West Fraser (Canada)

SinoNasal Microbiota Transfer (SNMT) was safe with immediate benefit in all recipients, with sustained improvement in two of three recipients for up to 180 days. The addition of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy worsened chronic rhinosinusitis. These promising SNMT results warrant further study of safety and efficacy.

IntroductionThe importance of including people affected by research (e.g., community members, citizens or patient partners) is increasingly recognized across the breadth of institutions involved in connecting research with action. Yet, the increasing rhetoric of inclusion remains situated in research systems that tend to reward traditional dissemination and uphold power dynamics in ways that centre particular (privileged) voices over others. In research explicitly interested in doing research with those most affected by the issue or outcomes, research teams need to know how to advance meaningful inclusion. This study focused on listening to voices often excluded from research processes to understand what meaningful inclusion looks and feels like, and asked what contributes to being or feeling tokenized.MethodsIn this deliberative dialogue study, 16 participants with experience of navigating social exclusions and contributing to research activities reflected on what makes for meaningful experiences of inclusion. Using a co‐production approach, with a diversely representative research team of 15 that included patient and community partners, we used critically reflective dialogue to guide an inclusive process to study design and implementation, from conceptualization of research questions through to writing.ResultsWe heard that: research practices, partnerships and systems all contribute to experiences of inclusion or exclusion; the insufficiency or absence of standards for accountability amplifies the experience of exclusion; and inclusive practices require intention, planning, reflection and resources.ConclusionsWe offer evidence‐informed recommendations for the deeply relational work and practices for inclusivity, focused on promising practices for cultivating welcoming systems, spaces and relationships.Patient or Public ContributionThis work reflects a co‐production approach, where people who use and are affected by research results actively partnered in the research process, including study design, data‐generating activities, analysis and interpretation, and writing. Several of these partners are authors of this manuscript.

Delineating relevant local populations of widely distributed species is a common challenge in conservation ecology. Caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are in general decline throughout their global range, despite ongoing conservation efforts. In Canada, recovery actions for the threatened boreal population of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are stratified by ‘local population units’ (LPUs) on ranges distributed across 2.4 × 10 km2 of the species’ geographic range. To estimate local population dynamics, LPUs are assumed to be geographically closed, though supporting evidence varies widely. We assembled an exceptionally large database of GPS telemetry locations (891,306 telemetry days, 1998–2020) from 1586 adult female caribou across the 19 northwesternmost LPUs. We generated a many-to-many Gaussian Bayesian Network to identify candidate local populations at range-level extents, as well as subpopulations, termed ‘communities’ in network analysis. We detected local population boundaries that in some cases were consistent with accepted LPUs and consistent with the assumption of geographic closure. In other cases, local population boundaries did not map well to currently delineated LPUs. Several communities at smaller spatial extents were consistent with expert and local knowledge of caribou movements and support recovery planning and actions “stepped down” from entire ranges. Evidence consistent with population fragmentation was confirmed along the southern and southwestern boundaries of the species’ geographic range within the study area, as were more continuous distributions confirmed to the north. We suggest that network analysis can help to inform conservation planning for boreal caribou and other wide-ranging species that would benefit from data-driven characterizations of multiscale population spatial structure.

Background: A significant rise in the rate of overdose deaths in British Columbia (BC), driven by fentanyl contamination of the illicit drug supply, led to the declaration of a public health emergency in 2016. Those at greatest risk of death are people who use alone. This community-based participatory action research study based in the Fraser East region of BC study aimed to overview underlying factors that contribute to unwitnessed overdoses in semi-urban and rural settings. Methods: This descriptive study used a community-based participatory action research model with peer research associates (PRAs) involved at various research stages. In total, 22 interviews were conducted with participants aged 19 and over who used illicit drugs in the Fraser East since the start of the public health emergency in 2016. A collaborative data analysis approach was taken for data interpretation, and content analysis was performed to explore themes surrounding using alone. Results: Among people who use drugs (PWUD), using alone was found to be influenced by (a) the availability of drugs and personal funds, (b) personal safety, (c) stigma and shame, (d) protecting privacy, (e) mental health conditions and addiction, and (f) the lack of engagement with harm reduction services. At times, using alone was due to unforeseen, episode-specific situations. Conclusion: A multi-dimentional and context-specific approach is needed in overdose prevention and response for people who use drugs alone. There is need for enhanced approaches that address or include support services for families to reduce stigma and isolation of those at risk of an overdose.

