Wellcome Collection

Printing in early modern England was held under the monopoly of the Stationers’ Company with members entering books into a Register. In attempting to reconstruct the print industry of early modern London, the Register provides crucial evidence of works that were printed but can no longer be traced to an extant copy. Printed dramatic works, especially those with famous writers, survive well; during the period 1557–1640, 80% of playbook entries can be traced to a surviving copy. But what about other works of prose and verse which were published alongside plays and interludes? This chapter shows how the Stationers’ Company Register can be used as a source for lost print, revealing the lost poems, playbills and stories created and consumed by the writers, printers and players.

As seen in the previous chapters, the term ‘participatory archives’ encom - passes a wide range of archival approaches, with some grounded in new technologies and others adaptations of more traditional approaches. While this volume is divided into distinct sections, the discussions therein highlight the often overlapping nature of participatory archives – innovative and traditional, expanding and reinforcing archival theory, digital and analogue, and sui generis and heterogeneous. Participatory archives cannot, therefore, be reduced to a single entity or type. They must be viewed in their totality as multiple dimensions of a broader movement of engagement.

Created Out of Mind is an interdisciplinary project, comprised of individuals from arts, social sciences, music, biomedical sciences, humanities and operational disciplines. Collaboratively we are working to shape perceptions of dementias through the arts and sciences, from a position within the Wellcome Collection. The Collection is a public building, above objects and archives, with a porous relationship between research, museum artefacts, and the public. This pre-planning framework will act as an introduction to Created Out of Mind. The framework explains the rationale and aims of the project, outlines our focus for the project, and explores a number of challenges we have encountered by virtue of working in this way.

Introduction The Wellcome Library is one of the world's major resources for the study of medical history. We are primarily a special collections library, with a wide range of materials dating from ancient times to the present day. We embarked on a long-term mass digitisation programme in 2010, and over the past six years we have digitised – and worked with our partners to digitise – over 25 million images as well as hundreds of hours of digital video. We also collect born-digital archival and published works and clinical and biomedical digital imagery. ‘Good health makes life better. We want to improve health for everyone by helping great ideas to thrive.’ Guided by this core philosophy of the Wellcome Trust, of which we are a part, the Library's aim becomes clear: to create an environment for these great ideas to thrive. To do this we showcase a diversity of experiences of health across time and in different cultures and settings and make it possible for people to understand those experiences better. We can only achieve this by maximising the reach and impact of our collections. ‘Going digital’ is not enough – we must also ensure that all our digital assets are as open and accessible as possible, embracing the diversity in our audiences, and ensuring that we don't construct barriers where there need be none. This thread runs through everything we do – from collecting our materials, to describing, arranging and classifying them, to our user interface design and system development – and connects us to our users, their ideas and their creations. Open licensing is a key strategy to keeping this thread intact. Unlocking 20th-century content The limited availability of 20th-century material online – the so-called 20thcentury ‘black hole’– is a particular pain point for any cultural heritage institution wishing to open up its collections to a public audience (or any audience). This was the case before the EU Directive on Orphan Works and the UK implementation of the Orphan Works Licensing scheme, and it remains the case today. The risk to collection holders of orphan works are only a part of the problem.

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This report examines a technique for measurement of axial vertebral rotation using magnetic resonance imaging. To assess the reproducibility of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in the measurement of vertebral rotation at individual endplates in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Deformity in the sagittal and coronal planes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can be readily assessed from plain radiographs, but the degree of deformity in the axial plane is more difficult to determine. Plain film techniques have inherent inaccuracies because of loss of definition of anatomic landmarks, and the use of computed tomography is limited by the high radiation dose associated. Magnetic resonance imaging provides a means of imaging scoliotic deformity that allows multiplanar reconstruction and that involves no use of ionizing radiation. Ten patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were imaged in a Siemens 1-Tesla impact scanner. Three-dimensional volume images of the apical five vertebrae were obtained in the axial plane and were postprocessed through multiplanar reconstruction. Sections through the superior and inferior endplates of each vertebra were selected in the sagittal and coronal planes, allowing axial reconstructions to be obtained in the plane of each endplate. Vertebral rotation was measured by identifying datum points on the inner surfaces and at the junction of the laminas and comparing the angle subtended by these points with a vertical drawn by the computer. Measurements were obtained from the single scanning sequence on two occasions by one observer and on one occasion by a second observer. Interobserver and intraobserver error was evaluated and correlation with readings obtained from plain films using Perdriolle's torsiometer method assessed. The interobserver variation had a mean of 3.02 degrees (range, 0-10 degrees) and a 95% confidence interval of [2.51 degrees, 3.53 degrees]. The intraobserver variation had a mean of 2.56 degrees (range, 0-7 degrees) and a 95% confidence interval of [1.83 degrees, 3.29 degrees]. The mean difference between measurements obtained from magnetic resonance imaging and plain film was 3.29 degrees (range, 0-12 degrees) with a 95% confidence interval of [1.43 degrees, 5.15 degrees]. The degree of vertebral rotation can be accurately and reproducibly assessed by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Measurements can be made through individual endplates that allow assessment of the relative amount of intervertebral and intravertebral deformity.