Yangtze Optical Electronic (China)

Optical topological quasiparticles have attracted considerable attention due to their unique topological properties. While much effort has been devoted to their generation, studies on the optical field characteristics and functional applications remain limited. In this work, we verified the chirality of optical Stokes bimeron and demonstrated the separation of chiral particles by means of this optical topological quasiparticle generating with a metasurface. Further results reveal that chirality of bimeron fields can enable selective manipulation and separation of chiral particles with opposite handedness. Furthermore, by introducing phase modulation, we achieve in-plane rotation of the bimeron optical field, thereby enabling dynamic control of the chiral particle trajectories, and it can produce a centrifugal-like effect with chiral-dependence. Our findings can be utilized as a versatile platform for chirality-based sorting, transport, and dynamic particle control.

Violet phosphorus (VP), a recently identified two-dimensional (2D) allotrope of phosphorus, exhibits a range of distinctive properties that position it as a promising material for diverse advanced applications. This review begins with a detailed examination of the synthesis strategies for VP, including bulk-phase growth, few-layer exfoliation, and the fabrication of VP quantum dots (QDs). Each method's advantages, limitations, and impact on the material's structural and electronic properties are discussed. VP's unique characteristics, such as its tunable direct bandgap, high charge carrier mobility, and anisotropic behavior, enable strong performance in optoelectronics. Applications in polarization-sensitive photodetectors, broadband photodetection, and neuromorphic vision systems are critically reviewed, emphasizing its potential for next-generation photonic devices. In the biomedical domain, VP's biodegradability, tunable optical properties, and promising electronic characteristics provide opportunities for biosensing, antibacterial treatments, and cancer therapy. Finally, VP's potential for energy storage and conversion is explored, with particular attention given to its role in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and as an anode material in sodium-ion and lithium-ion batteries. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of VP's synthesis, properties, and multifaceted applications, while highlighting the ongoing challenges and future research directions required to fully exploit its potential.

This study identifies diagnostic biomarkers of OA-related synovitis from synovial tissue expression and develops a validated diagnostic nomogram (differentially expressed genes = differentially expressed genes; single-sample gene set enrichment analysis [ssGSEA]). We analyzed GEO synovium datasets (training: GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE82107, OA = 30 vs controls = 27; validation: GSE89408, OA = 22 vs controls = 28; cartilage comparator: GSE129147, OA = 10 vs controls = 9) and applied weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify phenotype-linked modules, followed by 4 machine learning models (random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], xtreme gradient boosting (XGB), generalized linear model [GLM]) to rank genes, selection of hub genes from the top SVM features, construction and validation of a multigene nomogram predicting OA-related synovitis vs control, and integrative pathway and immune profiling (gene ontology/kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, ssGSEA), competitive endogenous RNA network analysis, and hypothesis-generating protein-ligand docking. In the training synovium set (GSE55235 + GSE55457 + GSE82107; outcome = OA-related synovitis vs control), model area under the curves (AUCs; 95% confidence intervals) were RF 0.944 (0.882-1.000), SVM 1.000 (0.997-1.000), XGB 0.917 (0.842-0.992), and GLM 0.944 (0.882-1.000). In the external synovium validation dataset GSE89408 (outcome = OA-related synovitis vs control), AUCs (95% confidence intervals) were RF 0.729 (0.585-0.873), SVM 0.792 (0.662-0.922), XGB 0.717 (0.571-0.863), and GLM 0.771 (0.636-0.906), emphasizing external validation as the fairer test of model generalizability. The cartilage comparator GSE129147 (outcome = OA vs control in cartilage) yielded SVM AUC 0.833 (0.333-1.000), supporting tissue-specific yet cross-tissue consistency. Five hub genes - CTSH, ephrin-B2, YIPF2, ZNF671, SLC27A6 - were identified from 462 intersecting genes, selected from the SVM model because it showed the smallest residuals and best internal discrimination among the 4 tested algorithms. The 5-gene nomogram showed good calibration and decision-curve net benefit across 10% to 40% threshold probabilities, confirming its diagnostic utility. ssGSEA analysis revealed enriched immune-related pathways and higher infiltration of B cells, macrophages, mast cells, and T-cell subsets in OA synovium, closely associated with the expression of hub genes such as YIPF2 and ZNF671 linked to adaptive-immune and inflammatory signaling. Molecular docking indicated that dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide bind to the protein products of the hub genes (-7.1 to -8.5 kcal/mol). The 5-gene synovium-based SVM model provides a validated diagnostic nomogram for OA-related synovitis; docking findings are hypothesis-generating and not evidence of therapeutic efficacy.

Thermal stratification in deep reservoirs can cause ecologically problematic cold-water releases, and many existing selective-withdrawal phenomena rely on a limited set of fixed intake levels, which constrains their ability to follow seasonal shifts in the thermocline. Stepless stratified intakes with continuously adjustable flap gates offer quasi-continuous control of withdrawal depth, but their multi-gate, multi-brace layouts generate complex internal hydraulics whose energy-loss mechanisms are not well captured by conventional head-loss and resistance-coefficient metrics. In this study, physical-model measurements are combined with a validated three-dimensional numerical model, and entropy-production theory is used as a diagnostic to resolve where and by which mechanisms mechanical energy is irreversibly degraded inside a single-unit stepless stratified intake. The analysis shows that turbulent entropy production accounts for more than 98% of total dissipation, concentrated mainly in the flow channel and gate shaft, while the reservoir and outlet pipe contribute only weakly. Local entropy-production-rate fields indicate that dominant irreversibilities are associated with flow turning at the active gate leaves and with separation and wake development around horizontal and vertical braces, which generate low-velocity bands across gate levels and a low-velocity corridor in the shaft. Five geometric modification schemes targeting gate-entrance shaping and brace layout are evaluated; a combined brace-alignment and edge-rounding configuration most effectively weakens dissipation hotspots, improves discharge sharing among gate levels and reduces total entropy production. These findings show that entropy-based diagnostics can complement traditional hydraulic indicators and provide effective guidance for the design and refinement of stepless stratified intake structures.

