WSB Merito University in Poznan

The Nonassociative Lambek Calculus (NL) represents a logic devoid of the structural rules of exchange, weakening, and contraction, and it does not presume the associativity of its connectives. Its finitary consequence relation is decidable in polynomial time. However, the addition of classical connectives conjunction and disjunction (FNL) makes the consequence relation undecidable. Interestingly, if these connectives are distributive, the consequence relation is decidable in exponential time. This paper provides the proof, that we can merge classical logic with NL (i.e. BFNL) and intuitionistic logic with NL (i.e. HFNL), and still consequence relations are decidable in exponential time.

Background: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between body weight (weight category groups) and the ability to maintain balance in conditions of restricted field of vision and support area in female wrestlers. Methods: The study involved female wrestlers (n = 34), who were divided into three weight categories. The Romberg test was performer using a freeSTEP STANDARD stabilometric platform. The analysed stabilometric parameters measuring the range of centre-of-pressure (CoP) deviation included total path length (PL) of foot pressure on the ground. Results: The postural stability of female wrestlers was determined by their position, the quality of visual information, the limitation of the support base, and their weight category. As visual information and the support base were limited (when standing on one leg), the deviation of the centre of gravity increased (right leg: f2 = 0.293, p < 0.005). Lightweight competitors showed the biggest body deviations in the ‘standing with both feet and eyes open’ position compared to the middleweight and heavyweight categories (eyes open EO f2 = 0.233, p < 0.05; eyes closed EC f2 = 0.217, p < 0.05). The differences between the tests with eyes open and closed were statistically significant only in the lightweight category. Conclusions: Balance training on the right leg with eyes open can be a sensitive diagnostic test, highlighting differences in stability levels between weight groups. It indicates the need to develop stability while eliminating visual compensation in order to compensate for these differences in competitive sports.

High income inequality is generally accompanied by unequal access to education, job training, and business opportunities, limitingemployment opportunities for the poor. One approach that can be applied to resolve this problem is by implementing a fiscal decentralization policy. Papua is one of the regions categorized as 3T (Underdeveloped, Frontier, and Outermost). This condition indicates serious challenges in development in Papua, especially in the aspects of basic infrastructure and fiscal independence. The main contribution of the study is to analyze the role of fiscal decentralization on development in Papua province. Fiscal decentralization plays an important role in promoting regional development, particularly in disadvantaged areas. The study used a panel data approach that combines time-series data (2019-2023) and cross-sectional data (29 regencies and cities) in Papua Province. The results of the study indicate that fiscal decentralization through the General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Special Allocation Fund (DAK) has no effect in reducing inequality rates in Papua Province. It isdue to geographical challenges and the unconditional transfer nature of DAU and DAK. In this case, DAU is mostly used for regional routine expenditures, while the DAK has a long-term effect on infrastructure development, which is the major obstacle in reducing inequality in Papua. This research implies that local governments need to improve the effectiveness of DAU and DAK utilization by prioritizing productive sectors.

In the dynamic and volatile capital market, understanding the factors that influence stock prices is essential for making informed investment decisions. Stock price movements are influenced by rational, fundamental information, irrational investor behavior, and sentiment. This study aims to analyze the influence of rational and irrational factors on stock prices in the Indonesian banking sector during the 2020-2024 period. The rational variables include price-to-book value (PBV), financial literacy, technology adoption, and interest rates, while irrational influence is represented by investor sentiment or mood. Using a dynamic panel data approach with the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), this study examines four major Indonesian banks: Bank Mandiri, BNI, BRI, and BCA. The results show that PBV, financial literacy, and technology adoption significantly affect stock prices, while interest rates have a significant negative effect. Additionally, investor sentiment has a considerable positive impact, indicating that emotional and psychological factors can drive stock price movements beyond fundamental valuation. This research presents a novel analytical model that integrates rational and irrational perspectives, offering a comprehensive understanding of stock price volatility in emerging markets. It suggests that investors, companies, and policymakers must consider both fundamental indicators and market sentiment simultaneously to make accurate, timely investment decisions.

ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to show the results of research on whether safety culture is the social impact of technical organizations. It is important to fix determinants of social impact through safety culture in technical organizations. Positive safety culture is the result of consistent management actions aimed at both the inner workings of the company and its external environment. A safety culture should ensure that the risks associated with operational processes are mitigated in the context of adverse events such as disasters, accidents, incidents, law infringements, and so forth. Safety is a social good, which is the foundation and priority of people's quality of life. Meeting the safety needs of society is the task of responsible managers of technical organizations. The proposed analytical and research model has been used to analyze the factors shaping a safety culture in the context of their importance in the implementation of social impacts. The Vester and AHP methods were used to assess the impact of defined individual factors of shaping a safety culture and to determine the ranking of factors with the highest weights. The article is a step towards defining the processes of shaping a safety culture of technical organizations in the context of their social impact.

