Yemenia University

Acute intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency, defined as a partial or complete interruption of the forward flow of intestinal contents. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and timely diagnosis and management are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the causes, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients admitted with intestinal obstruction to Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen. A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 105 patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction between January 1 and December 31, 2024. Patients younger than 10 years or with early postoperative obstruction were excluded. Data on demographics, clinical features, laboratory and radiological findings, management, complications, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using SPSS. Of the 105 patients, 74 (70.5%) were male, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.38:1 and mean age of 45.2 ± 19 years; the 31-60 years age group was most affected (35.2%). Mechanical obstruction accounted for 75 cases (71.5%), while 30 cases (28.5%) were due to intestinal ileus. Adhesions and malignancy were equally the most common causes (21% each), followed by secondary peritonitis (18.1%), hernia (11.4%), and volvulus (15.3%). The majority of patients presented within 3-7 days of symptom onset, although 81% of malignant obstructions occurred in patients aged 19-60 years and often presented after more than 14 days. Conservative management was successful in 13.3% of patients, while the remainder required surgical intervention according to etiology and intraoperative findings. Postoperative complications occurred in 19% of patients, and overall mortality was 14.3%, highest among patients with malignancy, mesenteric ischemia, and obstructed hernia. Mechanical obstruction is the predominant type of intestinal obstruction, with adhesions and malignancy as leading causes. Advanced age, comorbidities, ischemia, and recurrent neoplasm were associated with poor outcomes. Preventive strategies, including reduction of adhesions, elective hernia repair, early cancer screening, and timely surgical intervention, are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with intestinal obstruction.

Background and objectives: Tooth loss is still a major worldwide issue. In addition to examining potential correlations between tooth loss and various characteristics, including gender, age, educational attainment, and additional risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, khat chewing, and smoking behaviours, the current study sought to determine the causes of tooth extraction. Subjects and Methods: The retrospective study reviewed 1,955 medical records of patients who had undergone at least one tooth extraction. Patient variables included sex, age, education level, hypertension, diabetes, khat use, and smoking Results: Males constitute 55% and females 45% of the patient population. The predominant age groups are 18-22 years (30%). A significant majority (92%) have dental caries, primarily affecting 1-5 teeth (69%) and less frequently 6-10 teeth (27%). The decay rates are highest in upper molars (21%), lower molars (25%), and upper premolars (15%). About 13% of patients exhibit tooth mobility, mainly in lower central (26%) and lateral incisors (18%). Tooth loss is reported in 64% of patients, predominantly affecting 1-9 teeth (91%), with upper molars (26%) being the most lost, followed by lower molars (24%). The study identifies tooth decay as the primary cause of tooth loss (47%), followed by a combination of tooth decay and periodontal disease (38%) and periodontal disease alone (10%). Conclusion: This study found that tooth loss was prevalent among participants, particularly involving upper molars. Key risk factors included advanced age (30+ years), male sex, and systemic diseases, with notably higher rates of tooth loss linked to dental caries and periodontal diseases. Peer Review History: Received 6 December 2025; Reviewed 11 January 2026; Accepted 14 February; Available online 15 March 2026 Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com Reviewers: Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, Nada_Hazem87@hotmail.com Dr. Nicola Micale, University of Messina, Italy, nmicale@unime.it

Background and Aims: A mandibular fracture, or jaw fracture, typically occurs at two sites in about 60% of cases, potentially limiting mouth opening and causing gum bleeding and misalignment of teeth. This study aimed to identify the bacterial causes of postoperative infections, the aetiology of fractures, surgical treatment, and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria from patients with maxillofacial fractures at the Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen. Materials and Methods: The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, treated thirty patients with maxillofacial fractures from January to December 2024. They used fracture fixation hardware and conducted follow-ups six months post-surgery. The study assessed the incidence of postoperative bacterial infections at surgical sites after hardware removal, employing standard microbiological techniques for isolate identification and the Kirby-Bauer method for antibiotic susceptibility testing, alongside collecting clinical and demographic data from participants. Results: Most fractures were open compound fractures (56.7%), all of which were mandibular fractures. For 60% of patients, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) was the most frequently used surgical procedure. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 27 (90%) of all isolates from surgical sites, with Klebsiella pneumoniae coming in second at 30%. Three instances (10%) had no bacterial growth. Amoxicillin, augmentin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline did not work at all against isolates of S. aureus. Conclusion: According to the survey, individuals aged 20 to 24 represented 56.7% of cases, primarily due to gunshot wounds. The bacterium S. aureus, noted for its significant multidrug resistance, was the most commonly isolated pathogen. Vancomycin emerged as the most effective treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infections. Peer Review History: Received 5 October 2025; Reviewed 9 November 2025; Accepted 17 December; Available online 15 January 2026 Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id Reviewers: Dr. Dina Abd Elfattah Eldakhs, Pharos university (PUA), Egypt, dina_eldakhs@yahoo.com Ahmed Tagelsir Mohamed Ali, National University, Sudan, ahmedtagelsir7@hotmail.com

