Winbond (Taiwan)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan strategi pembelajaran aktif dan kinestetik guna meningkatkan perkembangan dan keterampilan siswa secara menyeluruh, baik fisik, sosial, emosional, maupun kognitif pada siswa kelas III SD Negeri 41 Ambon Tahun Ajaran 2024/2025. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif antara guru dan peneliti, dimana peneliti bertindak sebagai pelaksana pembelajaran, dan guru kelas III bertindak sebagai observer. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas III SD Negeri 41 Ambon yang berjumlah 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam perkembangan menyeluruh siswa. Pada siklus I, perkembangan fisik mencapai 68%, sosial 64%, emosional 62%, dan kognitif 66% (kategori sedang). Sedangkan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi fisik 92%, sosial 88%, emosional 90%, dan kognitif 94% (kategori sangat baik). Dengan demikian, penerapan strategi pembelajaran aktif dan kinestetik terbukti efektif meningkatkan perkembangan dan keterampilan siswa kelas III SD Negeri 41 Ambon secara holistik melalui proses belajar yang melibatkan keaktifan tubuh dan pikiran secara seimbang.

Pakistan’s economic development strategy has been heavily centered on infrastructure expansion, with major investments channeled into large-scale projects such as highways, power plants, and industrial zones, particularly under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). While these initiatives are vital for improving physical connectivity and energy access, they have not been matched by equivalent efforts to build and retain a qualified and skilled workforce. This lopsided approach threatens to undermine the sustainability and effectiveness of infrastructure projects. This manuscript explores the short- and long-term implications of underinvestment in human capital, including missed economic opportunities, a widening skills gap, and increasing dependency on foreign labor. By applying Human Capital Theory and analyzing empirical data from national and international sources, the study identifies systemic challenges such as inadequate education spending, talent migration, and limited vocational training capacity. The findings indicate that these issues collectively constrain Pakistan’s growth potential and exacerbate inequality. The paper concludes with targeted policy recommendations to align workforce development with infrastructural growth, emphasizing the urgent need for education reform, technical training expansion, talent retention incentives, and integrated planning. By prioritizing human capital alongside infrastructure, Pakistan can chart a path toward inclusive, sustainable, and innovation-driven development.

Ghost schools in Pakistan represent a profound challenge to the country’s education system, posing significant threats to educational equity, resource allocation, and overall national development. These non-functional institutions, which exist only on paper but fail to operate in reality, drain billions of rupees from the country’s already constrained education budget. Meanwhile, millions of children—particularly in rural and marginalized communities—remain out of school, denied their fundamental right to education. The prevalence of ghost schools exacerbates existing disparities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality, and further widens the urban-rural divide in educational access and quality. Although this issue is most prominently associated with Pakistan, ghost schools are a global phenomenon, prevalent in other countries struggling with weak governance, systemic corruption, and inadequate oversight mechanisms. Nations such as Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Kenya have also experienced similar challenges, reflecting a broader pattern of educational mismanagement in regions where accountability systems are either fragile or absent. This paper examines the scope, root causes, and impact of ghost schools, with a primary focus on Pakistan’s unique challenges and circumstances. It highlights the deep systemic failures that allow ghost schools to persist, including corruption, political interference, and neglect of rural education. Furthermore, it evaluates the effectiveness of government-led and community-driven initiatives, such as biometric attendance systems, audits, GPS mapping, and public-private partnerships, in tackling this pervasive problem. Ultimately, this paper concludes by presenting actionable recommendations for structural reforms aimed at strengthening governance, enhancing community involvement, leveraging technology, and curbing corruption. By addressing these critical areas, Pakistan can ensure accountability in its education system, reclaim lost resources, and provide equitable access to education for all children, laying the groundwork for sustained national progress.

Lebong Regency Hospital is a Type C hospital that has been operating since 2015. Patient registration services are still manual, where patients register for treatment and are recorded in a register by staff. This results in long queues for services, which impacts patient satisfaction. The objective of this research is to design an outpatient registration information system in an effort to improve services in the registration department. The method used in this research is Microsoft Access software and a MySQL database using a Data Flow Diagram (DFD)-based system development method. The results of this research produce a registration information system to streamline the patient registration process, particularly in the outpatient unit. It is hoped that the hospital will implement the results of the outpatient registration information system design and conduct regular evaluations.

