Yessenov University

Urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing environmental resilience in cities, particularly in arid regions characterized by water scarcity, soil salinity, and high climatic stress. However, arid coastal cities remain insufficiently studied with regard to spatially explicit assessments of the structure and dynamics of green infrastructure. This study evaluates the state and spatial organization of urban green infrastructure in Aktau, Kazakhstan, over the period 2015–2025, with the most recent satellite observations obtained in June 2025. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was used to calculate seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values, and zonal statistics were applied to assess intra-urban differentiation across functional zones. In addition, inventory-based indicators—Green Planting Density (GPD), Structural Composition of Greenery (SCG), and Protective Green Infrastructure (PGI)—were integrated to complement the remote sensing analysis. The results indicate a moderate overall increase in mean NDVI values (from 0.21 to 0.28), with the most significant growth observed in central and coastal areas (ΔNDVI = +0.12; ΔSAVI = +0.21), while industrial and newly developed zones exhibit only limited changes. Despite these localized improvements, the spatial configuration of green infrastructure remains fragmented, reflecting a persistent center–periphery asymmetry in urban greening. These results underline the importance of irrigation practices and spatially targeted greening strategies for improving vegetation conditions in arid urban environments. The proposed integrated approach combining satellite-derived vegetation indices and inventory-based indicators can serve as a useful tool for monitoring urban green infrastructure and supporting evidence-based planning in arid coastal cities.

This study examines mathematics teachers’ engagement with counterintuitive problems through a structured four-stage process: intuitive responses, reasoning, calculation, and peer discussion. Using convenience sampling method, 60 mathematics teachers from Kazakhstan’s Zhetysu Region were selected for the study. Data were collected using an adapted set of four counterintuitive mathematics tasks. Results revealed that initial intuitive responses frequently led to systematic errors. Reasoning explanations were often only partially correct, indicating that intuitive responses were grounded in incomplete conceptual models. Formal calculations improved accuracy across most tasks, though the average speed problem remained especially resistant to resolution. Peer discussion proved to be the most effective intervention, leading to substantial gains in correctness, particularly for the most counterintuitive tasks. Comparative analysis across the four stages revealed distinct learning trajectories, with collaborative reasoning consistently yielding the largest improvements. Regression analysis demonstrated a moderate positive relationship between reasoning quality and solution accuracy. These findings show the pedagogical value of counterintuitive problems for improving reasoning, conceptual understanding, and collaborative learning in mathematics education.

This article examines the legal function of freedom of speech in nomadic Kazakh society, where oral discourse played a central role in dispute resolution and social regulation. In the absence of written legislation, customary law and oral traditions formed the foundation of the legal system. The spoken word functioned not only as a means of communication but also as a legally recognised regulatory tool. The institution of biys (traditional judges), known for their eloquence and moral authority, resolved conflicts through persuasion and justice rather than coercion. Public assemblies reflected democratic principles, with freedom of speech ensuring openness, equality of voices, and collective decision-making. The study also highlights the legal significance of the principle of sozge toqtau (yielding to the word), a customary mechanism for achieving reconciliation and mutual understanding. The boys were the primary enforcers of this practice, which promoted peace and social cohesion. By analysing historical sources and oral practices, the article concludes that freedom of speech in Kazakh society served both cultural and legal functions, contributing to the development of national legal consciousness and the preservation of intangible cultural heritage. The purpose of the article is to reveal the legal and regulatory functions of freedom of speech in traditional Kazakh society, to analyze the institute of biys as a mechanism for pre-trial dispute resolution through the art of eloquence, and to substantiate the legal significance of the "sozge toktau" (conceding to a just word) principle within the system of Kazakh customary law.

