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The intelligence activities in the Nordic countries of Norway, Denmark and Sweden have for a number of years evaded the attention of scholars. The Nordic Area offers an interesting case since the countries, despite their relative small size, did play a role for the intelligence services of the socialist countries. The operative challenges for the foreign intelligence agencies of these countries were immense; not only did they have to spend considerable resources building professional intelligence organizations at home, they also needed to acquire linguistic and cultural knowledge enabling them to establish networks in Scandinavia.