Yamagata Prefectural Sagae High School

Wrist range of motion (ROM) supports coordinated upper-limb function during self-feeding. Wrist restriction may induce proximal compensation, yet the kinematic consequences of discrete wrist positions remain underexplored. Ten healthy young women performed a standardized eating task under four wrist positions: free (FP), palmar-flexed (PFP; 20°), intermediate (IP; 0°), and dorsiflexed (DFP; 20°). Upper-limb kinematics were recorded with a wearable IMU system (100Hz). Discrete outcomes included maximum/minimum joint angles and event-based angles at the end of scooping and mouth reaching. Parametric data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Dunnett comparisons versus FP; non-parametric data used Friedman tests with Bonferroni correction (η2). Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was applied to time-normalized waveforms to localize condition effects across the movement cycle. Wrist position systematically altered kinematics. Compared with FP, PFP produced the largest deviations, including reduced maximum elbow flexion (108 ± 8° vs 124 ± 8°) and forearm supination (68 ± 12° vs 93 ± 12°; η2 up to 0.44). At mouth reaching, PFP similarly reduced elbow flexion (108 ± 8° vs 123 ± 9°) and supination (67 ± 12° vs 93 ± 12°) and shifted wrist posture toward palmar flexion. IP and DFP showed smaller departures from FP. SPM indicated the largest effects mainly during late transport/mouth reaching for elbow flexion and supination, and near movement initiation/termination for wrist radial/ulnar deviation. Non-neutral wrist positioning-particularly palmar flexion-disrupts self-feeding coordination and elicits proximal compensation. Findings may inform orthosis positioning and exercise progression; confirmation in patient cohorts is warranted.

Abstract AimTo maintain biodiversity in plantation forest ecosystems it is important to understand the community assembly process. Canopy thinning effectively increases understorey diversity in plantation forests. However, the process of understorey community assembly after canopy thinning remains unclear. We compared the relative importance of two mechanisms that could affect the assembly of understorey woody communities after thinning: (1) environmental filtering due to competition from canopy trees, and (2) stochastic immigration. If the latter is dominant, the effectiveness of local treatment might be unpredictable because of the variable probability of immigration at each location.LocationYamagata Prefecture, Japan.MethodsWe censused the understorey tree communities in 18 quadrats (each 1 m × 1 m) in each of 49 stands of Japanese cedar plantations. The mean species richness of the 18 quadrats (alpha‐diversity), variation in community composition among them (beta‐diversity), deviation of beta‐diversity from that of a random community (beta‐deviation) and total species richness of the plots (gamma‐diversity) were compared among censuses (before thinning, 2 and 5 yr after thinning). The relative contributions of two explanatory variables to the various diversities were examined: (1) basal area of canopy trees (overstorey BA, an index of environmental filtering), and (2) available seed source in the surrounding landscape (landscape effect; an index of the probability of immigration).ResultsAlthough neither beta‐diversity nor gamma‐diversity changed throughout the censuses, the alpha‐diversity, stem abundance and beta‐deviation were affected by thinning. beta‐deviation increased after thinning. Overstorey BA limited alpha‐ and gamma‐diversity throughout the censuses. The landscape effect was more significant in terms of beta‐deviation after than before thinning. In addition, the effective scale of the landscape effect increased after thinning.ConclusionOur results indicate that both processes are important: thinning brought about an increase in the relative importance of stochastic immigration as well as a reduction in competitive pressure from canopy trees. These results suggest that while local treatment can increase understorey diversity, stochastic immigration from seed sources is the direct driver after thinning. Although local treatment is effective, its efficiency depends on the seed source availability in the surrounding landscape.

Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) have been reported to occur with minimal or spontaneous subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures with a characteristic transverse pattern, compared with typical femoral fractures in young patients with high-energy trauma. AFFs are related to long-term use of bisphosphonates (BPs), glucocorticoids and rheumatic diseases. We have estimated a blind analysis of AFFs in rheumatic patients receiving BPs and glucocorticoids ordinary over a long time in all Yamagata prefectural area through radiographic examination. The 123 AFFs including suspected cases over six years were collected and reviewed by two independent orthopedic surgeons. We found 86 patients with a total of 99 AFFs between 2009 and 2014 (1.43 cases/100,000 person/year). Of these 99 AFFs, 11 were in 8 rheumatic patients including three patients with bilateral AFFs. The incidence of AFFs in rheumatic patients had trend to increase from 2012. The mean age of all 8 patients was 54.9 years. All 8 patients received BPs and 7/8 received prednisolone (PSL). The mean dose of PSL was 14 mg/day. Compared to patients with unilateral AFFs, those with bilateral AFFs in rheumatic patients were on a higher dose of PSL (20 mg/day vs. 7 mg/day) and had less femoral neck-shaft angle (129° vs. 136°, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the incidence of AFFs in rheumatic patients showed a trend to increase from 2012 to 2014 in Yamagata prefecture. Careful management of AFFs is of particular importance in rheumatic patients who have taken high doses of PSL and have small femoral neck-shaft angle.

1,1,3,3-Tetrabromo-2-alkanone 類の農薬活性については報告があるが, 本報ではこれを Favorskii 転位させて得られる 3,3-dibromo-2-alkylacrylic acid 類 (アルキル基: C1～C5) について生理活性を調べた. 殺虫, 殺線虫, 殺微生物, 除草作用, 植物ホルモン作用を調べた結果, 殺線虫, 除草作用に活性のあるものがあったが, 市販品と比較すると実用化できるほどの強い作用ではなかった. ホルモン作用の試験では強い作用が認められた.