Zygo (United States)

By means of using a unique dataset and input-output (IO) techniques this paper offers a first attempt to conduct a detailed assessment of the possible macroeconomic and environmental effects generated in the national economy of Poland by installation and use of photovoltaic infrastructure. The data comes from two sources: the most recent available macroeconomic data published by the Central Statistical Office of Poland and an original dataset developed by the Energy Transition Observatory (ETO) - a strategic project run between 2023 and 2025 by AGH University of Krakow, the Ministry of Climate and Environment of Poland, and the National Centre for Nuclear Research. To the best of our knowledge the ETO dataset is the very first attempt to collect environmental data on the size and sectoral distribution of CO2 emissions, as well as sectoral CAPEX and OPEX data for three development scenarios and four capacity ranges of PV installations in Poland. These indicators were obtained from the National Chamber of Energy Clusters and Renewable Energy Sources and comprise actual data observed for 2021-2025 along with expert-based predictions defined for 2026-2040. Based on the compiled dataset, unit construction-stage IO multipliers and unit operational-stage IO multipliers were calculated using an extended input-output model, which set the ground for estimating the dynamics of three types of PV-induced macroeconomic effects as well as the carbon footprint for the three considered development scenarios of the PV sector in Poland until 2040. The results obtained can contribute to more effective energy policy-making in Poland as they show that development of PV industry in Poland will likely result in stable economic stimulus over the next 15 years. These effects are especially important in case of new jobs generated by investments and O&M of PV installation in Poland which - depending on the scenario examined - are about to reach the level of 20-40 thousands of full time contracts each year over the period 2026-2040. The outcomes obtained are therefore important from the perspective of ensuring fair energy transition in Poland.

Coating meter-class optics for fusion and high-energy applications is a formidable challenge. Key pre-coating obstacles include the availability of large chambers, the process for handling heavy substrates, and the equipment required for cleaning and inspecting the optics. Overcoming these hurdles is essential before a coating can be deemed viable. Once the optic is loaded into the chamber, the coating process must be optimized and controlled to ensure the desired uniformity, deposition time, and laser damage resistance. To address these demands, a 72-inch chamber has been upgraded with a counter-rotating planetary rotation. This enhancement not only maximizes the size of the optic that can be coated but also retains the advantages of planetary rotation for ion-assisted deposition of electron beam coatings. Optics up to 40 inches are studied for spectral performance, laser-induced damage threshold, and uniformity across both curved and planar surfaces. Custom masking is tailored to the optic's size and shape, utilizing deposition models to cover the required area and geometries. The coatings under examination include single wavelength antireflective coatings, broadband anti-reflective coatings, and multi-band high reflector coatings for various angles of incidence. Theoretical and experimental data on coating uniformity are presented and compared, demonstrating excellent correlation. Current uniformity achieves performance is within 0.5% for planar optics and 1% for curved optics with a 1.5- inch SAG over a 30-inch diameter. With this alignment between theoretical and experimental results, it is feasible to develop coating processes for larger optics, up to 43 inches, with equally controlled uniformity using planetary rotation.

BackgroundDespite the increasing approval and ongoing clinical trials of FGFR-targeted therapies, accurately detecting FGFR fusions remains a challenge due to limited research, low incidence rates, complex fusion partner distribution, and unique kinase domain distribution.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter study to comprehensively profile FGFR fusions in the largest Chinese pan-cancer cohort to date, comprising 118 FGFR fusions from 114 individuals. Both DNA- and RNA-based sequencing approaches were utilized to reveal novel and fundamental features of FGFR fusion.ResultsOur research reveals an incidence rate of 0.96% for FGFR rearrangements within this Chinese cohort, including a high incidence rate of FGFR fusions (40%) in parotid gland carcinoma. However, this is based on a small sample size of 5 tumors and should be interpreted cautiously pending validation in larger cohorts. We also uncovered distinct breakpoint distribution patterns across various FGFR rearrangements. For example, a primary breakpoint in intron17 of FGFR2 was predominant (21/22), while FGFR1/3 breakpoints displayed substantial diversity. For the first time, we identified “hot” breakpoints in FGFR1 intron17, exon18, and FGFR3's 3’ untranslated region. These findings underline the importance of incorporating these regions in targeted sequencing to ensure comprehensive detection of FGFR1/3 fusions. Notably, we observed a predilection for intrachromosomal distribution in common FGFR1/2/3 fusions. In contrast, most novel fusions (12/15) exhibited an interchromosomal distribution pattern, indicating variations in the fusion formation mechanism. Importantly, our study demonstrates the substantial incremental value of RNA-NGS or other orthogonal methods in confirming the functionality of FGFR rearrangements initially identified by DNA sequencing. In our cohort, 46% (6/13) of rare FGFR1/2/3 fusions lacked detectable RNA transcripts; however, this does not definitively indicate non-functionality as factors such as low RNA quality, expression below detection limits, or nonsense-mediated decay may contribute. Therefore, RNA-based validation is critical for accurately identifying potentially targetable FGFR fusions and guiding therapy.ConclusionOur findings offer critical novel insights into functional FGFR fusions and bear considerable clinical implications for identifying individuals whose tumors are most likely to respond favorably to FGFR-targeted therapies.

