WWF-Indonesia

The aviation sector is recognized as one of the most challenging industries to decarbonize, prompting increasing global interest in Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) derived from low-carbon and waste-based feedstocks. In Indonesia, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) represents a significant industrial by-product with potential strategic relevance for SAF development within a circular economy framework. This study aims to systematically synthesize and evaluate existing scholarly evidence on POME-based SAF development in Indonesia, focusing on technological pathways, deployment barriers, and strategic imperatives for scaling in support of global aviation decarbonization. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected exclusively from peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in the Scopus database. An initial search using the keywords “sustainable aviation fuel” AND “biofuel” yielded 671 articles, which were refined through targeted Boolean queries, publication year filtering (2019–2025), and Open Access/Open Archive screening, resulting in 25 eligible studies. Data analysis was conducted using thematic synthesis to integrate technological, environmental, economic, infrastructural, and policy dimensions. The results indicate that anaerobic digestion-based pathways combined with Fischer–Tropsch and Alcohol-to-Jet conversion dominate POME-based SAF research, with reported lifecycle greenhouse gas reductions of 60–85%. While feedstock availability is abundant, scalability is constrained by capital intensity, infrastructural dispersion, and limited SAF-specific policy support. In conclusion, POME-based SAF development in Indonesia is technically and environmentally viable but requires coordinated policy frameworks and infrastructure integration. Future research should prioritize integrated techno-economic and lifecycle assessments to strengthen evidence-based policy formulation.

Increasing trend of distributed energy resources and battery energy storage utilization in electric power systems have resulted in a drop in system inertia. This can result in stability issues following various disturbances in power systems. To cope with this, grid-forming inverter-based resources have been introduced as an efficient solution in recent years. These resources can mimic the conventional synchronous generator behavior and increase the system synthetic inertia. In this study we have developed a user-defined model for a real-world grid-forming battery rated at hundreds of megawatts in RMS (PSS/E) and EMT (PSCAD) domains. Further, we conducted a benchmark analysis between the behavior of the two models through various transient events. Results have validated that both models are able to maintain stability and their performance reflect the expected match except in fast transients.

The highest prevalence of malaria has been observed in South Buru Regency. Effective elimination strategies can be developed only through an improved understanding of the etiology and spatial distribution of malaria cases. To meet the objectives of this study, spatial analysis was combined with the MICMAC method, which was conducted in two stages to clarify and formulate a malaria elimination strategy. The spatial distribution of malaria cases was mapped, while the MICMAC method was applied to examine factors influencing malaria elimination. The relationships among critical factors and their impact on malaria eradication were derived from the data analysis. Spatial analysis indicated that Namrole District is currently a malaria hotspot and may serve as a strategic target for preventive measures. The MICMAC analysis identified that human resource development, routine surveillance and rapid treatment investigations, and community education fall within Quadrant 1 (high influence–low independence), underscoring their importance in malaria elimination efforts. This study emphasizes the role of community engagement in achieving malaria eradication. Recommended strategies include: (1) prioritizing high-risk areas, (2) promoting intersectoral collaboration, (3) implementing active surveillance and case management, and (4) allocating resources effectively. Enhancing community awareness is essential for encouraging healthy practices and ensuring medical adherence. Insights from this study provide local authorities with valuable information for decision-making in malaria control, highlighting indispensable factors in Quadrant 1 that warrant focused attention, especially when identified as key predictors.

Indonesia faces challenges in achieving its goal of eliminating malaria by 2030, with cases stagnating between 2015 and 2019. This study analysed regional epidemiological trends and demographic changes in malaria cases from 2010 to 2019, considering differences in surveillance across the country. We analysed national and sub-national malaria routine surveillance data using generalised additive and generalised linear models to assess temporal trends in case reporting, test positivity, demographics, and parasite species distribution while accounting for surveillance variations. After adjusting for increased testing from 2015 onwards, we estimated declining malaria incidence in six of seven Indonesian regions. These regions showed a demographic shift toward older, predominantly male cases, suggesting a transition from household to occupational transmission. In contrast, Papua maintained high transmission with cases concentrated in children. Despite comprising only 2% of Indonesia's population, Papua's contribution to national malaria cases rose from 40 to 90% (2010-2019). While most Indonesian regions progress toward elimination by addressing mobile and migrant populations and P. vivax transmission, Papua shows different patterns with persistently high transmission among children. Achieving nationwide elimination requires enhanced control measures, improved healthcare access, and strengthened multisectoral collaboration to address these region-specific challenges.

Circadian rhythms are a mechanism by which species adapt to environmental variability and fundamental to understanding species behavior. However, we lack data and a standardized framework to accurately assess and compare temporal activity for species during rapid ecological change. Through a global network representing 38 countries, we leveraged 8.9 million mammalian observations to create a library of 14,587 standardized diel activity estimates for 445 species. We found that less than half the species' estimates were in agreement with diel classifications from the reference literature and that species commonly used more than one diel classification. Species diel activity was highly plastic when exposed to anthropogenic change. Furthermore, body size and distributional extent were strongly associated with whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal. Our findings provide essential knowledge of species behavior in an era of rapid global change and suggest the need for a new, quantitative framework that defines diel activity logically and consistently while capturing species plasticity.

The implementation of performance measurement systems in public organizations was essential for optimizing task execution, service delivery, and business processes, thereby ensuring the achievement of organizational goals. However, the adoption of such systems in Village-Owned Enterprises (VOEs) across Indonesia remained insufficient. This was reflected in the high number of non-operational VOEs or those contributing minimally to local communities. A key issue was the lack of a strategic performance measurement framework, which hindered these organizations from achieving their vision and mission effectively. This study aimed to develop a performance measurement framework tailored to VOEs using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) methodology. It employed document reviews, interviews, and analyses of the vision, mission, and strategic objectives of VOE Cimenteng Jaya as a case study. The framework aligned strategic goals with the four BSC perspectives: financial, learning and growth, internal processes, and stakeholders. A strategy map visualized the interconnections among these perspectives. The study identified nine strategic objectives and fifteen Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) relevant to the VOE. By providing a structured approach to performance evaluation, the framework was expected to improve the VOE's contribution to local economic development and community welfare.