Wayamba University of Sri Lanka

The extensive use of broad-spectrum conventional pesticides has led to ecological damage and raised food safety concerns, necessitating sustainable agricultural alternatives. Biobased nanoemulsions (BBNEs) are nanoemulsions (NEs) that incorporate biobased active compounds and oils, combined with natural or biodegradable conventional surfactants, offering a promising solution. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of BBNEs in effective pest management while protecting ecosystems. Despite the successful laboratory-scale validation of BBNEs, their field potential remains untapped. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the performance, environmental impact, and regulatory aspects of BBNEs, while offering a roadmap to the effective implementation in sustainable agriculture. This work bridges the gap between theory and practice, which highlights the potential of BBNEs to revolutionize pest management while preserving ecological health.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between industrial activity in the Batang Integrated Industrial Zone and the number of tourist visits to Celong Beach, Batang Regency. This study employed qualitative methods. The researchers employed qualitative methods by directly observing and documenting the Celong Beach tourist site in Batang Regency, linking the number of tourists to the presence of PT Kawasan Industri Terpadu Batang (KITB). Data analysis used data triangulation. The results indicate that the development of the tourism sector has significant potential to increase regional income in Indonesia. This can be achieved through various means, such as increasing the number of tourists, increasing the length of stay, developing special interest tourism, and improving service quality. Tourism development can also provide other benefits to the region, including job creation, increased community income, and cultural preservation. The existence of the Batang Integrated Industrial Zone (KITB) is expected to increase tourist visits to Celong Beach, both domestic and international. Policies that can be implemented to manage the impact of industrial activity on tourism include: developing stricter environmental regulations, improving infrastructure and access to tourist destinations, intensifying tourism promotion, implementing environmental impact mitigation programs, and developing sustainable tourism

The potential of industrial fruit processing wastes for nutritional and bioactive applications was evaluated. A survey of four major fruit processors in Sri Lanka identified pineapple (Ananas comosus), mango (Mangifera indica L.), papaya (Carica papaya), and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) as the most processed fruits, generating waste yields of 69.98%, 50.07%, 48.41%, and 61.21%, respectively, primarily as peels, seeds, and bagasse. Analysis of dehydrated wastes revealed crude protein (0.50-25.94%), crude fat (0.36%-28.16%), and crude fiber (12.97-43.10%). Essential minerals (K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu) were present, while toxic metals were mostly below permissible limits. Phytochemical evaluation showed total phenolic contents of 1.85-9.47mg Gallic Acid Equivalents/g and flavonoids of 1.38-21.82mg Rutin Equivalents/g. Total antioxidant capacity ranged from 1.85-25.54mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalents/g, and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50) ranged from 0.53-54.18mg Acetic Acid Equivalent/mL. Mango and papaya peels, along with mango seed kernels, exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, consistent with their phenolic and flavonoid levels. These results indicate that industrial fruit wastes are nutrient- and bioactive-rich materials, offering significant potential for functional food and nutraceutical applications, contributing to waste valorization and sustainable food processing.

ABSTRACT The high rate of employee turnover at Bento Kopi Semarang has become a concern that negatively affects service quality, particularly because newly hired employees require an adjustment period to adequately master their job responsibilities. This situation indicates potential issues related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment, which may contribute to increased employee turnover intention. This study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment with turnover intention among employees of Bento Kopi Semarang. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a correlational design, involving 30 employees from the waiter, barista, and kitchen divisions selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. The findings reveal that job satisfaction and organizational commitment have a negative and significant relationship with turnover intention, both partially and simultaneously. These results indicate that higher levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment are associated with a lower tendency for employees to intend to leave the organization. Therefore, enhancing job satisfaction and strengthening organizational commitment are strategic factors that should be considered by management in efforts to reduce turnover intention and improve employee retention. ABSTRAK Tingginya tingkat turnover karyawan di Bento Kopi Semarang menjadi persoalan yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas pelayanan, terutama karena karyawan baru membutuhkan waktu adaptasi untuk menguasai pekerjaan. Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan adanya permasalahan pada aspek kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi yang berpotensi meningkatkan turnover intention karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi dengan turnover intention pada karyawan Bento Kopi Semarang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional, melibatkan 30 karyawan dari divisi waiter, barista, dan kitchen yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi memiliki hubungan negatif dan signifikan dengan turnover intention, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi, semakin rendah kecenderungan karyawan untuk memiliki niat keluar dari organisasi. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan kepuasan kerja dan penguatan komitmen organisasi menjadi faktor strategis yang perlu diperhatikan manajemen dalam upaya menekan turnover intention dan meningkatkan retensi karyawan.

4-Chromanone is a biologically important heterocyclic scaffold found in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Traditional syntheses of 2-substituted 4-chromanones often rely on high-temperature peroxide initiation, transition-metal catalysis, or complex photocatalytic systems, limiting functional-group tolerance and sustainability. Herein, we report a Giese-type strategy for direct C-H functionalization of chromone derivatives, where chromones act as both substrates and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagents to active inert C(sp3)-H bonds and P-H bonds under mild, metal-free conditions. Upon light irradiation, chromones form triplet states that mediate HAT for diverse substrates, including ethers, esters, alcohols, alkanes, sulfides, and arylphosphines. The resulting radicals are captured by ground-state chromones, efficiently affording 2-substituted 4-chromanones. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory calculations support the radical-mediated pathway, and the method avoids the use of metal catalysts, external redox mediators, or photocatalysts, highlighting its scalability and sustainable potential.

The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a globally important pest. Isocycloseram (a novel isooxazoline) and fluralaner (a benzamide/sulfonamide) are novel insecticides. A Hainan-resistant population (HNR), exhibited 459- and 316-fold resistance to isocycloseram and fluralaner, respectively, compared with a Yunnan susceptible population (YNS). Synergist bioassays and enzyme activity analyses indicated that enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity contributed to resistance. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that CYP6CY3 was upregulated 16.4- and 10.8-fold in HNR compared with YNS. RNA interference of CYP6CY3 significantly restored susceptibility to both insecticides. In vitro recombinant enzyme assays confirmed CYP6CY3-mediated metabolism of isocycloseram and fluralaner, and gene copy number analysis demonstrated a 7.09-fold amplification. These results reveal CYP6CY3-mediated cross-resistance to isocycloseram and fluralaner, representing the first mechanistic evidence of isoxazoline resistance in M. persicae.