Westfalen-Kolleg

The central theme of this article is Alexander Baron’s historical novel Queen of the East (GB 1956). The main goal is to prove to what extent the modern author’s description of the heroine, the Palmyrene Queen Zenobia, is shaped by the 19th century discourses of orientalism by which means the ancient ruler is turned into an harem girl. Moreover, the text and its paratexts are interpreted against the background of the 1950s by addressing socio-political, economic, and cultural contexts. As a result, it can be proven that the 1956 portrait of Zenobia serves different purposes: on the one hand her story can be labelled escape fiction for the reader as well as for the author (who had to cope with some identity problems because of his Jewishness), on the other hand the book might be read as a tutorial in contemporary female subordination.

The Region Connection Calculus (RCC theory) is a well-known spatial representation of topological relations between regions. It claims that the connection relation is primitive in the spatial domain. We argue that the connection relation is indeed primitive to the spatial relations, although in RCC theory there is no room for distance relations. We first analyze some aspects of the RCC theory, e.g. the two axioms in the RCC theory are not strong enough to govern the connection relation, regions in the RCC theory cannot be points, the uniqueness of the \(\iota \) operation in the theory is not guaranteed, etc. To solve some of the problems, we propose an extension to the RCC theory by introducing the notion of region category and adding a new axiom which governs the characteristic property of the connection relation. The extended theory is named as RCC++. We support the claim that the connection relation is primitive to spatial domain by showing how distance relations, size relations are developed in RCC++. At last we revisit a sub-family of un-intended models in RCC theory, argue that RCC++ is more suitable than RCC with regards to its original intended model, and discuss the representation limitation of the RCC, as well as RCC++.

Until now, the term 'Farming for Health' is unknown in Germany but it would cover a wide spectrum of different kinds of social agriculture already existing in Germany, such as farms that integrate disabled people or drug therapy into their farming system, or farms that integrate children, pupils or older people. Relevant work in Germany is done in 'Sheltered Workshops', where supporting and healing powers of farming and gardening are used for disabled people with a diversity of work possibilities. Relevant activities also take place in work-therapy departments using horticultural therapy and in animal- assisted therapy. There are an estimated number of 1000 different projects for mentally ill, disabled and elderly people in hospitals, Sheltered Workshops, on farms and other projects in Germany with a multitude of individual work places. The upcoming idea of Farming for Health may be met by the term 'multifunctionality' as one of the future goals of agriculture: to combine the production of cash crops with social functions, like providing space for recreation, care for landscapes and care for disabled people. Research showed that farms that work together with clients in their farming system have more time and financial support to integrate aims like caring for biotopes and landscape measures into their work schedule.

One hundred and twenty three analyses for rocks, matrixes of porphyritic rocks and accessory minerals (sphene, zircon, tourmaline) from crustal (including tourmaline granites), calc-alkaline and rapakivi granites from the State of Sao Paulo, SE Brazil, are presented, compared and discussed. By zircon typology, these granites belong to the lineages 3,4a, 4b, and 5 in Pupin's (1980) classification. The data show large influence of sphene, zircon, and tourmaline in the shape of the whole rock REE pattern of the, respectively, crustal/calc-alkaline, rapakivi and tourmaline granites. The matrixes of porphyritic rocks show higher REE contents than the whole rocks; the zircons from different granitoids lineages have REE contents proportional to those of the host rocks, and in the tourmaline granites the REE contents reflect clearly the modal percentage of this accessory mineral. The mean REE contents in these rocks increase progressively along the lineage sequence 3, 4a, 4b and 5. The data also show the active participation of accessory minerals in the fractional crystallization of granitic magmas and that the interpretation of the REE pattern of granitoids is a complex task which requires not only whole rock data but also those of REE concentration in accessory minerals or chemical data which allow to trace their behaviour during magma evolution.

Die Vereinigten Elektrizitatswerke Wesfalen (VEW) sind eines der grosten regionalen Strom- und Gasversorgungsunternehmen (GVU) der Bundesrepublik. Das GVU bezieht als Kunde Erdgas von der Ferngasgesellschaft. Der zu zahlende Gaspreis richtet sich neben der Gesamthohe der bezogenen Jahresmenge auch nach den im Jahresverlauf aufgetretenen hochsten Tagesbezugsmengen. Aus dem bestehenden Gaslieferungsvertrag last sich daher eine wirtschaftlich optimale Tagesbezugsmenge ermitteln. Die taglich bezogene Gasmenge sollte diese Bezugsgrenze nicht uberschreiten aber moglichst genau erreichen.

The emissions of nitrogen oxides are much higher with the combustion of fossil fuels containing organic bound nitrogen compounds than with clean fuels like natural gas and light distillate oil. During combustion the fuel-bound nitrogen can be converted partly or totally into nitrogen oxides, these causing the higher emissions.

In den folgenden 3 Beitragen wird uber die praktische Anwendung von Warmepumpen berichtet. In den ersten beiden Projekten werden eine elektrische und eine gasmotorisch betriebene Warmepumpe vorgestellt. In beiden Fallen dienen die Warmepumpen zur Raumheizung und Warmwasserbereitung von rd. 60 Wohnungen im sozialen Wohnungsbau. Die Heizleistung betragt jeweils ca. 400 kW. Zusatzlich wird eine Durchfuhrbarkeitsstudie vorgestellt, bei dem durch eine Warmepumpe mit Dieselmotorantrieb eine Heizleistung von 10 MW erzeugt wird.