Мақалада қоғамдық сананы жаңғырту жағдайында болашақ педагогтардың этнопедагогикалық құзыреттілігінің құрылымын анықтаудың теориялық-әдіснамалық тәсілдері талданған. Құзыреттіліктің негізгі компоненттері: когнитивтік, құндылық-мағыналық және іс-әрекеттік сипаттамалары қарастырылып, жоғары оқу орны практикасында оларды тиімді дамытуға ықпал ететін педагогикалық жағдайлар айқындалған. Зерттеу білім беру ортасын кешенді талдауды қамтамасыз ететін жүйелілік, құзыреттілік және мәдениеттанымдық тәсілдерге негізделген. Жұмыс барысында Абай атындағы Қазақ ұлттық педагогикалық университетінің 120 студенті арасында сауалнама жүргізіліп, оның нәтижелері 2023–2024 жылдар аралығындағы салыстырмалы динамикада зерттелген. Сондай-ақ профессор-оқытушылар құрамымен жартылай құрылымдалған сұхбат жүргізу және оқу бағдарламаларына этномәдени компоненттің енгізілу деңгейіне контент-талдау жасау әдістері қолданылған. Студенттердің басым бөлігінде (64%) этнопедагогикалық құзыреттіліктің қалыптасу деңгейі орташа екені анықталып, әдістемелік қолдауды жүйелеу қажеттілігі негізделген. Мақалада ұлттық құндылықтарды оқу үдерісіне инновациялық форматтар: цифрлық сторителлинг, этно-кейстер және геймификация элементтері арқылы кіріктірудің тиімділігі көрсетілген. Мультимедиялық технологияларды пайдалану және этнопедагогикалық жағдаяттарды интерактивті модельдеу болашақ мұғалімдердің мәдениетаралық сезімталдығын едәуір арттыратыны дәлелденген. Зерттеу нәтижесінде педагогикалық жоғары оқу орындарының оқу жоспарлары мен тәрбие жұмысы бағдарламаларының мазмұнын жаңарту бойынша практикалық ұсынымдар тұжырымдалған. Алынған қорытындылар полиэтникалық білім беру ортасында тиімді жұмыс істеуге және қоғамдық келісімді нығайтуға қабілетті кадрларды даярлау үшін жүйелі этнопедагогикалық тәсілді енгізудің маңыздылығын растайды. The article analyzes theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the structure of the ethnopedagogical competence of future teachers in the context of modernizing public consciousness. The study examines the key components of this competence—cognitive, value-semantic, and behavioral—and identifies the pedagogical conditions that facilitate their effective development in university practice. The research is based on systemic, competency-based, and culturological approaches, providing a comprehensive analysis of the educational environment. In the course of the work, an empirical study was conducted, including a survey of 120 students at the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University. The results were examined in comparative dynamics over the 2022–2024 period. Methods of semi-structured interviews with faculty members and content analysis of educational programs were applied to assess the degree of integration of the ethno-cultural component into the educational process. It was determined that for the majority of students (64%), the level of ethnopedagogical competence is average, which justifies the need for systematizing methodological support for learners. The article demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating national values into the educational process through such innovative formats as digital storytelling, ethno-cases, and elements of gamification. It is proved that the use of multimedia technologies and interactive modeling of ethnopedagogical situations significantly increases the intercultural sensitivity of future teachers. As a result of the study, practical recommendations were formulated for updating the content of curricula and educational work programs in pedagogical universities. The findings confirm the importance of implementing a systemic ethnopedagogical approach to prepare qualified personnel capable of effectively carrying out professional activities in a multi-ethnic educational environment and contributing to the strengthening of social harmony.

Университеттің ақпараттық жүйелері (АЖ) күрделі мультисервистік ортаны қалыптастырады. Мұндай АЖ-де цифрлық іздер (ЦІ) пайдаланушылардың белсенділігі туралы ақпараттың негізгі көзі болып табылады. Мақалада ЖОО АЖ ерекшеліктерін ескере отырып, абстракция деңгейі, шығу тегі, құрылымдылық дәрежесі, функционалдық мақсаты және құпиялылық деңгейі бойынша ЦІ жүйелендірілді. Корпоративтік, әлеуметтік және мультимедиялық жүйелердегі университеттік ЦІ мен іздердің түбегейлі айырмашылықтары көрсетілген. Бұл, атап айтқанда, олардың институционалдылығына, семантикалық қанықтылықтың жоғары деңгейіне және пассивті оқиғалардың үстемдігіне қатысты. ЖОО АЖ-гі пайдаланушылардың мінез-құлқын бағалаудың құрылымдық, кластерлік және жеке деңгейлерін біріктіретін ЦІ-ің интеллектуалды талдаудың көп деңгейлі әдісінің тұжырымдамалық моделі ұсынылған.

Asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) are a complex dispersed system formed by substances that have separated from the oil phase according to various signs. The sediments include asphaltenes, resins, paraffins, liquid hydrocarbons, mechanical impurities and water. In conditions of intensive deposition of ARPD, normal operation of wells is impossible without carrying out work using dewaxing equipment. The purpose of the treatment is the use of chemical reagents in the composition of the emulsion to affect the bottom-hole zone of the well formation and to remove ASF from underground equipment (UE). The objects of application of this technology are producing wells with decreasing current productivity due to the loss of ARPD. The applied technology should ensure the removal of deposits from the bottom-hole zone (BHZ) of the formation and thereby increase the productivity of the well. The article describes the development and testing of a nitrite composition to increase well productivity. The substantiation of scientific, technical and economic necessity for developing a composition that provides not only a high degree of washing of pore channels, but also a sufficiently high temperature of the process due to the use of the most economical method, i.e. exothermic reaction, is proposed. The paper develops a technology for using emulsions. The results of treating the bottomhole zone of production wells at the Uzen field with an emulsion based on natural gasoline and ammonium nitrite are presented.

This study investigates the modification of bitumen using mechanochemically devulcanized crumb rubber. The objective of this research is to enhance the performance characteristics of bituminous binders while addressing the inherent limitations associated with conventional crumb rubber (CCR), such as insufficient dispersion, elevated viscosity, and phase instability. Preliminary chemical activation of the crumb rubber was performed using a planetary ball mill, followed by thermomechanical devulcanization on a two-roll open mixing mill. Structural features of the devulcanized crumb rubber were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed the breakdown of S–S bonds. This study presents a comparative analysis of the performance characteristics of rubber–bitumen binders produced using both conventional rubber crumb (CRC) and devulcanized rubber crumb (DRC). The use of DCR, obtained mechanochemically from rubber waste, improved penetration, Fraass breaking point and the ring and ball softening point on average at high concentrations (20; 25% crumb rubber) compared to conventional crumb rubber by 33%, 66% and 2.4%, respectively. Optical microscopy revealed the formation of a uniform mesh-like rubber structure within the bitumen matrix, which contributes to enhanced performance characteristics of the modified binder and improved mechanical strength of the material. The key contribution of this work lies in the development and experimental validation of an efficient approach to deep devulcanization of crumb rubber via mechanochemical activation using readily available nitrogen-containing reagents. Furthermore, the study establishes a direct correlation between the degree of devulcanization, the dispersion quality of rubber particles within the bitumen matrix, and the resultant performance characteristics of the modified binder.

The utilization of renewable energy resources has been increasing in alignment with sustainable development goals, generating significant effects on economic indicators. In this context, examining the impact of renewable energy consumption on unemployment is of considerable importance for both economic policymakers and academic researchers. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether renewable energy consumption has a reducing effect on the unemployment rate. While investments in the renewable energy sector are generally believed to enhance employment, the direction and magnitude of this relationship may vary across countries. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between renewable energy consumption and unemployment in a sample of developed countries. To conduct the analysis, fixed effects and random effects models were applied using a panel data set. The findings indicate that renewable energy consumption contributes to a reduction in the unemployment rate. Additionally, GDP and trade openness, included in the model as control variables, exhibit statistically significant negative effects on unemployment. However, the effect of inflation on the unemployment rate is found to be insignificant. The results of this study are expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of renewable energy policies on employment. Furthermore, these findings provide valuable insights for assessing the role of energy policies in economic growth and labor market dynamics.

The systematic review investigates the effect of various educational technologies on the learning outcomes of diverse student populations, particularly focusing on assistive technology interventions for students with disabilities. The comprehensive analysis covers literature from 2012 to 2023. The study highlights the potential of AR and assistive technologies in fostering inclusive and engaging learning environments. Despite positive findings, the review emphasizes the imperative for further research to refine the implementation of these technologies and enhance their effectiveness. The systematic review of five databases provides crucial insights into the effectiveness of various assistive technologies. Mobile devices, iPads, and AR interventions emerge as frequently utilized tools. Research activity peaked in 2013 and 2018 and subsequently declined. Twelve studies focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder and emphasize the prioritization of ASD in assistive technology interventions. The research highlights the importance of adopting a holistic perspective on educational inclusion, emphasizing collaborative efforts among teachers, diverse teaching methods, and technology integration. Despite the promise shown by assistive technologies, the review acknowledges their limitations and advocates for ongoing research and innovation to refine their application across diverse educational contexts. The findings stress the importance of a nuanced interpretation of evidence, considering the challenges posed by the limited number of eligible studies. The review calls for careful consideration of future research directions to bolster the comprehensiveness and reliability of evidence synthesis in assistive technology interventions for students with disabilities.