which is one of the most complete collections of historical and cultural heritage in Ukrainian libraries. The main topics of academic research on R. Lutsyk’s book monuments are characterized. R. Lutsyk’s professionally compiled “Catalogue of Incunabula“ (Lviv, 1974) is analyzed, the publication of which made a significant contribution to the development of incunabula studies both in Ukraine and abroad. It has been established that R. Lutsyk’s merit was that valuable book monuments, despite ideological obstacles, were preserved, professionally processed, and made available to scholars, and the Rare Books Department became a source base and a center of monument studies for bibliologists.

Over time, publications produced in Vilnius, Lviv, Supraśl, Univ, and Pochaiv came to reflect the cult of Josaphat Kuntsevych, and were designed to meet the needs of the Uniate Church. A service dedicated to him was included in the Liturgikon and Menaion, and a book called Возслідування празникам (Celebration of the Feasts). In Lviv, the service was published as a separate edition, with the text of the service changing over time. In addition to the service, the Life of St. Josaphat, along with his image, were also published (Pochaiv Menaion). Other pieces, dedicated to Josaphat Kuntsevych, are the songs in Pochaiv Bohohlasnyk (Hymn Book), and the sermons by Yulian Dobrylovsky in the ‘Parochial Lessons’. The largest and most diverse contribution to honouring Josaphat Kuntsevych in terms of quantity and genre was created by the Pochaiv printing house. Pochaiv publications in Latin script also contributed to the spread of his cult. The marginalia in the books, which mention the blessed man, testify to the indifferent attitude which readers, including Orthodox believers, had towards this religious personality.

The life and work of Kornylo Ustyianovych have recently aroused conside­rable interest among Ukrainian researchers. This is not surprising. Being a ver­satile personality, primarily a painter and writer, he took an active part in the contemporary public and political life of Galician Ukrainians, was interested in the problems of aeronautics. Although material deprivation did not give him the opportunity to fully develop his talents, he nevertheless left behind a rather significant, primarily artistic, legacy. The artist’s not-so-small epistolary collection has also been preserved, although scattered in various places. There are quite a few mentions of him in the contemporary Galician Ukrainian press, which, obviously, with the preserved documentary heritage, will eventually allow us to shed much light on his life and creative work. The creative heritage, mainly painting, of the outstanding Ukrainian artist, has been the subject of study and registration since the beginning of the 20th century; let us recall the registers of the artistic heritage of K. Ustyianovych, published by Mykola Golubets in 1916 and 1938. In the Soviet era, the artist’s work was studied by a long-time employee of the Museum of Ukrainian Art in Lviv (he­reinafter referred to as the LMUM, as the current National Museum in Lviv named after Andrei Sheptytskyi was then called, hereinafter referred to as the NML), art critic Yaroslav Nanovskyi, author of the monograph “Kornylo My­kolayovych Ustyianovych”. We believe that the life and work of K. Ustyia­novych require a separate monographic study. We tried to only partially fill this gap, trace the main chronological moments of Kornylo Ustyianovych’s life path, outline his creative work, clarify the time and places of creation of his paintings, and highlight the main places of storage of his artistic and archival heritage. Keywords: Kornylo Ustyianovych, Tyt Revakovych, Oleksandr Barvins­kyi, Bobykevych, artist, poet, painting, artistic and manuscript heritage, pain­tings, letters.

The article reveals the role of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights in exercising parliamentary control over the observance of the constitutional right to leave. It is noted that the Ombudsman of Ukraine is an integral element of the constitutional system of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, whose activities are characterised by a high constitutional status, independence from any body and the possibility of direct appeal by the general public. It is noted that the exercise of the right to leave is a biological necessity for a person to restore his/her working capacity and meet vital needs; failure to exercise this right, even under martial law, may adversely affect a person’s health and life. The article identifies the inability of employees to fully exercise their right to leave for various reasons. The inability of employees to properly exercise their right to leave in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Overcoming Tuberculosis in Ukraine” due to the failure to adopt by-laws is established. The emphasis is placed on the violation of the right of pregnant women to postpone the start of maternity leave due to the late adoption of a departmental regulatory document. The grounds for the Ombudsman of Ukraine’s appeal to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on the unconstitutionality of certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the Organisation of Labour Relations under Martial Law” are revealed. The requirements to be met by a constitutional petition are emphasised. It is proved that the right to file a constitutional petition is the right of the Ombudsman of Ukraine. It is also proven that the activities of the Ombudsman of Ukraine complement the existing means of protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen, do not cancel them and do not entail a review of the competence of state bodies which ensure protection and restoration of violated rights and freedoms.

