Wojskowy Instytut Techniki Pancernej i Samochodowej

Three-wheeled vehicles are gaining popularity in European and Asian cities due to their low cost, stability, maneuverability, and compact size. Among these, tilting vehicles facilitate cornering, maintain stability, and reduce centrifugal forces. This study investigates a delta-configured, three-wheeled tilting vehicle designed for people with reduced mobility. Vehicle dynamics were analyzed using ADAMS/Car simulations, including steady-state cornering and single-lane change tests, focusing on body motion and forces in suspension and steering systems. Results show that tilting of the body significantly enhances cornering safety compared to non-tilting three-wheelers, providing insights for designing efficient urban vehicles for diverse user groups.

This review surveys the past five years of research on energy-aware path optimization for both solar-powered and battery-only UAVs. First, the energy constraints of these two platforms are contrasted. Next, advanced computational frameworks—including model predictive control, deep reinforcement learning, and bio-inspired metaheuristics—are examined along with their hardware implementations. Recent studies show that hybrid methods combining neural networks with bio-inspired search can boost net energy efficiency by 15–25% while maintaining real-time feasibility on embedded GPUs or FPGAs. Among the remaining challenges are federated learning at the edge, multi-UAV coordination under partial observability, and field trials on ultra-long-endurance platforms like the Airbus Zephyr HAPS. Addressing these issues will accelerate the deployment of truly persistent and green aerial services.

The paper contains results of ballistic tests and material investigations on add–on armour in form of a panel composed only of two perforated plates made of nanobainitic steel and intended to protect the base armour against firing with small arms ammunition under multi–hit conditions relating to the third level of protection of STANAG 4569. Perforated plates were manufactured using nanobainitic steel characterised by hardness within the range of 565 HBW to 600 HBW, Rp0.2 > 1300 MPa and Rm > 2000 MPa. Based on the correlation of places where bullets hit the perforated plate with types of damage found in the perforated plates, and with traces located on the surface of the solid plate, critical areas characterised by a potentially lowest ballistic resistance were identified. A modification of the two–plate panel design made of nanobainitic perforated plates was developed to provide full protection of base armour against multi–hit perpendicular firing with ammunition assigned to the third level of protection of STANAG 4569.

The need to develop a national seating system to minimize the effects of mines exploding under the vehicle while maintaining its ergonomics is based on current demand. According to military experts, the greatest need among land-based cars will be for light armored vehicles equipped with various safety-enhancing systems over the next few years. Information from recently completed and currently ongoing hostilities indicates an urgent need to increase the protection of the health and lives of soldiers traveling in vehicles. An important aspect is the current state of equipment in vehicles that are on the equipment of the Polish Armed Forces. Foreign manufacturers of seats are rapidly improving the existing ones and developing new designs, which are very expensive and not always structurally adapted to the interiors of vehicles used in the Polish Armed Forces.

The evaluation of collision avoidance strategies for special-purpose unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) operating in dynamic environments with human presence is presented in this study. The autonomous wheeled vehicle equipped with an armament module for combat and reconnaissance tasks is described considering mission specifications and off-road usage scenarios. The main operational parameters are outlined, and the obstacle detection features integrated into the PERUN vehicle are introduced. The control system architecture is presented, along with installed sensors and their perception capabilities of surrounding object detection. Safety considerations in operational conditions where human presence force appropriate collision avoidance actions are discussed. Real field tests conducted in diverse weather and environmental conditions, such as industrial area and unstructured terrains, are shown to demonstrate the system's performance. Carried out tests show that the collision avoidance system enables obstacle detection and proving the effectiveness of steering strategies for the platform's navigation. The safe operation of unmanned systems in environments with human presence is crucial for the successful deployment and scalability of UGV technologies.

The development of road transport based on electric trucks requires appropriate charging infrastructure and the adaptation of service facilities to the specific demands of new technologies. This article aims to identify the hazards associated with operating charging stations and service facilities that cater to electric trucks. These facilities' technical, physical, and IT security aspects are discussed, and relevant legal regulations and technical standards are highlighted. The conclusions underscore the need for close collaboration among charging station operators, service facility operators, vehicle manufacturers, and market regulators.

The presented considerations cover selected issues from the area of ​​using information technology in the design and operation of technical objects. The essence of computer integration of individual tools that make up the production of a safe product is presented and selected computer-aided systems for maintaining the serviceability of objects are discussed. Examples of computer tools and procedures supporting safe operation are given, especially when using technical diagnostic methods. The indicated statistical procedures are particularly important in research on objects, where the multidimensionality of diagnostic signals requires the wide use of various statistical procedures at the processing and decision-making stages. For these tasks, the capabilities of the MATLAB program for determining the symptom matrix, software tools for reading and exporting files to the .unv format, the OPTIMUM method computer algorithm, the computer analysis of decomposition (SVD) algorithm and the program for analyzing the state matrix using the MAC theory are presented.

A steel wire rope, which comes in contact with the aircraft during the emergency landing procedure, is one of the main elements constituting a vital component of the aircraft arresting system. Currently, the technical condition of steel wire ropes in aircraft arresting systems is examined visually which has substantial limitations unfortunately. Authors have proposed further scope of steel wire rope examination that is the MTR magnetic method which is applied in other industries in order to improve the wire rope’s defects detection efficiency. Analysis of the test results proved the methodology is credible and the testing apparatus selected for the current rope in the aircraft arresting systems is highly effective. The results also confirm that the correctly applied steel wire rope exhibits high durability in any weather conditions at the airport and shows no signs of corrosion after expiration of its service life.

Nowadays military vehicles play an integral role in the transportation and protection of personnel and equipment ensuring safe and effective operations. The spectrum of threats ranges from high-velocity projectiles to the dangers posed by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). To evaluate the properties of individual materials, a stand for assessing the performance of vehicle armor plates under diverse condition was developed at the Military Institute of Armored and Automotive Technology (WITPIS). The test platform was designed to carry out multi-variant tests involving blast loading scenarios that impact the combat vehicle's chassis. The prepared testing procedure was proven through a series of tests using the Armox 500 plate. The achieved parameters were validated using a numerical model to confirm the acquired measurements.

Autonomous ground vehicles (AGV) have great potential for a wide range of applications, both in the civilian and military fields. Nowadays there is an interest in converting existing off-road vehicles into remotely controlled platforms with autonomous mode due to several benefits, including reducing the risk to human life, increasing efficiency and accuracy, and allowing the vehicles to operate in hazardous zones. Environmental perception technology plays a critical role in enabling the safe and effective operation during unmanned missions. This technology involves sensors, cameras, and other devices to gather information about the environment and provide the unmanned ground platform (UGV) with a perception of its surroundings. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the development of environmental perception systems, including the use of advanced sensors, machine learning algorithms, and other innovations have become a focus of research and development for many countries. This paper describes a combination of commercially available vision sensors, laser scanners and navigation modules for comprehensive understanding of operational environment, orientation, objects recognition during autonomous mode. Typical methods for vision and lidar-based obstacle detection and object classification for unmanned vehicles are described. The aim of the work was to examine in real environment the performance of a perception system that was configured using a daylight-thermal observation and stereo cameras, lidar sensor, GNSS module, radio links along with computing units. This system was evaluated in terms of performance of different sensors considering implementation for all terrain vehicle as subsystem for unmanned mode.