Wonkwang Digital University

Link prediction plays a vital role in the growth and sustainability of social and telecom networks by facilitating the formation of new connections and enhancing user engagement. In this context, m-polar fuzzy graphs provide a flexible framework for modeling complex networks with multiple interacting attributes. This study introduces an RMS index-based approach for link prediction in m-polar fuzzy graphs, where multi-polar membership degrees effectively capture the diverse influence patterns among non-adjacent nodes. The proposed index reflects the multidimensional nature of network interactions and supports a comprehensive analysis of structural dynamics. Theoretical properties of the method are examined to demonstrate its robustness. Practical applicability is illustrated through real-world scenarios such as matrimonial networking platforms, where multiple simultaneous influences are essential for meaningful relationship formation.

With population aging, the number of older adults living alone is increasing. Health literacy has an important effect on the health and quality of life of community-dwelling older adults, but the relationship between living alone and health literacy is unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between living alone and health literacy in community-dwelling older adults. A secondary data analysis of health literacy in community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years was performed using the 2023 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Health literacy was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors associated with health literacy. Of 1573 older adults (mean age, 72.2 years; mean health literacy score, 27.6 points), 409 (26.0%) lived alone, of whom 73.1% were women. Health literacy was directly associated with higher educational level (college or higher: β = 0.210, P < .001), being employed (β = 0.080, P = .002), and better subjective health status (good: β = 0.067, P = .038), and inversely associated with living alone (β = -0.064, P = .018), older age (β = -0.062, P = .035), and living in a rural area (β = -0.112, P < .001). Living alone was associated with a lower level of health literacy. Social support to improve health literacy in older adults should prioritize those living alone, living in rural areas, with lower educational levels, unemployed persons, and those with poor self-perceived health status.

The objective of this study is to verify the preventive effect of daily safety education on children by analyzing its influence on the improvement in their understanding, perceptions, and attitudes toward safety, when virtual reality (VR) is used. The use of VR-based tangible safety education is increasing. Thus, the effectiveness of VR stability education should be verified. This study was conducted for three months by selecting infants aged 4–5 years and their homeroom teachers enrolled in early childhood education institutions. After completing daily safety education using VR, questionnaires prepared by the teacher, comprising interviews and Q&amp;A with the infants, were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, F-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. It was found that (a) the preference for audiovisual and VR as effective teaching methods in early childhood educational institutions was high; (b) safety education using VR showed a positive correlation with children’s traffic safety perceptions and attitudes; and (c) immersion was found to be a significant factor influencing the perception and attitude of safety education. These findings suggest that various methods to implement and utilize safety education programs using VR should be explored. Finally, VR safety education improved preventive attitudes toward the safety of children.

Accompanying the advent of wireless networking and the Internet of Things (IoT), traditional augmented reality (AR) systems to visualize virtual 3D models of the real world are evolving into smart and interactive AR related to the context of things for physical objects. We propose the integration of AR and IoT in a complementary way, making AR scalable to cover objects everywhere with an acceptable level of performance and interacting with IoT in a more intuitive manner. We identify three key components for realizing such a synergistic integration: (1) distributed and object-centric data management (including for AR services); (2) IoT object-guided tracking; (3) seamless interaction and content interoperability. We survey the current state of these respective areas and herein discuss research on issues about realizing a future smart and interactive living environment.

Objectives : We search the contents about Bi disease in Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經), to analyze the significance of Bi disease, etiopathogenisis and pathogenesis of Bi disease, treatment of Bi disease. Methods : We find that the key feature of Bi disease is joint pain induced by impatency of Qi and blood. Exterior and interior etiological factors are involved in, such as exogenous evil of cold and dampness, emotional disorders, intemperance of taking food, dysfunction of yingqi and weiqi, strong or weak constitution, etc. Results : The important pathogenesis are invaded by exogenous evil because of deficiency, disharmony of yingqi and weiqi and disharmony of five viscera. The key points of treatments are the individual concerned therapy and climate concerned therapy, selecting the acupoint according to the differentiation of symptoms and signs. Conclusions : The combined therapy should be used such as acupuncture and moxibustion, hot application of medicine, massage, Daoyin, outside apply, etc. These supply the theory foundation for etiological factor, pathogenesis, syndrome and treatment, and to direct the diagnosis and treatment of Bi disease later generations.

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the traditional diet therapies for the period of postpartum recovery and lactation and to develop modern postpartum recovery foods. Korean traditional medical treatment for postpartum care focused on treating postpartum obesity, edema, agalactia was studied. Methods : We investigated the documents recorded in the medical classics of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集 成方)", "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" and "Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)" published in 1433, 1613 and 1885 respectively in the Joseon Dynasty. Results : First, Radix Angelicae Sinensis was most frequently used to treat the postpartum obesity, and a lot of nourishing herbs including Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Astragali, Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong were also used. Second, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalase, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens were used to treat the postpartum edema. Third, Radix Rhapontici, Medulla Tetrapanacis, Fructus Trichosanthis etc. were used to treat the postpartum agalactia. Conclusions : Consequently, we hope this study on the prescriptions and herbs for gynecology in "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)", "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" and "Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)" will provide knowledge for diet therapy model development of postpartum care of the modern times.