Over the past three decades, the fusion of optical and digital technologies has resulted in many optical innovations. The development spans from the first digital cameras over the development of diffractive and refractive micro-optical systems in the 90s over the ongoing miniaturization of objective lenses for smart phones including aspheric and freeform surfaces to the most fascinating devices for the XR (extended reality) and smart eyewear markets such as waveguide displays which have redefined the way to design modern optical systems entirely. Alongside these innovations, new fabrication technologies have been developed, or the boundaries of existing ones have been pushed multiple times. This also holds for the realm of optical assembly where stacking techniques borrowed from semiconductor chip manufacturing are used. Consequently, new, or redefined requirements on the metrology of optical components and assemblies have emerged. Today’s optical systems require the testing of individual components as well as testing mechanical relations between them as well as testing sub-assemblies or final assemblies. Often, it is even necessary to characterize buried surfaces or interfaces by looking through and mapping out the errors of other optical components. In this overview presentation, we review some of the crucial metrology developments for digital optics and discuss the problems to be solved and the metrology requirements for a number of selected exemplary applications.

An algorithm for processing a stepped surface measurement to evaluate the instrument transfer function of an interference microscope using the topographical edge test is presented, showing agreement with a scalar diffraction-based calculation.

Aging and age-associated disease are a major medical and societal burden in need of effective treatments. Cellular reprogramming is a biological process capable of modulating cell fate and cellular age. Harnessing the rejuvenating benefits without altering cell identity via partial cellular reprogramming has emerged as a novel translational strategy with therapeutic potential and strong commercial interests. Here, we explore the aging-related benefits of partial cellular reprogramming while examining limitations and future directions for the field.

The purpose of this quality improvement project is to assess and improve the quality of splint application in the emergency department (ED), as well as the splint application confidence level of the ED staff. Consistent and high-quality splint application is critical in fracture stabilization and prevention of further injury. Significantly high turnover and a lack of formal training of ED staff has led to poor splint application, and in some cases, patient injuries related to the splints themselves. These injuries include pain, edema, and skin complications (A. P. Carino, 2017). A random, Likert-based analysis was performed on 20 ED-applied splints. Once analysis was complete, training courses were implemented to improve splint application techniques. Using the same Likert-based tool, applications of 20 posttraining splints were analyzed. In addition, ED staff confidence levels were scored before and after the training courses. Overall, statistically significant improvement was achieved in splint application quality and staff confidence. Correct splint applications increased from 50% to 95% after the educational sessions. Staff confidence in splint application also increased, from 35% to 77.1%. Quality splint application affects all patients. The higher risk population is more likely to suffer the consequences of poor splint application. This project had a positive impact on the region's marginalized patient population. These patients have limited resources, including lack of transportation, financial limitations, and typically are at higher risk for complications due to comorbidities.

The path of enlightenment consists imitating of Jesus by practicing the virtues, especially the supernatural ones. The condition for this development of virtues is a some purity of heart. Man has to put his passions in order and fight with his major weaknesses. Then comes self-control, order in everyday life, deep conviction of the truths of faith, and more time to talk with the Lord during prayer. To achieve this state, a Christian must to pass a process of passive purification, which leads him into the mystical life. All imperfections must be removed. Therefore, God’s intervention is needed, which is expressed through special inspirations. Then the gifts of the Holy Spirit enable us to receive them. The Christian experiences passive purifications of senses and of spirit. This state can be compared to the purification of the senses. The purification of the soul is compared to the purification of gold in a crucible. In this state, prayer develops from meditation to emotional prayer. The Christian must therefore remove the obstacles in the development of prayer.

The article contains reflections on the growing importance of intercultural education in the context of Polish pedagogical literature. Statistics related to the internationalization of the Polish social context are explored. The following scientific journals in Poland and Europe were selected, considered important in the discursive space of social pedagogy and social work: European Journal of Social Work, International Journal of Social Pedagogy, Pedagogika Społeczna quarterly, Pedagogika Społeczna NOVA (Social Education NOVA), Praca Socjalna (Social Work) and the journal Edukacja Międzykulturowa (Intercultural Education). Their content was analyzed in terms of topics in the field of intercultural education with the use of quantitative systematic semantic analysis to establish how many articles (directly related to intercultural education and intercultural context) and in what periods were published in the selected journals. This part of the article is its empirical section, based on desk research of the existing documents. The thesis on the growing importance of intercultural education in the fields of social pedagogy and social work was presented and arguments in support of this thesis were formed.