X-Fab (Germany)

The exploration of the landscape of opportunities for approaching technology in primary schools in the city of Bahía Blanca (Argentina) shows that the availability of technological resources does not constitute the main obstacle to teaching robotics and computational thinking. The results of the prior survey indicate that the most relevant difficulties are linked to the lack of technical-pedagogical training, limited institutional support, and the absence of sustained technical assistance, which restricts the systematic implementation of these proposals in the classroom. In this context, the present work aims to present the design of a teacher training course with a STEAM approach and Project/Problem-Based Learning (PBL), oriented toward strengthening the appropriation of robotics, the use of artificial intelligence, and computational thinking as transversal objects of study in primary school. As a case study, a pilot test implemented in a primary school affiliated with a national university is described, developed in a reduced format with the participation of ten teachers. The experience included pedagogical and technical activities —plugged and unplugged— and the administration of a pre-post test design to assess perceptions and self-evaluation of implementation capacities. Preliminary results show a significant improvement in the perception of feasibility of incorporating robotics into the classroom and identify facilitating and inhibiting factors, providing inputs for the adjustment of situated and sustainable training proposals.

This paper describes an experimental paradigm designed to evaluate the usability of non-sinusoidal amplitude-modulated stimuli for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on steady-state auditory evoked potentials. Instead of the commonly used pure tone, which can be uncomfortable, detectability of alternatives like Brownian noise or natural sounds (e.g. cicada song and cat’s purr), which are expected to be more pleasant to listen to, is assessed. Brain responses from 48 participants are recorded while listening to various amplitude-modulated sounds. To ensure accurate sound reproduction, the audio setup’s frequency response is measured and compensated for, using an Head And Torso Simulator (HATS). All stimuli are also equalized in loudness to prevent perceived level differences between stimuli. Participants’ hearing acuity is measured using an audiometric procedure developed for the needs of the experiment. Participants also completed questionnaires to collect information about their laterality, musicality, age and sex, as these factors may influence auditory perception.

Cryogenic CMOS provides critical performance benefits for high-performance computing, space electronics, and quantum interfaces, including enhanced carrier mobility and steeper subthreshold swing (SS). However, cryogenic operation increases threshold voltage (V<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub>), necessitating higher supply voltages that offset these advantages. This work presents a novel V<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> control strategy based on UTBB SOI technology, leveraging the cryogenic floating substrate (CFS) effect to enable nonvolatile V<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> modulation. Compared to conventional back-gate voltage (V<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">back</sub>), the CFS approach demonstrates fourfold higher tuning efficiency while eliminating the need for additional control planes or process modifications. By combining CFS with V<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">back</sub> modulation, we achieve both wide-range V<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> adjustment and precise fine-tuning. These advantages establish the CFS technique as a promising solution for ultra-low-power cryogenic CMOS applications.

The effective use of renewable energy sources is of great importance in meeting the growing demand for energy, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring sustainable development. In this context, Parabolic Trough Collector-supported (PTC) Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems and the utilisation of waste heat from the condenser for greenhouse heating offer a noteworthy solution for both increasing energy efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. In this study, a hybrid greenhouse heating system integrated with a CSP-based ORC is examined. In the system design, thermal energy obtained from CSP is used for electricity generation via ORC, while waste heat released at the turbine outlet and condenser unit is utilised for greenhouse heating. The greenhouse heat demand is assumed to be 32 kW, and analyses are being conducted for PTC areas of 100 m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 200 m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>. The results show that greenhouse demand cannot be met at low irradiance levels in a 100 m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PTC area, but is fully met at approximately 500-600 W/m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> irradiance. On the other hand, in a 200 m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PTC area, greenhouse heat loss is completely eliminated from 200-300 W/m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> radiation onwards, and additional energy production is achieved. In terms of electricity generation, the net electricity production for 100 m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of PTC at 1000 W/m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> irradiation was approximately 12 kW, while the electricity fed into the grid was approximately 10 kW. In the 200 m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PTC scenario, under the same irradiation conditions, net electricity production is approximately 25 kW, while electricity fed into the grid reaches levels of 20-25 kW. At low radiation levels, the heat pump consumes an additional 2-4 kW of power, but in a scenario with a 200 m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PTC area, the heat pump shuts down at lower radiation levels, thereby increasing the reliability of the system. These findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid approach not only enables the efficient use of renewable energy sources, but also reduces energy costs in greenhouse heating and provides additional electricity supply to the grid. Furthermore, this integration is expected to reduce environmental impacts and contribute to sustainable agricultural production.

This paper investigates the influence of conductor materials - copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), brass (CuZn), bronze (CuSn), and copper-clad aluminum (CCA) - on starting torque, current, and thermal behavior of cage-start synchronous motors. A 6 MW, 6 kV, 50 Hz salient-pole motor was analyzed using coupled electromagnetic-thermal FEM with 0.5 ms time step and refined air-gap mesh to evaluate torque-slip, current-time characteristics, Joule losses, and rotor bar temperature rise.Based on the normalized per-unit results, the maximum starting torque was 2.87 p.u. for Cu, 2.71 p.u. for CCA, and 2.46 p.u. for Al. The acceleration time (t95) values were 13.2 p.u., 10.9 p.u., and 11.5 p.u., respectively, while normalized Joule losses (E_J) were 1.00, 0.83, and 0.93 normalized units. Cu achieves maximum starting torque but longest acceleration and highest losses. Al provides smoother acceleration with reduced heating. Brass and Bronze offer superior starting torque but extended acceleration and elevated losses. CCA material presents optimal compromise: achieves 99% of Cu pull-out torque (2.71 vs. 2.87 p.u.), 17% lower losses (0.83 norm.), and 21% faster acceleration than Al (10.9 p.u.). Material selection significantly impacts starting dynamics and thermal stress. The CCA hybrid conductor provides superior performance-efficiency balance for high-power synchronous motors in industrial and power generation applications.

The main sources of error in the multilateral traveling wave fault location algorithm in branched medium-voltage distribution networks are analyzed. The procedure for determining the onset of a transient signal is shown using experimentally recorded oscillograms of emergency transient processes as an example. It is shown that redundant information due to signal recording at many network points allows determining the traveling wave propagation velocity. A model algorithm for wave fault location is used that involves finding the minimum of the objective function. The objective function consists of sums of absolute values of the difference between two values. The number of terms is equal to the number of unique pairs of sensors of the traveling wave fault location complex. The first value is equal to the experimentally determined difference in the signal onset in the sensor relative to the reference sensor. The second value is equal to the similar calculated difference. The minimum of the objective function is sought for by varying the calculated fault location and the traveling wave velocity. The determining effect of the time sampling of transient signals on the error in wave fault location is shown.

This work presents a comparative statistical investigation into the enhanced ionizing radiation hardness between the Octagonal (OnM) and Conventional (CnM) MOSFETs under X-ray environment. The primary objective is to quantify the robustness of OnM across varying Total Ionizing Dose (TID) levels and biasing conditions. A comprehensive statistical framework was applied, integrating Z-score normalization, K-means clustering, Cramer’s V, and association analysis to evaluate device variability. Experimental results demonstrate that OnM devices exhibit significantly superior electrical consistency, evidenced by a markedly lower coefficient of variation (C.V.) for the on-state drain current (0.1020 vs. 0.5689) and higher cluster cohesion compared to CnM counterparts. Furthermore, a Bootstrap validation confirmed the high stability of OnM clusters (Jaccard coefficient minimum value of 81.2%), reinforcing their deterministic behavior. These findings statistically validate the OnM intrinsic resilience, supporting its suitability for reliable operation in mission-critical space, nuclear, and medical applications.