A modified Delphi method was used to establish consensus. Subject matter experts were invited to participate as the expert panel. Best practice statements were distributed to the panel. Panel members were asked to mark "agree" or "disagree" after a series of statements during several rounds until either consensus could be obtained or the practice method was deemed unable to achieve consensus. Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) is acknowledged as an alternative to spinal fusion in appropriately selected patients. There is a lack of unanimity on the appropriate postoperative patient protocols and rehabilitation expectations for the procedure. The long-term viability of Lumbar TDR, further adoption in the community setting and specific patient outcomes are contingent on the existence of appropriate postoperative recovery programs. Currently there are no established methods for postoperative care following lumbar TDR. Establishing a postoperative clinical pathway algorithm may improve patient outcomes with respect to lumbar TDR. A lumbar TDR expert panel of 22 spine surgeons employed a modified Delphi method to drive consensus on postoperative care following single-level Lumbar TDR. The panel first reviewed literature and guidelines relevant to postoperative care following lumbar TDR. Panel members considered 21 survey questions intended to determine "standard-practice" postoperative care recommendations for patients who have undergone lumbar TDR for the initial recovery phase (0-4 wk) and rehabilitation (4-20 wk). Each panel member participated in a round of anonymous voting followed by a group discussion. Consensus was defined as 80% agreement or higher among the respondents. Consensus was achieved in 11 of the 21 survey questions. There was a high degree of consensus around the key goals for both the initial recovery and rehabilitation phases, ceased use of narcotics for pain management by 4 weeks postoperative, unrestricted walking immediately following surgery, timelines for physical therapy (within 2-4 wk) and return to work based on level of activity (as early as 1 wk postoperative). Lack of agreement included the use of back bracing and timing of postoperative visits. Generally, panel members felt that patient expectations regarding return to function were different following lumbar TDR versus fusion and warrant further study. Surgeon and patient alignment around postoperative expectations may significantly affect the long-term results of lumbar TDR. This surgeon consensus study found agreement for immediate postoperative ambulation, rapid reduction in opioids within the first month, and early return to work. When expectations are appropriately set with patients preoperatively, both provider and patient have shared goals in the return-to-function process. 5.

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) and digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) have both been demonstrated as reliable sources of information on forest stand inventory attributes. The increasing availability of both datasets provides a means for improving stand dynamics information over time; however, the cost of multi-temporal ALS can be prohibitive in some circumstances. As a result, a combination of ALS at an initial time step and subsequent updates using DAP has been proposed as a cost-effective alternative for maintaining forest inventories. In this study we used low density ALS and DAP point clouds acquired in 2007 and 2015, respectively, to quantify changes in forest structure, in a highly disturbed boreal mixedwood forest in Alberta, Canada. We examined the capacity of the two technologies to model changes in top height (H), volume (V), and basal area (BA) using both direct and indirect approaches for estimation. Results indicate that the proportion of explained variance (adjusted R2) for the models derived from the ALS (Time 1; T1) and DAP (Time 2; T2) data were highest for models predicting H at T1, and lowest for BA at T1 and T2 (R2 was 0.66–0.70). The indirect estimates of change in H, BA, and V were calculated by subtracting the T1 and T2 predictions. For the direct approach, separate regression models were developed that used the differences in point cloud metrics between T1 and T2 as predictors. Results indicated that the accuracy of the estimates generated using the indirect approach were markedly lower than the estimates generated using the direct approach, with especially poor results for ∆BA and ∆V. Best results were achieved for ∆H using the direct approach with an R2 coefficient of 0.65 and an root mean square error (RMSE)% of 190.06%. We found that the error associated with change estimates of H, BA and V increased with the increase or decrease in mortality. We conclude that forest managers should act carefully when applying the multi-temporal and multi-sensor analysis of forest growth if forest growth is slow and the level of mortality is high.

The discovery that most plant-bugs emit, when disturbed, a kind of highly penetrant and nauseous odour is not of recent origin. However, it has since then been thought that the presence of such odoriferous scents exists probably in direct adaptation to the needs and habits of their possessors. The frequent occurrence of such an odour consequently stirred the curiosity of the earlier workers to determine the exact source of this scent. No documentary account of such an attempt was, however, available until 1833 when Leon Dufour published an account of the anatomy and physiology of Hemiptera. It was thus revealed by him that the real source of the odour was actually a gland, on each side, in the ventral part of the metathorax, opening to the exterior by means of very small apertures, lying one on each side of the metasternum between the second and third pairs of legs. He worked on many hemipterous bugs, and inCimex lectulariusmentions, for the first time, in addition to the glands, a median reservoir which may be oval or round and membranous in appearance. Dufour's publication gave further impetus to the following workers, and thereafter we find persistent attempts having heen made from time to time to work out the morphology of the glands. It may be mentioned that in view of the later discoveries of the chemical nature and the odour of the secretion in various insects, the use of the term Scent-apparatus would be more precise than stink or repugnatorial scent-apparatus, employed by most of the workers up to this day, for the secretion is not repugnant in many insects; in some it has even an agreeable odour like that of ripe bananas or ether. Brindley (1930) also seems to prefer the use of the term Scent-apparatus.