Worldwide Laser Institute

Ever evolving research in medical field has reached an exciting stage with advent of newer technologies. With the introduction of digital microscopy, pathology has transitioned to become more digitally oriented speciality. The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatopathology is to aid the diagnosis, and it requires dermatopathologists' guidance for efficient functioning of artificial intelligence. Comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic online databases "PubMed" and "Google Scholar." Articles published in English language were considered for the review. Convolutional neural network, a type of deep neural network, is considered as an ideal tool in image recognition, processing, classification, and segmentation. Implementation of AI in tumor pathology is involved in the diagnosis, grading, staging, and prognostic prediction as well as in identification of genetic or pathological features. In this review, we attempt to discuss the use of AI in dermatopathology, the attitude of patients and clinicians, its challenges, limitation, and potential opportunities in future implementation.

Tattoos are increasingly gathering attention in the young population, especially in second to fourth decade of life. With such trends, rate of its removal also has been on the rise. Treatment options for tattoo removal besides lasers are surgery, radiofrequency, infrared light, cryotherapy, dermabrasion and salabrasion. Unfortunately, none of these procedures are associated with satisfactory cosmetic results due to adverse effects such as scarring and dyspigmentation. Although laser treatment has become the gold standard for tattoo removal, it is also associated with some limitations. Some tattoo inks are resistant to laser, and multiple sessions and multiple wavelengths may be required for its complete removal. Considering these limitations, other treatment modalities for tattoo removal must be explored. This article highlights the non-laser treatment options for tattoo removal. We reviewed all published literature identified from electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till August 2021 to highlight the non-laser treatment options for tattoo removal.

Facial rejuvenation is gaining immense popularity among patients and clinicians. Botulinum toxins derived from bacteria are well-tolerated options as minimally invasive interventions for facial rejuvenation or other aesthetic procedures. These products have revolutionized aesthetic treatments. Several types of botulinum toxins (BoNT) are available. Currently typeA and B are clinically used and only BoNT‑A products are approved for use for cosmetic indications in the Germany and the United States. Each product is unique in terms of its composition. Understanding the various BoNT‑A products is essential in choosing the optimal treatment for our patients. In this article we discuss different BoNT‑A products used for aesthetic intervention.

Dermatologic TherapyVolume 33, Issue 6 e13996 LETTER Dermatology and specialty rotations: COVID-19 may reemphasize the importance of internal medicine Mohamad Goldust, Mohamad Goldust [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-1246 University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorAseem Sharma, Aseem Sharma [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-227X Department of Dermatology L.T.M.M.C. and L.T.M.G.H., Sion Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorDedee F. Murrell, Dedee F. Murrell [email protected] Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorNegin Kazemi, Negin Kazemi [email protected] Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranSearch for more papers by this authorLidia Rudnicka, Lidia Rudnicka [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-1023 Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandSearch for more papers by this authorMartin Kassir, Martin Kassir [email protected] Worldwide Laser Institute, Dallas, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this authorAlexander Navarini, Alexander Navarini [email protected] Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorSimon M. Mueller, Corresponding Author Simon M. Mueller [email protected] Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland Correspondence Simon M. Mueller, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Mohamad Goldust, Mohamad Goldust [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-1246 University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorAseem Sharma, Aseem Sharma [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-227X Department of Dermatology L.T.M.M.C. and L.T.M.G.H., Sion Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorDedee F. Murrell, Dedee F. Murrell [email protected] Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorNegin Kazemi, Negin Kazemi [email protected] Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranSearch for more papers by this authorLidia Rudnicka, Lidia Rudnicka [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-1023 Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandSearch for more papers by this authorMartin Kassir, Martin Kassir [email protected] Worldwide Laser Institute, Dallas, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this authorAlexander Navarini, Alexander Navarini [email protected] Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorSimon M. Mueller, Corresponding Author Simon M. Mueller [email protected] Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland Correspondence Simon M. Mueller, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 11 July 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13996Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume33, Issue6November/December 2020e13996 RelatedInformation

