Xidex (United States)

Failure of polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition was investigated by nanoindentation in a scanning electron microscope. Circular graphene membranes were subject to central point loads using a nanomanipulator combined with an atomic force microscope cantilever as a force sensor. The grain boundaries of the polycrystalline graphene were visualized by Raman spectroscopy coupled with a carbon isotope labeling technique. Graphene membranes without any grain boundary had a failure strength of 45.4 ± 10.4 GPa, compared to 16.4 ± 5.1 GPa for those with grain boundaries when a Young's modulus was assumed to be 1 TPa. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Single-crystal silicon triple-torsional micro-oscillators have been fabricated, characterized, and modeled primarily for use in a magnetic resonance force microscope. These structures exploit a high-Q triple-torsional mode of oscillation while providing added stability. Fabrication involves lithography, reactive ion etch, and a final KOH wet-etch, with the final oscillator material being single-crystal boron-doped silicon. Typical oscillators were 250 nm thick and 10 - 200 microns in lateral dimensions. Finite element modeling provided the sequence and structure of the ten lowest-frequency modes and indicated that the upper torsional mode best isolates the motion from losses to the base. The oscillators were excited piezoelectrically and the resulting frequency-dependent motion was detected with fiber-optic interferometry, with a 0.002 nm/Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP> resolution. Phase-sensitive motion detection at various points on the oscillator facilitated the assignment of the principle modes. Magnetic excitation was also investigated in order to best excite the torsional resonances. Cobalt micromagnets with moments below 10<SUP>-12</SUP> J/T were electron-beam deposited onto oscillators, and the magnetic forces were measured. MRFM, the primary intended application of these novel structures, is discussed; in particular, an overview is given of an experiment which uses a double-torsional micro-oscillator for the force detection of nuclear magnetic resonance. All topics discussed in this work are being combined in order to achieve a NMRFM single-sweep sensitivity as low as 10<SUP>-16</SUP> N/Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP> at room temperature.