ABSTRACT Photoexcitation of non‐equilibrium carriers in semiconductors provides a promising route for ultrafast nanophotonic control. While temporal modulation of carrier excitation has been widely explored, spatially reconfigurable photocarrier distributions offer an additional degree of freedom for manipulating light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate an all‐optical approach that engineers the interference field formed by the superposition of incident pump light and edge‐scattered surface waves near the apex of a scanning tip, thereby imprinting spatially structured carrier patterns in van der Waals semiconductors. Ultrafast infrared near‐field microscopy serves as a sensitive proxy for these patterns in tin selenide nanosheets, revealing periodically modulated infrared signals with up to twenty‐fold wavelength compression relative to the incident light. Fourier and time‐resolved analyses show that the fringe periodicity is governed by the optically imprinted carrier modulation rather than by propagating plasmons, while finite‐dipole modeling quantifies the carrier dynamics. This work establishes a general framework for all‐optical, subwavelength control of infrared responses through near‐field interference, offering new opportunities for reconfigurable nanophotonic and plasmonic functionalities in low‐dimensional semiconductors.

To address the challenges posed by spatial constraints and fluid perturbations in underwater tunnels, this study proposes an efficient autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and introduces a tracking control strategy to tunnel conditions. First, the AUV integrates a modular buoyancy adjustment system, effectively mitigating the issues of large turning radii and loss of pitch control at low speeds typically encountered with conventional rudders. The Variable Look-Ahead Distance (VLAD) mechanism is integrated into the Adaptive Line-of-Sight (ALOS) guidance system to facilitate precise estimation of the angle of attack and ensure rapid convergence of tracking errors. In addition, a hyperbolic sliding mode switching controller (HSMC) is proposed, and its stability is rigorously analyzed. This approach dynamically adjusts the sliding mode surface based on the characteristics of the two hyperbolic functions, effectively reducing control buffering and improving the stability of wall tracking. Finally, the experimental results from both planar and curved wall tracking tests demonstrate that the proposed control strategy significantly reduces tracking errors while exhibiting superior resilience to interference.

Climate change and intensified human activities are increasingly disrupting hydrological connectivity between catchments and lakes, leading to more frequent and prolonged low–flow events. These conditions destabilize lake levels and amplify regional water insecurity. Poyang Lake, China’s largest freshwater lake with strong seasonal fluctuations, has experienced worsening dry seasons over the past two decades, partly due to altered tributary inflows. To investigate how the lake responds to the changed catchment inflows, we propose a hybrid attribution framework combining Random Forest (RF) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS–SEM). RF captures nonlinear, lagged responses of lake levels to tributary flows, while PLS–SEM disentangles direct and indirect causal pathways among climate, vegetation, human activity, and runoff. Long-term records (1953–2022) revealed a structural shift around 2003, after which low–water–level frequency and severity intensified. Using runoff from all five major tributaries, RF results highlighted the Ganjiang River, the largest tributary, as the dominant driver and indicated strong cumulative and delayed effects. The lake levels responded to low flows with a lag of about one to two weeks. PLS–SEM further showed that precipitation was the primary driver of runoff, whereas rising temperature and vegetation recovery enhanced evapotranspiration and exacerbated drought. Human activities, including population growth and soil erosion, indirectly regulate runoff through changes in land water storage and vegetation. Poyang Lake thus exhibits a distinct “reduced inflow–rapid recession” mechanism. Integrating machine learning and structural modeling offers insights and a framework for lake–catchment drought management.

Acting as a pivotal cytokine of innate immunity, the signal transduction of interleukin 6 (IL-6) is always elevated in relation to the occurrence of injury, bacteria and chemical invasion. IL-6 as a critical care biomarker can be used for the clinical diagnosis of diseases ranging from bacterial infections to most inflammatory reactions. Then, a simple, cost-effective and sensitive colorimetric aptasensor was designed for the specific detection of IL-6. The IL-6 aptamer anchored on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by polyadenine accurately recognized IL-6, and then, the folded IL-6 aptamer enhanced the stability of AuNPs against salt-induced aggregation. The degree of AuNP aggregation increased inversely with the concentration of IL-6. A higher IL-6 content resulted in lower aggregation of AuNPs, which can be measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the proposed aptasensor exhibited a linear detectable range of 7-500 pg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 4.652 pg m-1. Furthermore, this proposed colorimetric aptasensor achieved the discrimination of IL-6 from other analogues and could detect IL-6 in human serum samples, which demonstrated its potential application for the detection of IL-6 in complex matrices.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a graphene-integrated terahertz (THz) metasurface supporting a quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) mode for active THz modulation. The metasurface, composed of asymmetric split-ring resonators fabricated on a high-resistivity silicon substrate and covered with monolayer graphene, exhibits a sharp resonance enabled by the QBIC effect. By applying a gate voltage via an ionic liquid electrolyte, the Fermi level of graphene is tuned, allowing modulation of the THz transmission. Numerical simulations and temporal coupled-mode theory confirm the resonance characteristics, and experimental measurements reveal a modulation depth exceeding 50% at a gate voltage of 5 V. These results indicate that introducing QBIC effectively enhances the interaction between THz waves and the graphene-loaded metasurface, enabling a high-efficiency, low-cost, and compact approach for dynamic THz wave modulation.