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder adversely affecting the patient’s quality of life. Despite the presence of several treatment modalities, ranging from medical to physical to surgical options, none is curative. Each modality has its own drawbacks and side effects. Thus, the treatment modality needs to be tailored for each individual patient taking into consideration the disease characteristics and also its efficacy and safety to obtain a favorable risk–benefit ratio.Areas covered: This review highlights the different treatment modalities utilized in vitiligo up until 4 November 2019 along with their adverse effects and contraindications, if any.Expert opinion: All the medications have their own adverse effects and contraindications. We have included the most commonly used topical corticosteroids, which may result in striae, cutaneous atrophy, and tachyphylaxis, to the recently introduced biologics, which may induce hypersensitivity reactions, systemic toxicities, and even malignancies. However, more long-term studies are needed to assess the safety of these medications, especially the newer ones, to provide a safe and effective treatment for this disorder.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic disfiguring inflammatory disease of adolescents and adults affecting up to 90% of the population around the world. The sequence of etiopathogenesis in acne is not completely understood but involves abnormalities in sebum production, follicular plugging, proliferation of propionibacterium acnes, and chronic inflammation. This review aims to summarize the features of the topical selective RAR agonists in treating acne vulgaris with a special emphasis on the 4th generation topical retinoid trifarotene. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till August 2019 and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included. Topical retinoids have been first line of treatment for more than 30years now in treating mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Third generation retinoids like adapalene and tazarotene are selective RAR and γ agonists, having an additional anti-inflammatory action along with their comedolytic effects and work well in combinations with topical antibiotics, due to the stability of chemical composition. Trifarotene is a new 4th generation retinoid with selective action on RAR-γ receptor alone, which is specific for skin, and it is safe for long-term maintenance therapy with good efficacy and tolerability.

Dermatologic TherapyVolume 33, Issue 2 e13271 Letter to the Editor Pharmaceutical promotion and guided-prescription in low- and middle-income countries: A need for new regulations Martin Kassir, Martin Kassir Worldwide Laser Institute, Dallas, TexasSearch for more papers by this authorGeorge Kroumpouzos, George Kroumpouzos Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Dermatology, Medical School of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil GK Dermatology, PC, South Weymouth, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorUwe Wollina, Uwe Wollina orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-2913 Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorTorello Lotti, Torello Lotti orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-1936 University of Studies Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAyman Abdelmaksoud, Ayman Abdelmaksoud orcid.org/0000-0003-4848-959X Mansoura Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Hospital, Mansoura, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorMohamad Goldust, Corresponding Author Mohamad Goldust mgoldust@uni-mainz.de orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-1246 University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland Correspondence Mohamad Goldust, University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Email: mgoldust@uni-mainz.deSearch for more papers by this author Martin Kassir, Martin Kassir Worldwide Laser Institute, Dallas, TexasSearch for more papers by this authorGeorge Kroumpouzos, George Kroumpouzos Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Dermatology, Medical School of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil GK Dermatology, PC, South Weymouth, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorUwe Wollina, Uwe Wollina orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-2913 Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorTorello Lotti, Torello Lotti orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-1936 University of Studies Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAyman Abdelmaksoud, Ayman Abdelmaksoud orcid.org/0000-0003-4848-959X Mansoura Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Hospital, Mansoura, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorMohamad Goldust, Corresponding Author Mohamad Goldust mgoldust@uni-mainz.de orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-1246 University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland Correspondence Mohamad Goldust, University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Email: mgoldust@uni-mainz.deSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 February 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13271Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume33, Issue2March/April 2020e13271 RelatedInformation

Currently there are many esthetic lasers and IPL devices available for use. Many wavelengths and filters exist for the treatment of a variety of conditions from hair reduction to vascular lesions, tattoos, and collagen thickening. Understanding these devices together with their correct use will enhance outcomes and limit complications. A basic knowledge of laser physics and laser-tissue interactions is critical in order to maximize results and eliminate adverse sequalae.