Background and Aims: Bone grafting from the anterior iliac crest is a common and effective method for reconstructing large mandibular defects, as it provides a good source of cortical and cancellous bone. The anterior iliac crest is a preferred donor site due to the large amount of bone available, its anatomical similarity to the mandible, and the possibility of performing a two-team procedure, which reduces overall surgical time. However, potential complications at the donor site include pain, sensory changes, and gait disturbance. This study aimed to evaluate data from 11 patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction using the NVBG technique at our center. Materials and Methods: There were eleven individuals with mandibular reconstruction. Continuity defect and non-continuity defect patients were separated. Factors influencing success were examined, including immediate repair, smoking habit, medical comorbidities, defect site and size, surgical technique, and use of maxilla-mandibular fixation. Success was defined as the preservation of the bone graft for non-continuity defects (NCD) and the continuity and stability of the bone for continuity defects (CD), as well as the absence of infection at the most recent clinical and radiographic assessment. There were two categories for complications: minor and significant. Results: Reconstruction was successful in 12 procedures out of 13 procedures. Analyses showed that the size of the defect was strongly associated with failure. Three patients experienced major complications such as bacterial infection and non-union, and eight experienced minor complications. Conclusion: Non-vascularized iliac crest bone grafts achieve high success in restoring continuity of the mandible in fractures caused by gunshots, bomb explosions and should be considered the first choice for defects less than 6 cm in diameter. No defects larger than 5.5 cm were recorded in current study. Peer Review History: Received 1 October 2025; Reviewed 5 November 2025; Accepted 11 December; Available online 15 January 2026 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com Reviewers: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, vanina_edoo@yahoo.com

This study investigates the structural transformations in the concept of personal productivity for knowledge workers in light of the increasing dominance of Large Language Models (LLMs), with a particular focus on the "Art of Input" and "Prompt Engineering" as a cognitive competence and an intermediary technical skill. The research stems from the problem that the gap between the algorithmic capabilities of artificial intelligence and the tangible actual outputs is mainly attributed to a deficiency in the human user's "context engineering." Through a descriptive analytical methodology based on a critical review of the latest experimental studies and research reports, the study concluded that mastering advanced prompt engineering techniques leads to overcoming what is known as the "jagged technological frontier," achieving qualitative leaps in output quality and speed of accomplishment, especially among less technically skilled groups (Wharton School, 2025). The research also provides a scientific framework for integration models (Centaur & Cyborg) as future operating frameworks, recommending the necessity of integrating input art as a fundamental skill in academic curricula and professional development programs.

Date consumption is deeply rooted in Yemeni culture, yet its effect on glycemic response remains underexplored. This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of portion size and Basmala recitation on the Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) of Yemeni Sagai dates in 12 healthy adults. Participants consumed 2–6 dates, with or without Basmala, and postprandial glucose was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. GI and GL were calculated using incremental area under the curve (iAUC) values with a 50 g glucose reference. Results revealed a non-linear relationship between portion size and GI, with smaller portions (2–3 dates) producing unexpectedly high or moderate GI values, while larger portions did not always increase glycemic response proportionally. GL analysis showed moderate values for 2–3 dates and high values for 4–6 dates, highlighting the importance of portion control. Consumption with Basmala significantly reduced GI (63.3 vs. 78.4) and GL (39.9 vs. 49.4) compared to no recitation (P < 0.05), suggesting that mindful or spiritual practices may influence glucose metabolism. These findings align with Islamic teachings advocating moderate, odd-numbered consumption of dates with Basmala and emphasize a holistic approach integrating cultural, spiritual, and nutritional guidance.

