Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute

Ecosystems are interconnected networks of diverse habitat types, rather than isolated patches. However, the role of the multi‐habitat landscape in influencing microbial diversity remains poorly understood. This study investigates bacterial and fungal communities within a 2500‐year agricultural heritage system, the Mulberry‐dyke and Fish‐pond (MF), which integrates various terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Using amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and genomic analyses, these findings reveal a significant proportion of unclassified microbial taxa, underscoring the importance of MF systems as an untapped reservoir of microbial genetic resources. Moreover, single‐nucleotide‐level analyses demonstrate that a multi‐habitat landscape enhances microbial diversity through ecosystem‐wide assembly, facilitated by cross‐habitat microbial dispersal. Taxa found across multiple habitats exhibit convergence in microdiversity and adaptive genetic traits, indicating both ecological and functional mechanisms underlying their adaptability. A global analysis of public microbiome datasets furthermore confirms that regions with higher habitat heterogeneity support significantly higher taxonomic and functional diversity of microbiomes. Overall, this study sheds new light on the overlooked microbial diversity in traditional agricultural heritages and emphasizes the value of ancestral ecological wisdom underlying multi‐habitat integration for ecosystem management. These insights offer valuable guidance for developing sustainable agricultural strategies, enhancing microbial diversity, and reinforcing ecosystem resilience in the face of global change.

Abstract Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with therapeutic cargos offer promise for therapeutic applications in various diseases. Yet, engineering EVs with optimal functions presents a significant challenge that necessitates the precise selection of functionally specialized vesicles and a proper engineering strategy. Here, magnesium oxide‐incorporated apoptotic bodies (MgO@ABs) are developed by isolating ABs from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after MgO exposure. MgO@ABs mitigate tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) induced dysfunction in HUVECs and promote M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in vitro. When administered in vivo via injection into ischemic skin flaps, MgO@ABs effectively stimulate angiogenesis, reduce oxidative stress, and suppress inflammation, thereby improving flap survival. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis reveals that MgO@ABs potentially enhance flap survival by activation of the PI3K‐Akt axis. This study highlights a promising approach for treating ischemic skin flaps and offers valuable insights and inspiration for advancing tissue engineering research centered on ABs.

IntroductionIn the context of Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture, the incorporation of oyster shells has proven beneficial for enhancing water quality and the growth conditions of the shrimp. Nonetheless, the specific effects of in-situ water treatment using oyster shells on water quality and shrimp growth, along with the composition and succession dynamics of the microbial community within oyster shell biofilms, have yet to be thoroughly investigated.MethodsThis study established control, low-concentration, and high-concentration oyster shell addition groups to emulate the in-situ water treatment environment with oyster shells, with the objective of elucidating the impacts of oyster shell addition on the aquaculture setting.ResultsThe results showed that the addition of oyster shells could significantly improve the length (F = 12.248, P = 0.005), weight(F = 138.234, P < 0.001), and survival rate (F = 15.248, P < 0.001) of shrimp, while there were no significant differences in the length (F = -1.233, P = 0.267) and survival rate (F = -2.143, P = 0.076) between the high and low concentration groups. Additionally, oyster shell addition resulted in elevated phosphate levels (F = 74.92, P < 0.001 in Day 70), diminished nitrite levels (F = 5.276, P = 0.031 in Day 56), and increased nitrate concentrations (F = 9.421, P = 0.006 in Day 70). Within the biofilms, the relative abundances of Ruegeria, Tenacibaculum, BD2- 11_terrestrial_group, and Kapabacteriales exhibited significant declines over time, whereas the relative abundance of Nitrospira demonstrated a marked increase, ultimately emerging as the predominant bacterium (Relative abundance 31.8%) in the biofilms during the latter stages of the experiment. Nitrospira also exhibited a notably higher relative abundance in the microbial community of the experimental water group relative to the control group (F = 2.265, P = 0.001).DiscussionThe biofilm provided conditions for the proliferation of Nitrospira, thereby accelerating the transformation of nitrite into nitrate in the aquaculture system, which subsequently improved the shrimp farming conditions. This research offers valuable insights for the application of oyster shells in shrimp farming and contributes to the theoretical underpinnings necessary for advancing our understanding of the mechanisms through which oyster shell biofilms enhance water quality and foster shrimp health.

Abstract In the context of Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture, the incorporation of oyster shells has proven beneficial for enhancing water quality and the growth conditions of the shrimp. Nonetheless, the specific effects of in-situ water treatment using oyster shells on water quality and shrimp growth, along with the composition and succession dynamics of the microbial community within oyster shell biofilms, have yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study established control, low-concentration, and high-concentration oyster shell addition groups to emulate the in-situ water treatment environment with oyster shells, with the objective of elucidating the impacts of oyster shell addition on the aquaculture setting. The results showed that the addition of oyster shells exerted positive influences on shrimp length, weight, and survival rate, without significant disparities between the high and low concentration groups. Additionally, oyster shell addition resulted in elevated phosphate levels, diminished nitrite levels, and increased nitrate concentrations. Within the biofilm, the relative abundances of Ruegeria, Tenacibaculum, BD2-11_terrestrial_group, and Kapabacteriales exhibited significant declines over time, whereas the relative abundance of Nitrospira demonstrated a marked increase, ultimately emerging as the predominant bacterium in the biofilm during the latter stages of the experiment. Nitrospira also exhibited a notably higher relative abundance in the microbial community of the experimental water group relative to the control group. This research offers valuable insights for the application of oyster shells in shrimp farming and contributes to the theoretical underpinnings necessary for advancing our understanding of the mechanisms through which oyster shell biofilms enhance water quality and foster shrimp health.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated disease that involves apoptosis and mitophagy. MST1 is a pro-apoptotic factor. Hence, decreasing its expression plays an anti-apoptotic effect. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of MST1 inhibition on OA and the underlying processes. Immunofluorescence (IF) was used to detect MST1 expression in cartilage tissue. Western Blot, ELISA and IF were used to analyse the expression of inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, apoptosis and mitophagy-associated proteins. MST1 expression in chondrocytes was inhibited using siRNA and shRNA invitro and invivo. Haematoxylin-Eosin, Safranin O-Fast Green and alcian blue staining were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of inhibiting MST1. This study discovered that the expression of MST1 was higher in OA patients. Inhibition of MST1 reduced inflammation, ECM degradation and apoptosis and enhanced mitophagy invitro. MST1 inhibition slows OA progression invivo. Inhibiting MST1 suppressed apoptosis, inflammation and ECM degradation via promoting Parkin-mediated mitophagy and the Nrf2-NF-κB axis. The results suggest that MST1 is a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoarthritis as its inhibition delays the progression of OA through the Nrf2-NF-κB axis and mitophagy.