World Health Organization - Denmark

To examine the prevalence of comorbidities and the use of psychiatric comedication among individuals in medical treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in comparison to a matched control group from the general population. This nationwide case-control study included 1,082,378 Danish individuals aged 7-64 of whom 98,398 had at least one prescription of ADHD medication during 2023. Data was collected over an observation period spanning from 2013 to 2023. Cases were matched to controls (1:10) from the general population on birth year and sex. Data were obtained and accessed through The Danish Health Data Authority. Associations were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Somatic and particularly psychiatric comorbidities were more common among individuals in ADHD treatment across all age groups. Among those in ADHD treatment 46.7% had at least one comorbidity compared to 23.3% in the control group. The use of psychiatric comedications (besides ADHD medication) was likewise more common among individuals in ADHD treatment (32.7%) compared to the controls (7.2%). The association estimates from conditional logistic regression revealed a higher likelihood of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities among those in ADHD treatment in all age groups. Females in ADHD treatment had 4.48-4.50 times higher odds of comorbidities compared to females not in ADHD treatment (OR7 - 17 years = 4.48, 95% CI: 4.27-4.70; OR18 - 29 years = 4.50, 95% CI: 4.37-4.64). Similar patterns were observed for males but with slightly lower ORs (OR7 - 17 years = 2.35, 95% CI: 2.27-2.44; OR18 - 29 years = 3.38, 95% CI: 3.28-3.50). This study reveals that both prevalence of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities and the use of psychiatric comedication are significantly higher among individuals in ADHD treatment. The highest occurrence is seemingly among females aged 7-17 year and 18-29 years. The coexistence of ADHD with other somatic and psychiatric conditions can constitute a more complex disease burden, necessitating enhanced disease management strategies to reduce complications and enhance quality of life. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the temporal association of these results.

WKS 22: Building resilience: enhancing healthcare access for displaced populations, B309 (FCSH), September 4, 2025, 16:00 - 17:00Rationale and PurposeThis workshop examined key aspects of a coordinated health response to improve access to healthcare for refugees and individuals displaced from Ukraine under the EU Temporary Protection Directive (TPD)1. It highlighted both achievements and challenges encountered across the operationalization of the directive, within the framework of the joint EU4Health action: “Improving access to healthcare for refugees and people displaced from Ukraine benefitting of temporary protection in Member States” managed by the European Commission (EC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), and implemented in 10 European countries. 2Methods/Process of WorkshopThe session brought together institutional and field-level perspectives from EC, Ministry of Health of Czechia, NGO Equita, WHO and IOM, who shared their expertise, policy perspectives and experiences aimed at improving and promoting access to healthcare for all. Discussions focused on key themes including health workforce capacity, service accessibility and integration, viewed through the lens of resilience across diverse national contexts.Projected Learning OutcomesThe lessons learned disseminated were on the EU, WHO, and IOM unprecedented partnership to strengthen health systems in refugee-receiving countries and achieve the best health outcomes for host populations, and refugees and displaced people from Ukraine. At national and local levels, this partnership promoted identifying and tackling the barriers that hinder refugees’ and displaced people’s access to health services; while simultaneously, strengthening the capacity of health systems to meet the needs of displaced communities.

This study examines psychological processes during narrow-task artificial intelligence (NT-AI) implementation in radiological practice, focusing on how professionals cope with tensions arising from discrepancies between intended and experienced expertise practices with NT-AI. Such tensions may hold a particular threat to professionals’ sense of agency (SoA) and are therefore particularly important to address in a process of AI implementation. Using ethnographic methods across two Danish hospitals, we observe professionals’ typical coping strategies to core experiences of tension-based challenges: disruption, re-validation, vigilance, rejection, and practice transformation. We analyze these coping responses based on a typology of four distinct ideal types of human-AI collaboration: Parallel expertise, Forwarded expertise, Augmented expertise, and Collective expertise. Our study contributes to a nuanced understanding of human-AI collaboration by demonstrating how professionals adaptively navigate between these ideal types to transform their professional practice and reconstitute their SoA.