Hamstring strain injuries are common in sport. Supramaximal eccentric or high-intensity isometric contractions are favored in hamstring strain injury prevention. The effect of combining these contraction modes in such prevention programs as a poststretch isometric contraction is unknown. Poststretch isometric contractions incorporate an active stretch and result in greater final isometric force than isometric contractions at comparable joint angles. This study compared torque and muscle activation levels between maximal voluntary isometric contraction and maximal poststretch isometric contractions of the knee flexors. Participants (n = 9) completed baseline maximal voluntary isometric contraction at 150° knee flexion and maximal poststretch isometric contractions at 120° knee flexion actively stretching at 60°/s to 150° knee flexion for final isometric contraction. Torque of the knee flexors and surface electromyography root mean square (sEMGRMS) of biceps femoris long head were simultaneously recorded and compared between baseline and poststretch isometric at 150° knee flexion. Torque was 14% greater in the poststretch isometric condition compared with baseline maximal voluntary isometric contraction (42.45 [20.75]N·m, 14% [22.18%], P < .001) without increase in sEMGRMS of biceps femoris long head (-.03mV, ±.06, P = .130, d = .93). Poststretch isometric contractions resulted in supramaximal levels of poststretch isometric torque without increased activation of biceps femoris long head.

A series of complex HfO2/Al2O3 layer by layer resistive random access memory(RRAM) structure grown by atomic layer deposition are investigated. The modulation of forming voltage can be achieved by controlling the number of Al2O3 layers in HfO2 devices. In addition, the crystallization temperature of HfO2 based RRAM devices can also be improved by insetting Al2O3 layers in HfO2 film. Compared with pure HfO2 device, a significant improvement in resistive switching properties such as forming voltage variation and the distribution of HRS/LRS during resistance switching is demonstrated in the HfO2/Al2O3 layer by layer devices. Moreover, good endurance characteristic and highly reliable multibit operation are also achieved in this device structure.

The Ti/ZrO2/Pt resistive memory devices with one transistor and one resistor (1T1R) architecture are successfully fabricated in this letter. The tested devices show low operation current (20 μA), low switching voltage (set/reset, 0.8/-1 V), and reliable data retention for low-resistance state (LRS) with a 20-μA set current at 80°C (over ten years) via an excellent current limiter, namely, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). In addition, multilevel storage characteristics are also demonstrated by modulating the amplitude of the MOSFET gate voltage. The various LRS levels obtained are possibly attributed to the formation of different numbers and sizes of conducting filaments consisting of oxygen vacancies caused by an external electric field. Moreover, reproducible resistive switching characteristics up to 2000 switching cycles are achieved in the same device. Our 1T1R ZrO2-based resistive switching access memory with low-power and highly reliable multilevel operation has high potential for practical applications.

This study provides the valuation of mortgage insurance (MI) considering upward and downward jumps in housing prices, which display separate distributions and probabilities of occurrence, and the mortgage insurer’s default risk. The empirical results indicate that the asymmetric double exponential jump diffusion performs better than the log-normally distributed jump diffusion and the Black-Scholes model, generally used in previous literature, to fit the single-family mortgage national average of all home prices in the US. Finally, the sensitivity analysis shows that the MI premium is an increasing function of the normal volatility, the mean down-jump magnitudes, the shock frequency of the abnormal bad events, and the asset-liability structure of the mortgage insurer. In particular, the shock frequency of the abnormal bad events has the largest effect of all parameters on the MI premium. The asset-liability structure of the mortgage insurer and shock frequency of the abnormal bad events have a larger effect of all parameters on the default risk premium.

Wireless stations (WSs) in an IEEE 802.11 access network compete with each other for collective bandwidth offered by access points (APs). The competition involves selecting an AP with the consideration of potential link rate and workload status. From the perspective of system, a good AP selection policy should be stable, increase overall system throughput, and maintain bandwidth fairness among WSs. This paper models AP selections under the framework of game theory, where each WS's sole goal is to maximize its achievable throughput. The achievable throughput depends on not only the number of WSs that associate with the same AP but the set of link rates these WSs use as well. It is not a monotonically decreasing function of WS population when considering the effect of performance anomaly. We have proven the stability of this game (Nash equilibrium) and shown that selfish behavior of individual WSs in fact improves overall bandwidth fairness among WSs. Thorough simulations were conducted to demonstrate the validity of the analytical results and compare the performance of the proposed game with that of counterparts.