Warsaw School of Information Technology

Skin Cancer is an extensive and possibly dangerous disorder that requires early detection for effective treatment. Add specific global statistics on skin cancer prevalence and mortality to emphasize the importance of early detection. Example: “Skin cancer accounts for 1 in 5 diagnosed cancers globally, with melanoma causing over 60,000 deaths annually. Manual skin cancer screening is both time-intensive and expensive. Deep learning (DL) techniques have shown exceptional performance in various applications and have been applied to systematize skin cancer diagnosis. However, training DL models for skin cancer diagnosis is challenging due to limited available data and the risk of overfitting. Traditionally approaches have High computational costs, a lack of interpretability, deal with numerous hyperparameters and spatial variation have always been problems with machine learning (ML) and DL. An innovative method called adaptive learning has been developed to overcome these problems. In this research, we advise an intelligent computer-aided system for automatic skin cancer diagnosis using a two-stage transfer learning approach and Pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs are well-suited for learning hierarchical features from images. Annotated skin cancer photographs are utilized to detect ROIs and reset the initial layer of the pre-trained CNN. The lower-level layers learn about the characteristics and patterns of lesions and unaffected areas by fine-tuning the model. To capture high-level, global features specific to skin cancer, we replace the fully connected (FC) layers, responsible for encoding such features, with a new FC layer based on principal component analysis (PCA). This unsupervised technique enables the mining of discriminative features from the skin cancer images, effectively mitigating overfitting concerns and letting the model adjust structural features of skin cancer images, facilitating effective detection of skin cancer features. The system shows great potential in facilitating the initial screening of skin cancer patients, empowering healthcare professionals to make timely decisions regarding patient referrals to dermatologists or specialists for further diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Our advanced adaptive fine-tuned CNN approach for automatic skin cancer diagnosis offers a valuable tool for efficient and accurate early detection. By leveraging DL and transfer learning techniques, the system has the possible to transform skin cancer diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.

In 1983 the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) were introduced as an extension of Zadeh's fuzzy sets. Fifteen years later the Bipolar Fuzzy Sets (BFSs) were introduced as a new extension of fuzzy sets. In the article it is proved that each BFS can be transformed injectively or bijectively to an IFSs.

In the current investigation InterCriteria analysis as a decision making tool is applied to the rankings of Polish Universities aiming at determination of interdependences and influence of the indicators used for their rankings. Public University Ranking, Private University Ranking and Public Vocational Colleges Ranking in Poland for 2023 are in the focus of current investigation, as retrieved from the Perspektywy University Ranking website.

Abstract Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are a very convenient tool for describing alternatives/options while making decisions because they make it possible to naturally represent the pros, cons, and hesitation. The IFSs have attracted a significant interest and have been applied in various fields. Of course, their use poses some challenges. One of the main challenges is the ranking of alternatives/options described by the intuitionistic fuzzy sets, to be called for brevity the intuitionistic fuzzy alternatives. This is a crucial issue, notably for the applications, for instance, in decision making. We first present in detail and analyze the benefits of a method we introduced previously (cf. Szmidt and Kacprzyk [1]). For this method, we augment the original assumptions with an additional assumption, which is justified and inherently reasonable. As a result, we obtain formulas which are better justified than those previously used as they explicitly consider the arguments in favor (pro), against (con), and hesitance. Since the intuitionistic fuzzy alternatives can not be linearly ranked, then the additional assumptions during the ranking process are necessary. We address these issues and analyze examples to clarify our new approach. We examine some other methods discussed in the literature and analyze their results, and show that the new assumptions reconcile some misconceptions raised by those other papers.

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments of the scientific debate regarding the impact of digital education initiatives on human capital development in Ukraine. The study’s primary goal is to determine the effect of digital educational initiatives on human capital development. The systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem indicates that the debate about the advantages and disadvantages of digital education in Ukraine continues until now. The urgency of solving this scientific problem lies in the fact that digital education is essential for the state’s educational policy and the country’s general development of human capital. The study of the topic in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: a review of the literature to determine the advantages and disadvantages of digital education in Ukraine and an assessment of the impact of digital education on the development of skills and abilities of education seekers. An in-depth retrospective analysis of scientific works was carried out to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the subject of research. To solve the set goal, the methods of statistical analysis and questionnaires were used in the work. The object of the study is digital education initiatives in Ukraine. The effectiveness of initiatives in improving students’ knowledge, abilities, and employment prospects is analyzed. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that digital education initiatives positively affect the development of human capital in Ukraine. Educators who have mastered the skills of working on digital platforms demonstrate improved critical thinking and teamwork skills. The results show that these initiatives improve students’ skills, knowledge and employability. The development of digital education also requires establishing fair access to digital educational materials, especially in rural areas, and improving pedagogical workers’ qualifications in using digital products. The findings contribute to the broader academic discourse on the relationship between digital education and human capital growth, providing ideas for future research.

Okres XXI wieku jest bezprecedensowy, jeżeli chodzi o rozwój w obszarze technologii. Użytkownicy cyberprzestrzeni muszą proaktywnie korzystać z praktyk związanych zachowaniem bezpieczeństwa, aby były one realnie skuteczne i odczuwalne. Celem artykułu było zbadanie wpływu dynamicznie postępującej cyfryzacji na cyberbezpieczeństwo systemów teleinformatycznych oraz świadomości ich użytkowników w tym zakresie. Przeprowadzone badania jednoznacznie wskazują, iż istnieje kilka obszarów cyberbezpieczeństwa, w których należałoby poczynić kroki mające na celu zwiększenie świadomości społeczeństwa. Główny obszar stanowi uświadomienie, że każdy użytkownik Internetu może być potencjalnym celem ataku cybernetycznego. Kolejnym istotnym obszarem, który został uwidoczniony podczas analizy odpowiedzi na pytania ankietowe, jest rażąca polityka zarządzania hasłami praktykowana przez użytkowników Internetu. W artykule wykorzystano następujące metody i techniki badawcze: metody ankietowe, metody indukcji jako formy przechodzenia od szczegółu do ogółu, metodę dedukcji jako formę uogólniającą i wnioskową, analizę literatury oraz danych statystycznych. Poruszana tematyka w opracowaniu wskazuje na konieczność prowadzenia oraz rozwoju badań nad sposobem, w jaki społeczeństwo reaguje na zmiany zachodzące w cyberprzestrzeni.

In this paper, we continue our considerations concerning the ranking of intuitionistic fuzzy alternatives (options, variants, ...). We complete our previous considerations by showing in another way why the method proposed by us gives proper results. We stress when the method should be applied and emphasize its transparency.