Volga State University of Technology

Sexual reproduction is a hallmark of most eukaryotes, yet hybridization can lead to alternative reproductive strategies, such as hybridogenesis. During hybridogenesis, found in the European water frog (Pelophylax esculentus) complex, one of the parental genomes is eliminated during gametogenesis, and the other one propagates clonally to gametes. We analyzed diploid hybrid males from populations common for hybrids and Pelophylax lessonae (L-E systems) from the eastern part of their distribution range. All but one hybrid produced spermatocytes and spermatids with Pelophylax ridibundus chromosomes, suggesting premeiotic elimination of P. lessonae genome and endoreplication of the P. ridibundus genome. We also observed spermatocytes with 13 or 26 univalents, indicating alterations in genome elimination and endoreplication. By comparing spermatocytes with germ cell genome composition, we suggest that genome elimination and endoreplication do not occur in adult males. Further, we examined introgressions using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers and comparative genomic hybridization. Most hybrids carried P. ridibundus and P. lessonae haplogroups, but five had Pelophylax cf. bedriagae mitochondrial DNA. In one hybrid, we revealed introgression of P. ridibundus chromosomal segments on P. lessonae chromosome. Although L-E systems are generally considered as stable, our results indicate variability in hybrid male gametogenesis, which may be related to introgressive hybridization.

Improper waste disposal remains to be one of the most salient global environmental concerns. Consequential to economic growth and consumerism, the praxis of sustainability has become stunted as the amount of waste illicitly discarded continue to swell over the years, harming ecosystems, exacerbating global warming and aggravates human adversity. As such, the primary contributors for this concern are Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and cans, which are widely accessible and also extensively utilized for daily consumption. However, while many countries already have efficient waste management mechanisms in place, challenges regarding recycling efforts persist in afflicting developing countries including the Philippines. Considering this persistent and wide-scale issue, 'Bote-Cannected' is a reverse vending machine that was designed and built to encourage recycling by accepting both plastic bottles and cans for disposal. Delving on the design, Bote-Cannected's system utilized Arduino and Raspberry Pi technologies to automate the sorting and processing of items. Thereafter, the said machine was made to automatically segregate items one at a time, and assign points based on material type and size. Despite minor challenges linked to the design, durability, and overall functionality, 'Bote-Cannected' received high satisfaction ratings from users. Ultimately, its successful application showcased its strong potential in encouraging recycling behaviours and address pressing environmental concerns.

The first time-resolved leader spectra associated with a downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flash (TGF) observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) were recently reported by \citeA{kieu2024first}. Building on that study, this paper presents th

In the modern world, virtual reality (VR) technologies are actively used in education, including professional training of remote equipment operators. It raises the question: how justified is the use of virtual reality technologies for operator training compared to conventional video display technologies? Is the development of virtual technologies just a trend or does it have an actual effect? This study evaluated the accuracy of solving simple operator visual-motor tasks during the measurement of speed of reaction to a moving and approximating object. The study included 105 volunteers at the age of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$19 \mathrm{y}. \mathrm{o}$</tex>. to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$23 \mathrm{y}. \mathrm{o}$</tex>., who were taking an additional professional educational program for operators. The subjects were assigned to two technological groups. Each group subsequently performed the same tests but used different equipment which provided the conditions of perceiving visual information from an electronic display or the conditions of the virtual environment with an HTC VIVE Pro 2 virtual reality headset. No statistically significant differences were found in the reaction speed measurements, indicating that both technological groups had similar control efficiency. In this context, it can be stated that the widespread replacement of electronic display devices by virtual content devices for presenting information for solving simple visual-motor tasks in the training of remote equipment operators is not advisable. The paper proposes the conditions for the effective use of VR technology for training and controlling mobile remote objects. It also provides recommendations for the use of virtual environments or electronic displays for presenting information in different situations of operator activity.

The work is devoted to new effective building materials based on gypsum and cement binders using modified wood. The main advantages and disadvantages of compositions based on gypsum binder are considered. Following the example of TWC, the use of thermally modified wood in a gypsum-wood composition as the main filler is proposed. The characteristics of TMW are briefly substantiated, allowing to improve the operational indicators of GTWC in comparison with other gypsum concretes on organic filler.

The article is devoted to the issues of digital transformation of the activities of public authorities, as well as modern trends in accounting and registration of real estate (using the example of Rosreestr) in digital format. The changes in legislation that regulates the transition to an electronic format of interaction between public authorities with multifunctional centers, other organizations and citizens in the provision of public services and the large-scale work of Rosreestr and other specially authorized executive authorities on the digitalization of archives and the transition to electronic document management were noted.

An overview of the main scientific achievements of Russian universities in the field of organic chemistry for the period 2018–2023 is presented.

Building sustainable manufacturing models in the Industrial Metaverse through the use of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence represents a new approach to optimizing manufacturing processes, reducing waste and emissions, and increasing efficiency. This new concept is based on the integration of physical and virtual systems that collect and analyze huge volumes of information in real time. Through data analysis, AI can predict resource consumption, identify inefficiencies and automate processes to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions. The main goal of these innovations is not only to optimize manufacturing, but also to contribute to the achievement of global goals for sustainable development through better resource management and a reduction of the ecological footprint. The aim of the paper is to explore the concept of the Industrial Metaverse, define the role of Big Data and AI in sustainable manufacturing, and identify opportunities and challenges.

The work proposes a method for identifying the contour of the cross-section of vessels based on the results of an ultrasound examination of the neck vessels. The proposed method allows, based on the analysis of brightness sections, identifying the contour of the cross-section of a blood vessel and evaluating changes in the cross-sectional area of the vessel in dynamics. This enables identifying a predisposition to certain pathologies of the neck vessels. However, the authors note that this procedure is not the main one and can be used as an addition to a comprehensive examination. The method includes such stages as preliminary image processing, searching for brightness differences, refining the coordinates of the points of the vessel cross-section contour, smoothing the obtained coordinate values, and estimating the area. Based on the proposed methodology, a program was developed for frame-by-frame analysis of the results of ultrasound examination of the neck vessels [7].