La vaccination est l'une stratégie de santé les plus efficace au monde pour l'amélioration de l’état de santé de la population. Cette étude vise à identifier les facteurs associés aux enfants zéro dose et sous immunisés dans le district sanitaire de Siguiri L’étude a porté sur les mères des enfants et les personnels de santé s'occupants des services de vaccination pendant la période du 1 er novembre au 5 décembre 2023. Il s'agit d'une étude observationnelle de type transversal à visée analytique. Le modèle de régression logistique multiple a été utilisé pour identifier les facteurs associés au seuil de 5%. L’étude a porté sur 415 mères des enfants et 65 personnels de santé s'occupants de la vaccination. La proportion des enfants zéro doses était de 45 % et les enfants sous immunisés étaient de 63 %. Les principaux facteurs associés aux enfants zéro dose et sous immunisés étaient : l’âge de la mère inférieur à 20 ans (OR=2,04 (1,66-2,27), p.value=0,001), le sexe de l'enfant féminin (OR=1,56 (1,22-2,17), p.value=0,001), la rupture des stocks de vaccin (OR=4,94 (2,34-5,12), p.value=0,002), le niveau socioéconomique du ménage (OR=2,65 (1,90-3,76), p.value=0,001 et l'absence des agents de santé (OR=3,94 (2,66-4,70), p.value=0,008). Cette étude suggère que l’âge de la mère, le niveau socioéconomique du ménage, le sexe de l'enfant, la rupture des stocks de vaccin et l'absence des agents de santé sont des principaux facteurs associés aux enfants zéro dose et sous immunisés dans le district sanitaire de Siguiri.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes more integrated into public governance, concerns about its transparency and accountability have become increasingly important. The use of AI in decision-making processes raises questions about bias, fairness, and the protection of individual fundamental rights. To ensure that AI is used in a way that upholds democratic values, it is essential to develop systems that are trustworthy, transparent, and accountable. Trusted AI allows citizens to have greater trust in public organizations and their decision-making processes, while it also enables public authorities and policy makers to be more transparent and accountable, providing citizens with greater visibility into how policies are developed. In addition, it encourages the use of AI in a way that promotes fairness and equity, ensuring that decision-making processes are unbiased and discrimination free against certain groups of individuals. This paper investigates how these desirable attributes can be developed in ways that are feasible and effective through the design of a holistic environment that incorporates AI and Big Data management mechanisms while preserving that the AI technology should be shaped around human rights, values, and societal needs. Societal change and evidence-based policies will be achieved through the extension of business and policy making processes with advanced approaches, such as eXplainable AI (XAI) and Situation-Aware Explainability (SAX). To this end, a novel approach is proposed, which will converge techniques and research on multiple domains, including social sciences, Trustworthy AI, Ethical AI, Big Data analytics, IoT, and blockchain into a unified ecosystem.

Abstract Background: Concerted effort to control malaria has had a substantial impact on transmission of the disease in the past two decades. In areas where reduced malaria transmission is being sustained through insecticide-based vector control interventions, primarily long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), non-insecticidal complementary tools will likely be needed to push towards malaria elimination. Once interruption in local disease transmission is achieved, insecticide-based measures can be scaled down gradually and eventually phased out, saving on costs of sustaining control programmes and mitigating any unintended negative health and environmental impacts posed by insecticides. These non-insecticidal methods could eventually replace insecticidal methods of vector control. House screening, a non-insecticidal method, has a long history in malaria control, but is still not widely adopted in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to add to the evidence-base for this intervention in low transmission settings by assessing the efficacy, impact and feasibility of house screening in areas where LLINs are conventionally used for malaria control. Methods: A two-armed, household randomized clinical trial will be conducted in Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe to evaluate whether combined use of house screens and LLINs affords better protection against clinical malaria in children between 6 months and 13 years compared to the sole use of LLINs. Eight hundred households will be enrolled in each study area, where 400 households will be randomly assigned the intervention, house screening and LLINs while the control households will be provided with LLINs only. Clinical malaria incidence will be estimated by actively following up one child from each household for 6 months over the malaria transmission season. Cross-sectional parasite prevalence will be estimated by testing all participating children for malaria parasites at the beginning and end of each transmission season using rapid diagnostic tests.CDC light traps and pyrethrum spray catches (PSC) will be used to sample adult mosquitoes and evaluate the impact of house screening on indoor mosquito density, species distribution and sporozoite rates.Discussion: This study will contribute epidemiological data on the impact of house screening on malaria transmission and assess the feasibility of its implementation on a programmatic scale. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered on 11th August 2020. Registration number PACTR202008524310568.

En dépit des efforts visant à promouvoir la vaccination et à rendre les services de vaccination facilement accessibles, les taux de couverture vaccinale demeurent inférieurs aux taux cibles de nombreux vaccins dans plusieurs administrations. Le Bureau régional de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) pour l’Europe a élaboré l’approche des Programmes de vaccination adaptés (programmes TIP) afin d’appuyer les efforts des différents pays pour parvenir à une utilisation des vaccins élevée et équitable. Dans la présente série d’articles du Centre canadien des ressources et d’échange sur les données probantes en vaccination (CANVax), nous présentons les principaux apprentissages tirés du cadre de la planification des programmes TIP afin d’aider les planificateurs, les décideurs et les fournisseurs de vaccins à déterminer les interventions qui mèneront à une utilisation accrue du vaccin. L’approche TIP est progressive et comprend les éléments suivants : 1) une identification claire de la cause fondamentale du faible taux de vaccination; 2) une intervention fondée sur la compréhension de cette cause; et 3) une évaluation du processus de mise en œuvre et de l’impact des interventions. Au niveau des fournisseurs et patients, les approches et les idées du cadre de planification de l’approche TIP pourraient éclairer la consultation sur la vaccination en soulignant l’importance de s’engager auprès des patients et des aidants, de les écouter et de répondre à leurs besoins.