The book provides expertise in strategic climate management in relation to the modern principles of digital and climate transformation examined through the concept of business models. This monograph aims to broadly illustrate the complexity of the issue presented through climate responsibility shaped at the level of business, the economy and society. As part of the presented model, a closed cycle of implementing the principles of climate responsibility in business models focused on management, digital and technological perspectives were identified. This proposed model is described in detail in this scientific monograph. The aim of the monograph is to indicate the theoretical and practical determinants of building and creating the principles of climate responsibility embedded in business models by developing management mechanisms open to digital and technological perspectives.

ABSTRACT How does war change communications between state and society? We evaluate the language of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU), as presented in post-decision announcements and tweets from September 2019 to March 2024. We distinguish between pre-war and wartime samples. Using a variety of natural language processing methods, we extract four variables describing the messages of the NBU (sentiment, polarity, subjectivity, and saturation of war language). Additionally, we use the BERTopic modeling technique to extract, identify, and quantify the underlying themes in both types of corpora. Nonparametric tests confirm the differences in the distributions of variables before and after the invasion. The NBU changes the tone and subjectivity of both types of communication after the invasion. The results are robust to different methods of analysis, but are more ambiguous for Twitter/X. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first comprehensive case study of wartime language by a central bank.

У статті проаналізовано розвиток винного туризму в регіонах Центральної Європи, зокрема у Польщі, Чехії, Словаччині та Угорщині. Указано, що винний туризм є перспективним напрямом розвитку ринку туристичних послуг. Зазначається, що винний туризм є тематичним видом туристичної діяльності, пов’язаним з ознайомленням з історією, технологією виробництва та культурою споживання вин у певному регіоні та їх дегустацією безпосередньо у виробника. Встановлено, що в останні роки у туристів зростає інтерес до тематичного туризму, зокрема до винного. У ході проведення дослідження було розглянуто виноробні практики у системі туристичного бізнесу. Зокрема, визначено, що виноробство, як туристичний ресурс, поєднує у собі культурну спадщину, гастрономію та стратегії сталого розвитку. Проведений компаративний аналіз виноробних регіонів Центральної Європи дав змогу не лише зіставити поточні стани винного туризму в різних країнах Центральної Європи, а й виокремити найуспішніші практики, які можуть бути адаптовані в інших регіонах. Представлено сучасні тенденції в еногастрономічному туризмі, зокрема slow tourism, локальність, органічне виробництво. Визначено вплив інноваційних форм туристичної діяльності на привабливість дестинацій та залучення міжнародних туристів. У процесі написання статті авторами було розглянуто європейський досвід щодо розвитку винного туризму з метою застосування таких практик в Україні. Резюмовано, що кожна країна розвиває свій унікальний модельний підхід до енотуризму, та разом вони формують багатогранну карту Центральної Європи, де вино стає ключем до розуміння локальної ідентичності, традицій і майбутніх можливостей. Цей мультидисциплінарний ресурс вже сьогодні сприяє зміцненню місцевих економік, збереженню культурної спадщини та підвищенню туристичної привабливості регіону на світовій арені.

Younger women are diagnosed more often with aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtypes, the treatment of which usually incorporates chemotherapy. Physical training plays a significant role in mitigating the adverse effects of systemic cancer therapy, improving quality of life, and potentially enhancing treatment efficacy. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) emerged as a promising intervention to counteract the fatigue induced by chemotherapy, which in younger women often causes depression and disruption of employment. This study aimed to investigate whether supervised HIIT employed concurrently with chemotherapy impacts the cardiorespiratory fitness of young BC patients. Twenty-six young (18-40years old) BC patients scheduled for chemotherapy were randomised to intervention comprising supervised HIIT employed concurrently with chemotherapy or no supervised training (control) for 6months. Outcomes measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and non-invasive cardiac output testing were cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac output. Compared to control, employment of HIIT mitigated the decrease in relative peakVO2 from 33.630 to 29.540ml/kg/min for HIIT group and from 29.679 to 22.571ml/kg/min for control group (ANCOVA p = 0.018, ES = 0.469), and also a mitigated the decrease in exercise time from 685.600 to 666.500s for HIIT group and from 703.357 to 555.500s for control group (ANCOVA p = 0.008, ES = 0.815) measured during CPET. Supervised HIIT implemented alongside chemotherapy can mitigate the decline in cardiorespiratory fitness caused by BC chemotherapy in young patients. The study was registered in the clinicaltrials.gov registry (#NCT06190600) on 2024-01-05, retrospectively registered.

This study compares consumer and professional inflation expectations in Ukraine before and during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. We apply entropy-based measures to tackle co-movements of expectations and macro variables (inflation, food inflation, exchange rate and production) and dynamic time warping to assess their forward and backward orientation. The pre-war sample spans from May 2019 to February 2022, and the war sample from March 2022 to December 2024. We expected to find differences between pre-war and wartime samples, as war constitutes a political shock with severe economic consequences. The study confirms the change of expectations: more substantial mutual information with past inflation in most cases, better alignment between professionals and consumers, and a change in the distances between expectations and past or future inflation. This is the first empirical study discussing Ukrainian economic agents’ expectations during the full-scale invasion.