Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation

INTRODUCTION:Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the most prevalent infections, especially in the developing world. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that there are 8 million new cases annually [1,2]. Cough, sputum with or without haemoptysis, fever, and constitutional symptoms are the hallmark manifestations of an active tuberculosis infection. In patients with pulmonary TB, an increase in haemoglobin levels is regarded as an indicator of a positive response to treatment. Furthermore, Omar et al. found that a fall in platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were strong indications of clinical response [3]. Despite the possibility of an increase in white blood cells (WBC), which results in lymphocyte predominance, in clinical practice, eosinophilia is a usual finding that is self-limiting in moderate cases, but it is exceedingly infrequent in TB [4,5].Many allergic, viral, and neoplastic conditions may produce peripheral blood eosinophilia, necessitating a variety of examinations and subsequent therapy. Common causes of eosinophilia in children include infections with helminthic parasites, allergic diseases, malignancies, and adverse drug reactions [1,6]. One of the primary goals of the early evaluation is to identify an underlying cause that needs specific therapy. Even though difficulties linked with eosinophilia are more prevalent in individuals with higher eosinophil counts (>1500 eosinophils/uL), the peripheral blood eosinophil count does not accurately assess the risk of organ damage in each patient. A patient with modest peripheral blood eosinophilia may also have significant eosinophil organ involvement. Normal eosinophil counts in the human blood range between 0-350/mm3. This quantity accounts for between 1 and 3% of the differential leukocyte count [7]. Most reports of eosinophilia in tuberculosis describe local eosinophilia as opposed to peripheral eosinophilia [8]. To the best of our knowledge, reported cases are very rare. As a consequence, we describe one case of TB with considerable peripheral eosinophilia and the treatment outcome.

Superior Vena Cava (SVC) thrombus is a condition requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. SVC thrombus obstructs blood flow through the SVC, resulting in a severe decrease in venous return from the head, neck, and upper extremity to the heart. We hereby present a case of SVC syndrome secondary to SVC thrombus in the emergency department of PT Birtacity Hospital with facial swelling, shortness of breath, neck distension, and enlarged veins of the upper chest, which developed for five weeks in a 57-year-old lady. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a bronchogenic tumor, slight enlargement of a superior conglomerate mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and intramural thrombus of the SVC.

Context: The prevalence of alopecia around the world is high and awareness continuously increased due to social stigma. There are limited commercially-available medications for the management of different forms of baldness, most of which are prohibitively expensive and presents with various adverse effects. Aims: To evaluate the flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate extract of Equisetum hyemale stem for its hair-regenerative properties in chemically-induced alopecia in Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Various concentrations of the flavonoid-rich extract of E. hyemale were applied in depilated areas in dorsal rat skin after chemical induction of alopecia. Evidence of hair growth was observed for 28 days in a weekly basis. Histopathological analysis of rat skin was performed to demonstrate evidence of follicular hair growth. Results: The abundance of flavonoids in the ethyl acetate extract was established by total flavonoid contents and LC-MS analyses. The 2.5% E. hyemale extract exhibited hair-regenerative properties with high tensile strengths, combined masses and follicular growth, which was comparable to the positive control, 5% minoxidil (p>0.05). The highest rate of hair follicular development was observed in the telogen phase in rat skin after 28 days of treatment. Conclusions: The flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate extract of E. hyemale exhibits in situ hair-regenerative properties in chemically-induced alopecia in rats at 2.5% w/v concentration.

This study seeks to compare the in vitro multi-point dissolution profiles between 3 off-patent products azithromycin dihydrate 500 mg and the innovator product. The paddle-type dissolution apparatus was used. This was rotated at a speed of 50 rpm using 0.1-N HCl as media. Random samples were withdrawn after certain time points and assayed for azithromycin dihydrate. Comparision between test samples and the innovator product was done by computing their similarity (f 1 ) and disimilarity (f 2 ) factors and by fitting them to various kinetics of drug release during dissolution. Test samples 1 and 3 were comparable to the innovator product because they complied with f 1 and f 2 specifications. Test sample 2, however, gave higher f 2 values making it non-equivalent with the innovator product. The Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppa kinetics of drug release characterized most of the dissolution profiles. This study showed that test samples 1 and 3 are equivalent with the innovator products in terms of comparative in vitro dissolution profiles where extra-Fickian release behaviors was exhibited by all the preparations.