Wacom (Japan)

This May, the World Health Assembly (WHA) will vote on re-establishing a mandate for the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the health consequences of nuclear weapons and war1. Health professionals and their associations should urge their governments to support such a mandate and support the new UN comprehensive study on the effects of nuclear war. The first atomic bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert 80 years ago, in July 1945. Three weeks later, two relatively small (by today's standards), tactical-size nuclear weapons unleashed a cataclysm of radioactive incineration on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. By the end of 1945, about 213,000 people were dead2. Tens of thousands more have died from late effects of the bombings.

This May, the World Health Assembly (WHA) will vote on re-establishing a mandate for the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the health consequences of nuclear weapons and war (1).Health professionals and their associations should urge their governments to support such a mandate and support the new UN comprehensive study on the effects of nuclear war.The first atomic bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert 80 years ago, in July 1945.Three weeks later, two relatively small (by today's standards), tactical-size nuclear weapons unleashed a cataclysm of radioactive incineration on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.By the end of 1945, about 213,000 people were dead (2).Tens of thousands more have died from late effects of the bombings.Last December, Nihon Hidankyo, a movement that brings together atomic bomb survivors, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its "efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again" (3).For the Norwegian Nobel Committee, the award validated the most fundamental human right: the right to live.The Committee warned that the menace of nuclear weapons is now more urgent than ever before.In the words of Committee Chair Jrgen Watne Frydnes, "it is naive to believe our civilisation can survive a world order in which global security depends on nuclear weapons.The world is not meant to be a prison in which we await collective annihilation" (4).He noted that our survival depended on keeping intact the "nuclear taboo" (which stigmatises the use of nuclear weapons as morally unacceptable) (5).The nuclear taboo gains strength from recognition of compelling evidence of the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of nuclear war, its severe global climatic and famine consequences, and the impossibility of any effective humanitarian response.This evidence contributed significantly to ending the Cold War nuclear arms race (6, 7).While the numbers of nuclear weapons are down to 12,331 now, from their 1986 peak of 70,300 (8), this is still equivalent to 146,605 Hiroshima bombs (9), and does not mean humanity is any safer (10).Even a fraction of the current arsenal could decimate the biosphere in a severe mass extinction event.The global climate disruption caused by the smoke pouring from cities ignited by just 2% of the current arsenal could result in over two billion people starving (11).A worldwide nuclear arms race is underway.Deployed nuclear weapons are increasing again, and China, India, North

Dental cutting is a crucial skill for dental students. However, current VR dental cutting training systems rely on bulky and costly haptic devices, which reduce opportunities for individual practice. Moreover, the limitations imposed by the maximum reaction force of an active haptic device would impact the range of tooth hardness that can be reproduced. We propose a compact XR tooth-cutting training system, VirtuEleDent, that employs a passive haptic approach using a 3D-printed physical teeth model and a three-dimensionally tracked handpiece. Their spatial relationship is accurately rendered in the virtual environment of a mobile head-mounted display (HMD), providing users with realistic haptic sensations during virtual tooth-cutting exercises. Our tracking platform is operated using electromagnetic resonance (EMR) stylus technology and consists of a digitizer (i.e., tracking board) and a handpiece device. A customized EMR stylus unit (i.e., resonance coil) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor are installed inside the handpiece, allowing for precise measurement of its tip’s 3D position and orientation. This setup enables the learner to physically manipulate dexterous handpieces on the teeth model while experiencing virtual tooth-cutting in the HMD. First, we detail the design and implementation of our initial prototype system, including the tracking platform. We then describe an expert user study conducted with our prototype, where licensed dentists compare VirtuEleDent to a baseline with a conventional haptic device. Finally, the educator’s feedback demonstrates its potential and informs our further improvements and the directions of future development.

This statement revises our earlier “WAME Recommendations on ChatGPT and Chatbots in Relation to Scholarly Publications” (January 20, 2023). The revision reflects the proliferation of chatbots and their expanding use in scholarly publishing over the last few months, as well as emerging concerns regarding lack of authenticity of content when using chatbots. These recommendations are intended to inform editors and help them develop policies for the use of chatbots in papers published in their journals. They aim to help authors and reviewers understand how best to attribute the use of chatbots in their work and to address the need for all journal editors to have access to manuscript screening tools. In this rapidly evolving field, we will continue to modify these recommendations as the software and its applications develop.

This statement revises our earlier “WAME Recommendations on ChatGPT and Chatbots in Relation to Scholarly Publications” (January 20, 2023). The revision reflects the proliferation of chatbots and their expanding use in scholarly publishing over the last few months, as well as emerging concerns regarding lack of authenticity of content when using chatbots. These Recommendations are intended to inform editors and help them develop policies for the use of chatbots in papers published in their journals. They aim to help authors and reviewers understand how best to attribute the use of chatbots in their work, and to address the need for all journal editors to have access to manuscript screening tools. In this rapidly evolving field, we will continue to modify these recommendations as the software and its applications develop.