The article is aimed at detailing and illustrating the basic technologies of PSYOPS utilized within the modern information field, exploring the specificity of pathogenicity implementation in PSYOPS discourse as an object and the key communicative characteristics of the analyzed discourses making it possible to discern them into certain types as a subject. Traditionally, the pathogenic texts, which are the backbone of any PSYOP due to being its verbal, communicative representation, are distinguished into those that contribute to the spread of violence (reference to manipulating the negative emotions pushed to the max), pornography (reference to manipulating the positive emotions pushed to the max) and texts of totalitarian ideology and propaganda in mass communication. The first two types obviously pathogenic and are explicitly prohibited by the current legislation, while the third type of pathogenic texts is quite difficult to categorize as actually illegal. It is usually the third type that is being utilized in the PSYOP paradigm, due to its legal status uncertainty (which makes it easy to implement into public communications). A thorough linguistic analysis of over 5 000 pathogenic discourses made it possible to divide PSYOPS discourses into the basic types, according to the techniques utilized. In this particular article, we aim to single out the basic PSYOPS types which the russian propaganda has incessantly been using even before the start of the full-scale invasion in 2022, but has unprecedently increased since then, in order to destabilize the information field in Ukraine and create an unparalleled tension in the society — as well as to whitewash its own war crimes, even though those have been fixed and documented by a number of renowned world organizations. The following PSYOPS techniques are characterized basing on their communicative peculiarities: “goldfish”, reframing, “merry pictures”, official papers manipulation, clickbait, information alibi, demonizing, witch hunt — with the according examples provided. Having presented and illustrated the most frequent PSYOPS techniques, it can be stated that singling out the prevalent PSYOPS types will help craft ways of countering them, and thus, would allow to reduce or even fully neutralize the harmful effects of the original pathogenic array.

The article reveals the main provisions of the European Social Charter (revised) 1996 and its interconnection with the European Social Charter 1961. The research methodology is based on general scientific and special methods of cognition. It is emphasised that Ukraine's integration into the European legal space and the fulfilment of its obligations under the Association Agreement with the European Union require the harmonisation of national legislation with European standards. Emphasis is placed on the forms of control over the fulfilment of obligations under the Charters, including the submission of national reports and the collective complaint procedure. Complaints must raise general issues regarding the incompatibility of a law or practice with one or more provisions of the Charters and cannot be submitted in relation to individual situations. The procedure for reporting by participating states on the implementation of the provisions of the Charters is defined. The latest changes in the rules for submitting national reports are noted. States Parties that have not adopted the collective complaint procedure report on one group of provisions every two years, while those that have adopted the procedure report every four years. Reports should focus on the situation at the time of submission, as well as on actions taken or planned to improve the situation, and include information on the legislative framework, measures taken, and relevant indicators. A limited number of target questions are determined in advance, which must be answered in the report and which relate only to provisions adopted by the state. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of ratifying the Additional Protocol, which provides for a collective complaint system, to which Ukraine has not yet acceded. The functions of the main supervisory bodies of the Charters – the European Committee of Social Rights, the Governmental Committee of the European Social Charter and the European Code of Social Security – are identified, as well as the role of the Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in the procedure for assessing the implementation of the Charters. Three main stages in the reporting procedure have been established: examination of reports on compliance/non-compliance with the Charters; adoption of conclusions (making recommendations if necessary); consideration of the recommendations made. Emphasis is placed on the mechanism for submitting comments on national reports (alternative reports), which may contain additional or alternative information on all issues raised in the national report, or comment on a single issue or information that is missing from the government report. The role of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights in the process of reporting on the implementation of the provisions of the Charters was highlighted.

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The article analyzes three archival documents related to the history of Lviv during the First World War. They are part of the archival fond of the Dzieduszycki family (fond 45), preserved in the Manuscript Department of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. The documents allow for a more detailed study of the history of the unveiling of the Iron Knight sculpture in Lviv. This initiative was a form of aid to the military and civilians affected by the war events. The event took place in 1916 and was part of a statewide practice in Austro-Hungary. Keywords: Lviv, Austo-Hungary, First World War, Nailed Monuments, historical sources.

The restored NTSh is a scientific institution formed in theoretical and practical dimensions with clear statist approaches to the interpretation and specific work on the study of scientific processes. Relying on the traditional scien­tific concepts of the previous NTSh, the society developed a clear program of actions related to the essence and meaning of national life, problems of the development of the Ukrainian idea and national interest from the point of view of various scientific engagement. At the current stage, we still do not have a comprehensive study of the publishing activity of the restored NTSh. In 2023, the author began work on the historical and bibliographic research (monograph) “Restored Shevchenko Scientific Society in independent Ukraine: publishing experience, traditions, succession” within the departmental theme of the Department of Scientific Bibliography “Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv (1873–1939) as a nationwide publishing center”. The article examines the results of the publishing activity of the restored NTSh in Ukraine, analyzes the publishing strategies in the production of printed products during the years 1989–2023, which comprehensively illuminates the scientific and popular science discourse, and also traces the continuity of traditions in the transmission of publishing experience. The publi­shing acti­vity of the restored NTSh from 1989 to the present day (the 5th stage of its activity is the revival of the parent NTSh in Ukraine), in particular the series “Ukrainian Studies Scientific Library of NTSh”, “Popular Science Library”, “Proceedings of NTSh”, “Notes of NTSh”, structured by sections (Philological, Historical and Philosophical, Art Studies, Ethnography and Folkloristics) and commissions (Musicology, Special (auxiliary) historical dis­ciplines), “Proceedings of sessions, conferences, symposia, “round tables” of the NTSh”, “Prominent figures of NTSh”, “Memorial library of NTSh”, “Visnyk NTSh” magazine. Keywords: Shevchenko Scientific Society, Lviv, book series, modern publishing activity, topics of publications.