Weinan Normal University

Lipid metabolism is critical for seed germination, directly impacting their nutritional value as a food raw material. Conventional methods for oil analysis are destructive and fail to determine oil distribution. This study evaluated the feasibility of using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) coupled with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-destructive approach for monitoring oil changes in germinating oilseeds. Four representative oilseed varieties - herbaceous (peanut, soybean) and woody (camellia, almond) - were investigated to analyze oil changes during germination. The accuracy of LF-NMR was validated against Soxhlet extraction and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results revealed that herbaceous seeds exhibited rapid oil mobilization germination, whereas woody seeds showed slower oil consumption. High correlations were observed between LF-NMR method and conventional method/CLSM imaging method (R2 > 0.9). Notably, MRI-imaging oil ratio demonstrated the highest accuracy in quantifying both oil content and distribution. Greenness evaluation results show that LF-NMR is the greenest method for sample preparation and measurement process. These findings confirm LF-NMR as an effective method for non-destructive monitoring of oil content and distribution during seed germination, which holds significant application potential in areas such as food raw material quality assessment and the optimization of oilseed processing pretreatment. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Negative physical sensation (i.e., negative reactions to the physical sensations with exercise) refers to the perception and attitude toward one's own physical health and exercise capacity under a specific stressful situation. It is affected by potentially stressful situations, negative emotions, and avoidance coping strategies, and it has an important influence on individual behavior. In the stress situation, the avoidance strategy of cognition, emotion and behavior caused by emotional disorder is called experiential avoidance. Negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance, as negative cognitive and emotional regulation methods, play an important role in behavior orientation and emotional disorders. These factors may elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to the onset and perpetuation of sports anxiety. The present study investigates the role of negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance in anxiety during endurance exercise contexts, with a view to elucidating their underlying mechanisms. In order to this end, a study was conducted on 262 non-athlete college students from western China, who were subjected to endurance exercise anxiety scenarios. The survey encompassed acceptance and action, non-cognitive factors in adolescent competitive athletes, and sports behavior. Related statistics were analyzed and the mediating effect was tested by the nonparametric percentile bootstrap method of deviation correction. Taking exercise anxiety as dependent variables, the structural equation model (R=0.61, R2=0.38) was established, and the mediating effect was tested by the nonparametric percentile bootstrap method of deviation correction. A total of 262 college students participated in the survey. The average age of participants was 19.29years, with 170 females (64.9%) and 92 males (36.1%). The average BMI for female students was 21.59±4.33 (mean±standard deviation). The average BMI for male students was 22.22±4.21. The findings of the regression analysis suggest that endurance exercise behavior negatively predicts negative physical sensations (β=-0.48, p<0.001), negative physical sensation positively predicts experiential avoidance (β=0.34, p<0.001) and exercise anxiety (β=0.34, p<0.001), and experiential avoidance positively predicts exercise anxiety (β=0.25, p<0.001). Taking exercise anxiety as a dependent variable and endurance exercise behavior, negative physical sensations, and experiential avoidance as independent variables, a structural equation model (SEM) is established. And path analysis and structural equation modeling are used to examine mediating effects. The results indicate that the standard indirect effect value of Path 1 (endurance exercise→negative physical sensation→exercise anxiety) was β=-0.041, 95% CI=[-0.077, -0.018], accounting for 10.22% of the total indirect effect. Bootstrap 95% confidence interval did not contain 0, indicating that the mediating effect was significant. The standard indirect effect value of Path 2 (endurance exercise→negative physical sensation→experiential avoidance→exercise anxiety) was β=-0.178, 95% CI=[-0.259, -0.109], accounting for 44.39% of the total effect. Bootstrap 95% confidence interval did not contain 0, indicating that the mediating effect was significant. A substantial correlation was identified among endurance exercise, negative physical sensation, experiential avoidance, and exercise anxiety. Negative physical sensations and experiential avoidance significantly predict anxiety behaviors during endurance exercise. Furthermore, they have been shown to play mediating and chain-mediating roles between endurance exercise and exercise anxiety.

ABSTRACT A series of composites C x PMo 4 @MIL‐100(Fe) ( x = 4, 8, 12, and 16) were synthesized via one‐pot solvothermal method, characterized by various techniques, and employed as catalyst for extraction oxidation desulfurization of multicomponent simulated fuel. Among them, C 8 PMo 4 @MIL‐100(Fe) exhibited optimal catalytic activity, achieving 99.8% total desulfurization efficiency within 60 min under the optimal conditions. In addition, the desulfurization efficiency decreased in the sequence DBT &gt; 4‐MDBT &gt; 4,6‐DMDBT &gt; BT, which was attributed to the interplay between steric hindrance and electron density of the sulfide molecules. Furthermore, C 8 PMo 4 @MIL‐100(Fe) exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining an efficiency of over 92% after six consecutive cycles. These findings emphasize the crucial role of adjusting the interaction between polyoxomolybdenum and metal–organic frameworks to achieve efficient and sustainable fuel desulfurization, and provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of high‐performance heterogeneous catalysts.

Protein lysine acetylation regulates diverse biological functions. This study investigated the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) treatment on apple fruit quality. HDACi treatment markedly reprogrammed gene expression, upregulating pathways for cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis. In "Red Delicious", treatment altered aroma profiles, increasing alcohols and aldehydes while decreasing esters. Notably, HDACi enhanced peel wax content and strongly induced MdMYB96. Functional analyses revealed that MdMYB96 activates multiple wax biosynthetic genes; its silencing reduced the wax load, while overexpression in Arabidopsis increased wax accumulation and reduced water loss. Furthermore, across eight apple cultivars, denser epicuticular wax structures correlated with higher wax gene expression and better postharvest water retention. These findings demonstrate that inhibiting histone deacetylase reshapes the balance between wax metabolism and aroma production with MdMYB96 serving as a key regulator. Thus, manipulating histone acetylation offers a promising strategy to improve apple wax biosynthesis and modify volatile profiles.