Yaroslavl State University

In the original publication [...].

The search and identification of blood serum proteins with high osmotic activity (osmotically active proteins, OAP) were carried out in albumin-containing fish, northern Esox lucius L., using electrophoresis and MALDI mass spectrometry. Several proteins with high negative charge (8 extracellular and 1 intracellular) were found and identified in the pike blood serum. The total relative content (TRC) of all OAP was ~60%. The relative content (RC) of individual OAP—hemopexin, proteinase inhibitors, apopoprotein A-I (in high density lipoproteins) and albumin—were ~30, ~10, ~12, and 3.6%, respectively; intracellular protein Grb14 was represented by trace amounts. According to the annotations of Gene Ontology, the main functions of OAP are related to the protection and transport. At the same time, the high negative charge of OAP suggests their high osmotic activity. The comparison of OAP lists in albumin-containing pike and albumin-free fishes shows that they are consistent across all extracellular OAP except for albumin, which is negligible in the pike serum. In light of the albumin-free model of capillary exchange, these facts do not point to a key role of albumin in osmotic homeostasis control in fish. The multiplicity of OAP in the blood of teleost fishes distinguishes them from mammals, where serum albumin is a key factor controlling capillary fluid exchange.

. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of evolution of the sustainable development concept through the prism of key UN documents and modern scientific discussions. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the traditional triad (economy, society, ecology) into an expanded model that includes the institutional component as an equivalent component of the system. The authors conducted a critical review of foreign and domestic studies, which revealed discrepancies in the interpretation of the structural elements of sustainable development and their interrelations. The study reveals the specifics of the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in the Russian Federation based on the comparison of national priorities with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The regulatory aspects and institutional mechanisms for adapting the global agenda to Russian conditions are analyzed. The study pays special attention to the analysis of motivational mechanisms that determine the policies of states in the field of sustainable development. As a key scientific result, an original visualized model is presented that systematically combines four fundamental elements of sustainable development: economic, social, environmental and institutional, with the emphasis on their dynamic interaction. The model differs from the existing analogues by its emphasis on the processes of adaptation and resistance to change, as well as a visual representation of systemic interrelations between the elements. The developed approach allows overcoming fragmentation of traditional interpretations of sustainable development. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed model for strategic planning at various levels of management.

In the context of contemporary socio-political and economic transformations, updating research on the value-semantic sphere is acquiring not only theoretical significance but also practical importance in the context of enhancing the sustainability and optimization of management processes. This implies the development of an integrated goal-setting system based on the relationship between regulations, organizational culture, and the individual value system of the manager. Such a system provides the foundation for rationally selecting methods for achieving goals, minimizing potential conflicts, and increasing personal responsibility for decisions. This study analyzes the characteristics of the value-semantic sphere of managers representing internal affairs agencies of the Russian Federation. The empirical base for the study was the Kostroma Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (n=35). The analysis revealed a number of specific characteristics of the value-semantic sphere of managers of internal affairs agencies and their relationship with their professional activities. In particular, the study focuses on the identified imbalances in the value structure, which may be the subject of further study and correction. The results obtained can be used in the development of specialized programs aimed at developing and maintaining value-based stability, enhancing professional resilience, and preventing burnout in management. These programs could include psychological correction methods, leadership development training, and tools for increasing stress resilience and self-regulation.

This article, based on materials from the State Archives of the Yaroslavl Region (SAYaR) and the Rybinsk Branch Archives (RBF SAYaR), examines the specifics of criminal prosecution of attempted spousal murder cases in Yaroslavl province. This topic is relevant due to the pressing need to preserve the traditional family and the unresolved problem of domestic violence. The study utilized general scientific and historical research methods (historical-genetic and historical-comparative), as well as methods used in studying the history of everyday life. The specific nature of the cases under study necessitated the use of a gender approach, allowing for the examination of the differences in the conduct of judicial proceedings between men and women. Attempted spousal murder in the provinces is rarely the subject of independent research and is more often explored in the context of broader studies on the everyday family life of various segments of the population and marital conflicts. Working with unpublished archival materials allowed us to examine specific court cases and unique family situations, using these as examples to identify the challenges of law enforcement and the attitudes of the state and the regional judicial system toward criminals of different genders. The author examines the reasons that motivated spouses to attempt on the life of their husband or wife, noting their similarities. The stages of legal proceedings in the early 1860s and throughout the remaining period following the transformation of the judicial system, as well as their goals and main content, are summarized. The length of legal proceedings in male and female cases is analyzed, and the factors that delayed the process are noted. The main part of the work is devoted to examining the circumstances of the cases, the charges brought and the punishments actually received by criminals, opportunities to evade justice, and the courts' handling of "slander." A source study analysis of Yaroslavl materials from various court proceedings revealed a relatively adequate attitude toward female criminals on the part of judicial institutions at various levels, as well as court attempts to acquit not only men but also women on reasonable grounds, although, in essence, no one was protected from violence at the hands of their significant other. Studying this problem from a historical perspective will be useful for understanding the causes of violence in modern Russian families and developing more effective strategies for preventing domestic violence.

The tetracarboxylic acids containing a cycloaliphatic fragment are promising monomers for semi-aromatic polymers of a series of polyimides, polyesters, and polyetherimides. An alternative method has been developed for their synthesis. The method demonstrates the possibility of performing alkylation and acylation reactions in sequence. The choice of the combination of methods for the oxidation of the acyl and methyl groups has been confirmed by quantum chemical calculations.

Traffic safety in railway transport requires regular inspection of the condition of rails to identify and timely eliminate defects. Eddy-current flaw detection is one of the popular methods of nondestructive rail testing. The data (defectograms) obtained from eddy-current flaw detectors during rail testing are typically high-volume and therefore require efficient automated analysis. In this context, analysis means the process of detecting the presence of defective areas on defectograms, as well as identifying the structural elements of the rail track, taking into account noise and various types of interference. The threshold noise level is found to isolate signals from defects and structural elements. Its value can be distorted by electromagnetic influences superimposed on the signals, which have pronounced low frequency and periodicity. This interference raises the threshold noise level, complicating the detection of useful signals. In relation to this, these types of effects need to be suppressed. In this paper spectral subtraction is used as a method for interference reduction in eddy-current defectograms. The interference function is defined as the sum of the low-frequency harmonics of the discrete Fourier transform of the original signals. Then the cleaned signal can be found by subtracting the low-frequency range. The upper boundary of this range is referred to as the threshold harmonic frequency. This frequency is determined by minimizing the distance of the signal’s autocorrelation function and expected autocorrelation. Two types of expected correlation are proposed: Gaussian noise autocorrelation and the reference autocorrelation. Both approaches allow us to determine the threshold harmonic frequency at which periodic interference is most effectively suppressed. The method based on Gaussian noise autocorrelation method is, to some extent, universal for eddy-current defectograms, while the reference autocorrelation is data- and recording equipment-specific. The most suitable threshold harmonic frequency is found for the eddy-current defectogram data under consideration. The described approaches to suppressing periodic low-frequency interference may also be successfully applied in other fields beyond eddy-current testing.

Bohl points of a conditionally periodic motion are defined as the phases such that the integral of a continuous function with zero mean value along the motion is always nonnegative (or nonpositive). Bohl points are known to always exist. This note is devoted to a generalization of this result to the case of uniquely ergodic dynamical systems as well as to almost periodic Bohr functions.