Yamagata Prefectural Police

In this study, in order to predict leaf blast occurrence using a leaf wetness sensor, we examined the optimal sensor installation angle and location for the measurement of leaf wetness period in rice plant, the relationship between the wetness period and the occurrence of leaf blast severity, and the optimal threshold of the permittivity of a leaf wetness sensor to determine wetness in rice. The wetness period measured at an installation angle of 0 ° was significantly longer than the wetness period measured at 0 ° to 60 ° angles. Therefore, the optimal setting angle of the leaf wetness sensor was 0 °. There was no significant difference between the wetness period measured in the paddy field and the wet period measured in the plowed field. Therefore, it was considered that it was more practical to install the leaf wetness sensor outside the paddy field in consideration of the labor and maintenance required for the installation. The wetness period measured by the leaf wetting sensor was considered to be applicable to agriculture field sites because the estimation accuracy of the prediction of leaf blast occurrence was high. In rice, the wetting period evaluated at the threshold of 0.300V in permittivity was better than the threshold of 0.284V recommended by METER Group, Inc. to evaluate the occurrence of leaf blast.

Inform ation T est Naohiro Yam am oto (Forensic Science Lab, Yam ag ata prefectural police H.Q .)Key Words：Concelaed Inform ation T est, within a set judg m ent m ethod, kernel density estim ation

本研究では，風波上の飛沫の発生に重要な役割を演じる風波の飽和度指標を導いている．この飽和度指標は，平衡スペクトルの-4乗則およびTobaの3/2乗則から誘導され，波齢および波形勾配によって表されている．この飽和度指標の物理的意味は，気流と風波の非線形度の比を表しており，波形勾配および波齢が大きいほど飽和度指標の値は大きくなる．飛沫の鉛直分布特性を調べるために，まず風洞水槽内において飛沫の鉛直分布が測定された．飛沫の鉛直分布は，13m/sから16m/s程度の風速では指数分布を示していた．現地において，消波護岸上の飛沫の鉛直分布および全飛沫量に関する観測が行われた．その鉛直分布はほぼ指数分布に従い，全飛沫量の対数値は代表風速および摩擦速度とほぼ線形的な関係にあり，本研究で提案された飽和度指標とも線形的な関係にあることも初めて示された．

A method to analyze self-affinities is introduced and applied to the large scale fold geometries of Quaternary and Tertiary sediments or geographical topographies in the inner belt of the Northeast Honshu Arc, Japan. Based on this analysis, their geometries are self-affine and can be differently scaled in different directions. We recognize a crossover from local to global altitude (vertical) variation of the geometries of folds and topographies. The characteristic length for the crossover of topographies (landforms) is about 25 km and is related to the half wavelength of the crustal buckling folds or possible maximum magnitude of inland earthquakes in the Northeast Honshu Arc. Moreover, self-affinity of the folds and topographies can be connected with the b-value in Gutenberg-Richter℉s law. We obtain two average Hurst exponents obtained from the self-affinities of folds in the Northeast Honshu Arc. This indicates that there are two possible seismic modes for the smaller and larger ranges in the focal regions in the Northeast Honshu Arc.

Bacteria were isolated from black lesions on shoots of European pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) in an orchard in Japan. Previous characterization of this novel pathogen by phenotypic and genotypic methods suggested that it should belong to the genus Erwinia but might not correspond to either Erwinia amylovora or Erwinia pyrifoliae. Here, phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, gyrB, and rpoD gene sequences indicated that it could not be assigned to any recognized species of the genus Erwinia. DNA-DNA hybridization confirmed that the bacterial strains represented a novel species. The DNA G+C contents, the fatty acid profile and phenotypic characteristics resembled those previously reported for members of the genus Erwinia. On the basis of these and previous results, the pathogen represents a novel species of the genus Erwinia, for which the name Erwinia uzenensis sp. nov. (type strain: YPPS 951(T) = LMG 25843(T) = NCPPB 4475(T)) is proposed.

Significant Japanese Oak Wilt has been widely spreading over the Japanese Islands since the 1980's. We proposed a Normalized Wilt Index (NWI) based on NDVI and NDGI for the purpose of detecting the oak wilt from ASTER VNIR data. The NWI of wilt leaves indicated significantly higher value than those of healthy leaves in early stages of autumnal tints. The NWI of summer mountainous data realized a better wilt detection performance with low false positive in comparison with other NDVI, NDGI based methods. The NWI distribution based on ASTER data roughly coincided with a field inspection map as ground truth.