Yueyang Changling Equipment Research Institute (China)

Abstract A 54‐day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance, digestive capacity, plasma biochemical indexes, and gene expression in Hefang crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ). Six experimental diets were prepared with protein levels of 21.7%, 24.0%, 29.4%, 34.0%, 38.0%, and 43.2%, respectively. Each diet treatment was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish, with an initial body weight of (14.60 ± 0.39) g per tank. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation. The results showed that weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) exhibited an upward trend with increasing dietary protein levels, and reached the highest value in the 43.2% protein group. Conversely, protein efficiency was significantly higher in the 24.0% protein group compared to the other protein groups ( p < 0.05). As dietary protein levels increased, there was a significant rise in the condition factor (CF), while both the hepatopancreas somatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude lipid of whole body experienced significant decreases ( p < 0.05). The intestinal trypsin activity was significantly elevated in the high‐protein groups (38.0% and 43.2% protein) compared to the low‐protein group (21.7% protein), whereas the plasma triglyceride concentrations exhibited a significant inverse relationship ( p < 0.05). However, at a dietary protein level of 43.2%, the lipid droplet content in the liver of Hefang crucian carp was significantly elevated compared to other experimental groups. Additionally, the group fed the diet with a protein level of 21.7% exhibited significantly higher lipid droplet content than the groups with protein levels of 24.0% and 34.0%. A curvilinear regression analysis indicated that the lipid droplet area in the liver was minimized at a dietary protein concentration of 29.9%. Regarding intestinal gene expression, the asct2 and lat2 genes exhibited the highest expression levels in the group supplemented with 43.2% protein. Conversely, the expression levels of pept1 and cdx2 genes initially decreased and subsequently increased as the dietary protein levels rose, achieving their peak in the low‐protein groups (21.7% and 24.0% protein) ( p < 0.05). Concerning hepatopancreas genes, the expression levels of tor , igf1 , and gh genes were significantly elevated in the 24.0% protein group compared to other treatment groups. Additionally, the expression levels of ghr were significantly higher in the 21.7% and 43.2% protein groups compared to the other treatment groups ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, Hefang crucian carp exhibited optimal growth performance at a dietary protein level of 43.2%, whereas a protein concentration of 29.9% was identified as the critical threshold for maintaining optimal liver health.

Seed germination is a critical developmental stage exhibiting high vulnerability to salt stress. The role of MYB transcription factors (TFs) in mediating this process in Cannabis sativa L. remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis and identified 115 CsMYB genes, which were phylogenetically classified into 12 distinct subgroups. In silico promoter analysis revealed a significant enrichment of abscisic acid (ABA)- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsive cis-elements, suggesting their potential linkage to phytohormone signaling pathways under stress conditions. To investigate their expression during salt stress, we profiled a subset of candidate CsMYB genes during seed germination under 150 mM NaCl treatment based on RNA-seq screening at 24 h post-imbibition (hpi) under salt stress. These candidates exhibited distinct temporal expression profiles: CsMYB33 and CsMYB44 were transiently induced at the early stage (12 h post-imbibition), while CsMYB14, CsMYB78, and CsMYB79 showed sustained upregulation from 24 h to 5 days. In contrast, CsMYB58 and CsMYB110 were downregulated. Synteny analysis indicated a closer evolutionary relationship between CsMYBs and their Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs compared to those in monocots. Protein-protein interaction predictions, based on orthology, further implicated these CsMYBs within putative ABA signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis networks. Collectively, our findings provide a systematic genomic identification and genomic characterization of the CsMYB family and propose a model for the potential multi-phase involvement of selected CsMYBs in the salt stress response during seed germination. This work establishes a foundational resource and identifies key candidate genes for future functional validation aimed at enhancing salt tolerance in C. sativa.

Pile fermentation is a crucial process for developing the characteristic mellow taste and aged aroma of dark tea, yet the internal quality transformation mechanism of this process is still unclear. This study employed a high-sensitivity analytical platform based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to systematically investigate the dynamic interplay between key chemical components, enzyme activities, and volatile compounds during the pile fermentation of primary dark tea. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in ester-type catechins, crude protein, and protopectin, alongside a notable accumulation of non-ester-type catechins, gallic acid, and soluble components. The multi-enzyme system—comprising PPO/POD, pectinase/cellulase, and protease—cooperatively drove the oxidation of phenols, cell wall degradation, and the release of aromatic precursors. This was complemented by GC-MS analysis, which identified and quantified 103 volatile compounds across nine chemical classes. The total content of volatile compounds increased significantly, with alcohols, esters, and aldehydes/ketones being the dominant groups. Floral and fruity compounds such as linalool and geraniol accumulated continuously, while esters exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. Notably, carotenoid degradation products, including β-ionone, were significantly enriched during the later stages. This study revealed a “oxidation–hydrolysis–reconstruction” metabolic mechanism co-driven by microbial activity and a multi-enzyme system, providing a theoretical foundation for the precise regulation of pile fermentation and targeted quality improvement of primary dark tea.