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted the field of translation, introducing new possibilities through AI-driven translation tools and large language models (LLMs). The study evaluated the performance of selected AI-driven translation tools—Google Translate, Reverso, and Yandex—and LLMs—Chat GPT-4, Gemini-1.5-Pro, and Bing—in translating Arabic news texts into English. A quantitative research design was employed, using a corpus of twenty Arabic news texts sourced from Al-Jazeera Net, Russia Today, Al-Quds Al-Arabi, Asharq Al-Awsat, Marebpress, Alarabia Net, BBC Arabic. Translation errors were categorized into lexico-semantic, syntactic, and formatting types. Lexico-semantic errors were the most frequent (45.22%), followed by formatting and syntactic errors (32.27%) (22.50 %) respectively. Among all tools, Chat GPT-4 exhibited the lowest number of errors across all categories (19 out of 471), while Reverso recorded the highest (128 out of 471). Performance scores confirmed that Chat GPT-4 significantly outperformed the other tools, with Reverso scoring the lowest. Regarding translation accuracy, Chat GPT-4 ranked highest, followed by Bing. The remaining tools struggled to produce highly accurate translations of the selected news texts. These findings highlight the increasing effectiveness of (LLMs) in translating domain-specific content and emphasize the need for human post-editing to ensure the accuracy in professional translation settings.

This study aimed to propose a model for assessing the quality of English-to-Arabic literary translations, addressing significant limitations in existing translation quality assessment (TQA) models (e.g. House, 1997, 2015; Nord, 2001; Reiss, 2000). In response to limitations reported in the literature, the proposed model attempts to fill this gap in that it is more comprehensive as it covers 4 micro and 4 macro criteria, and an overall criterion “meaning accuracy”, which can be assessed by a 5-point scale to produce objective translation assessment. It was subjected to validity and practicality verification by a panel of 12 experts in translation studies, and was applied to some selected translated excerpts from The Bluest Eye (1970) and Beloved (1987). The study results revealed that there was a consensus of 88.8% among the validators, which is considered high as reported in the literature related to the Delphi method. Further, the application of the model to the selected excerpts revealed that the model can advance TQA by providing subtilty criteria that ensure both linguistic fidelity and literary integrity to assess translation quality. The inclusion of quantitative assessment to the model by involving inter-rater reliability and reader response might also yield objective translation assessment.

Background and Aim: The styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical bony projection that originates from the inferior part of the petrous temporal bone, directly in front of the stylomastoid foramen. Numerous ligaments, muscles, and nerves are intimately associated with the (SP). When the measurement is more than 30 mm, it is deemed elongated. ES which is typified by a variety of neck and head pains, as well as tinnitus, earache, trigeminal neuralgia, and headache, is related to the elongation of the SP (ESP).The reason of the survey was to look into the ESP prevalence, shape, and calcification pattern in the Yemeni community in Sana'a City, as well as how these factors relate to subgroups and gender. Methods: This study explored OPG of 1176 Yemeni subjects over the age of 14 years. Some radiograph together with a suspected SP was disregarded from the study. The obvious SP length was calculated by a single qualified maxillofacial and dental radiologist. The distributions of the SP according to sex, age, different types, styloid process length classifications, and differences in the mean length of the ESP in Yemenis were calculated. Results: The study screened Yemenis for Eagle syndrome, with 35% males and 65% women, with 49.3% having the condition. Styloid process elongation was categorized into elongated type I (20.4%), segmented type III (15.4%), pseudoarticulated type II (2.9%), and type IV elongation due to distant ossification (4.3%). The mean length of the ESP was 29.97±8.17 mm, with no significant differences detected in different age groups. Conclusion: With or without symptoms, panoramic radiographs are a cost-effective, readily available, and practical diagnostic technique for the early identification of an extended styloid process. Larger sample sizes, however, would be useful in determining how common this extended styloid process is among Yemenis in different areas. Peer Review History: Received 4 August 2025; Reviewed 11 September 2025; Accepted 18 October; Available online 15 November 2025 Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com Reviewers: Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Dr. Gülay B Anadolu, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, gbuyukko@anadolu.edu.tr