Amidst the paradigm shift in park city development from quantitative metrics to spatial performance, urban complex parks—a novel green space type developed privately yet fulfilling public functions—present an innovative approach to park provision in high-density urban areas. However, systematic empirical evidence on their social value remains scarce. This study characterizes urban complex parks as a new form of green public space that provides key ecosystem services and proposes a three-dimensional evaluation framework integrating “usage vitality, place attractiveness, and user satisfaction.” Analyzing 19 park-equipped complexes among 75 cases in Shanghai using LBS data and online reviews through controlled linear regression and comparative analysis, our results indicate complexes with parks were associated with significantly outperforming others in place attractiveness and user satisfaction. Key findings include associations with a 413.7 m increase in average OD distance, a 3.4–4.0% higher city-level visitor share, and 5.24 percentage points greater median positive review rate. Crucially, spatial location outweighs green ratio and size in determining social value. Ground-level parks, through superior spatial integration, function as effective “social-ecological interfaces,” significantly outperforming rooftop parks in attracting long-distance visitors, stabilizing foot traffic (≈3% lower fluctuation), and enhancing per-store visitation. This demonstrates that green space quality (experiential quality and spatial configuration) matters more than quantity. Our findings suggest that urban complex parks can create social value through perceivable naturalness and restorative environments, providing an empirical basis for optimizing park city implementation in high-density contexts and highlighting the need to reconcile broad attractiveness with equitable local access.

ABSTRACT Heat stress (HS) induces intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, and Bifidobacterium exhibits anti‐HS roles in the intestinal tract. l ‐theanine (LTA) increases intestinal Bifidobacterium abundance in HS‐exposed mice and may modulate Hsf1 to alleviate HS‐mediated intestinal immune injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study found that LTA alleviated HS‐induced MODE‐K cell inflammatory injury by modulating Hsf1, and this effect was absent when Hsf1 expression was inhibited. In heat‐stressed Hsf1 knockout (KO) mice, LTA failed to regulate colon immunity and the expression of Hsf1 and its target proteins Hsp70 and Hsph1. Bifidobacterium longum (BL) ameliorated HS‐induced intestinal injury in pseudo‐germ‐free mice and inhibited the expression of Hsf1 and its target proteins, indicating its potential against HS; LTA in combination with BL was more effective than BL or LTA alone in modulating the above indices. Compared to the BL group, 200 µM LTA intervention using an in vitro co‐culture system increased BL abundance. Moreover, the co‐culture supernatant increased MODE‐K cell viability and IL‐10 and sIgA secretion under HS conditions, and this effect was not conspicuous following the targeted inhibition of Hsf1. These findings suggest that LTA mediates Hsf1 modulation of intestinal immunity by increasing the abundance of B.longum to alleviate HS. These findings provide scientific evidence for the development of anti‐HS functional foods and the extensive application of LTA.

BjZIP1 is a plasma membrane-localized protein. Overexpression of BjZIP1 in yeast, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Brassica juncea hairy roots confirmed its role in promoting Cd/Zn uptake. Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils significantly threatens global food security. While Brassica juncea is recognized as a promising hyperaccumulator for phytoremediation, the specific transporters mediating its metal uptake remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify BjZIP1, a plasma membrane-localized protein that functions as a transporterfor cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) uptake in B. juncea. Heterologous expression of BjZIP1 in Cd-sensitive yeast mutant (Δyap1) increased intracellular accumulation of Cd and Zn by 17.8% and 25.0%, respectively, and consequently enhanced metal sensitivity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, BjZIP1 overexpression lines accumulated 31.1-58.3% more Cd and 1.68-2.48-fold higher Zn in roots under metal stress, which was accompanied by a growth inhibition phenotype. Crucially, BjZIP1-overexpressing B. juncea hairy roots accumulated 1.05-1.30-fold more Cd and 1.42-1.92-fold more Zn, alongside a concomitant exacerbation of cellular damage under Cd exposure. Collectively, our results establish BjZIP1 as a plasma membrane transporter responsible for Cd and Zn uptake in B. juncea, thereby providing a promising molecular target for genetic enhancement of phytoremediation efficiency.

This study addresses critical reliability management requirements for power generation equipment by proposing an enhanced Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methodology. Through an analysis of the limitations inherent in traditional Risk Priority Number (RPN) and Action Priority (AP) approaches for assessing complex failure chains, this research innovatively introduces the Risk Assessment Value (RAV) as a central metric, with particular emphasis on the quantitative evaluation of system failure detection and management capabilities. The methodology integrates structural and functional analysis of power generation equipment, failure chain construction, and multi-dimensional risk parameter evaluations to establish a comprehensive risk assessment process. Through a case study of an axial-flow induced draft fan within a thermal power plant, the feasibility and effectiveness of the RAV indicator in identifying high-risk failure chains, optimizing inspection protocols, and formulating maintenance strategies are empirically validated. The research demonstrates that this approach provides a scientific basis for enhancing the reliability and ensuring the operational safety of inservice power generation equipment, offering substantial engineering application value.

Next-generation transportation and industrial systems are characterized by a continuously increasing number of integrated software functionalities and computational performance requirements. Nevertheless, there is also a need to reduce the cost, number, size, power consumption, volume and weight of integrated dependable embedded systems. In this context, virtualization technology enables the reconciliation of these challenges supporting the integration of multiple software functionalities of mixed-criticality (real-time and non-real-time, safety and non-safety-related) on a single computing device. This survey provides an overview of virtualization solutions (hypervisors, microkernels, and separation kernels) and categorizes research contributions addressing virtualization, real-time, dependability, and domain-specific technological challenges.