nLIGHT (United States)

Many older individuals suffer from chronic knee joint pain due to osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), also known as total knee replacement, is a surgical procedure designed to replace a damaged knee joint with artificial implants. TKA can significantly reduce or eliminate this pain. However, depression or cognitive decline may affect the therapeutic outcome of TKA in older individuals. When performing TKA in older people, it is necessary to screen for and address mental function.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) poses a significant burden on both patient and caregiver. Currently treatments for CSU are inadequate for some patients. TLL-018, an oral TYK2/JAK1 inhibitor, is under investigation for CSU treatment. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TLL-018 for treating moderate-to-severe CSU in patients who had an inadequate response to antihistamines. In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group pilot study (NCT05373355), patients with CSU who showed an inadequate response to antihistamines received either 10 mg or 30 mg of TLL-018, or placebo orally twice daily. After 4 weeks, patients on placebo were switched to 20 mg of TLL-018, and continuing treatment for an additional 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety, while secondary endpoints included efficacy measures, such as weekly Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7) ≤ 6, UAS7 = 0, and a Dermatology Life Quality Index of 0 or 1 at weeks 4 and 12. The study involved of 41 patients. At week 4, the ANCOVA versus change from placebo of UAS7/weekly Itch Severity Score/weekly Hive Severity Score were -11.5/-8.0/-3.8 in the 10-mg groups and -16.0/-9.0/-7.0 in the 30-mg groups. At week 12, the percentages achieving UAS7 ≤ 6 and UAS7 = 0 were 53.8%/38.5%, 71.4%/64.3%, and 61.5%/53.8% in the placebo-to-20 mg, the 10-mg, and the 30-mg TLL-018 groups, respectively. Common treatment-emergent adverse events included elevated serum creatine kinase and blood lipid levels, hyperglycemia, and urinary occult blood. TLL-018 was well-tolerated and effective in treating moderate-to-severe CSU in patients who had an inadequate response to antihistamines.

Negotiation is as old as human society, yet its professionalization is still underway. This article traces its long journey — from ancient diplomacy and collective bargaining to the rise of game theory, the Harvard paradigm, and behavioral science — showing how ideas and practices gradually shifted negotiation from an individual craft to a discipline that can be taught, scaled, and embedded in organizations. It highlights newer dimensions such as cross-cultural competence and digital technologies, which have broadened both the reach and the demands of modern negotiation. The article argues that we are now entering a formative stage: universities, training networks, competitions, and associations are building infrastructure, while businesses treat negotiation as a strategic capability. Taken together, these developments suggest that negotiation is not only a vital human activity but increasingly a profession in the making.

Jasmonic and salicylic acids are key hormones involved in plant responses to pests and pathogens. Existing fluorescence-based approaches to imaging plant defence hormones are constrained by the need for external illumination and by autofluorescence of plant tissues, while luminescence-based ones require exogenous substrates. Here, we use jasmonate- and salicylate-responsive promoters to engineer autoluminescent plants that report hormone signalling activity with up to a 53-fold contrast. Using consumer-grade cameras, we image reporter Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana plants throughout normal development and in response to pest and pathogen attacks, visualising local and systemic responses. Because the luminescence is self-sustained, these reporters enable non-invasive, substrate-free imaging of defence signalling over extended time courses without specialised equipment.

ABSTRACT Tetraphenylethene (TPE) is a classic structural motif frequently incorporated into materials for optoelectronic devices due to its structural versatility. However, when used in perovskite solar cells, these TPE‐based layers exhibit suboptimal interfacial compatibility, leading to inefficient charge carrier extraction and reduced device stability. To address these issues, we have introduced hydrophobic fluorinated phenyl groups onto the TPE structure, electron transport interfacial materials, such as 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis(2',3',4',5',6'‐pentafluoro‐[1,1'‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)ethene ( TFP‐TPE, 1 ) and 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis(3',5'‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐[1,1'‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)ethene ( TFMP‐TPE, 2 ). X‐ray diffraction study shows that both TPE molecules 1 and 2 were significantly twisted. These fluorinated materials effectively inhibit molecular aggregation, enhance surface wettability, and form strong bonds with perovskite precursors. As a result, it leads to a slower perovskite crystallization rate, improved interfacial quality, and enhanced charge carrier collection. Steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal enhanced electron extraction and transport properties in PSCs incorporating perfluorophenyl‐substituted TPE 1 as an interlayer. PSCs incorporating 1 set a new benchmark with an efficiency of 25.29%. To the best of our knowledge, this represents one of the highest efficiencies achieved with an interfacial material in PSCs. Moreover, unencapsulated devices incorporating 1 exhibit exceptional stability under humid conditions and elevated temperatures. This work highlights a highly effective and economically viable strategy for advancing organic interfacial materials in PSC applications, where the stronger hydrophobic character of TFP‐TPE over TFMP‐TPE plays a critical role in enhancing both efficiency and stability.

ABSTRACT Immersion gratings, a combination of reflective grating layers and a prism, enable spectrometers to achieve high dispersion and throughput. However, existing immersion gratings still face limitations in terms of operating bandwidth and preparation costs. Here, we propose a broadband internally reflective super‐wavelength immersion grating (SWIG) with a deep‐layer structure, which operates over a 400–1000 nm wavelength range. The SWIG shows several advantages throughout the operating band: first, unpolarized efficiencies exceeding 44.7% (up to 85%); second, polarization sensitivity suppression within 9%; third, incidence angle tolerance greater than 20°; and fourth, good dispersion uniformity. In addition, we demonstrate in detail a low‐cost fabrication scheme for SWIGs using imprint replication techniques. Optical measurements of the SWIG samples show good agreement with theoretical calculations, proving the feasibility of the fabrication scheme. This work provides strong support for promoting the wide application of high‐performance and low‐cost grating components in hyperspectral cameras.

ABSTRACT To tackle the significant challenge of achieving the frequency domain and time domain resource allocation on the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite return link, we develop a two‐tier “Carrier Planning‐Timeslot Allocation” cooperative resource‐management framework to optimize system efficiency and different quality of service (QoS) for diverse user demands simultaneously. The Dynamic Planning Carrier Configuration (DPCC) algorithm continuously reconfigures the frequency carrier set through a multi‐layer aggregation and proportional allocation procedure, in which the share granted to each carrier tier is steered by the weighted traffic demand of every priority class and the prevailing channel fading severity. The Timeslot Allocation under Fixed Carriers Set (TAFCS) algorithm initially utilizes a modulation and coding (MODCOD) update mechanism to exploit favorable channel conditions. Then it conducts scheduling in three successive phases “priority‐driven allocation, idle‐slot aggregation and reuse, and residual‐request slicing”. Extensive Satellite Network Simulator 3 simulations show that TAFCS alone outperforms the first‐fit algorithm and the Reserve Channel with Priority (RCP)‐fit algorithm, boosting timeslot utilization and return channel satellite terminal (RCST) response rates by roughly 8%–11% while meeting QoS targets across high‐/medium‐/low‐priority traffic. When DPCC is introduced, the simulation under seven scenarios with diverse traffic and channel dynamics confirms that the DPCC‐TAFCS framework markedly surpasses single‐layer TAFCS on both system efficiency and QoS support, while demonstrating robust effectiveness under harsh link conditions.

Gold mining in the United States has experienced a significant growth over the last 10 years. This expansion has established the United States as the second largest gold producer in the world, with approximately two-thirds of this production coming from Nevada. This very positive trend has created the opportunity to improve tailing storage facility design and operations to meet ever-increasing environmental performance standards. Current designs call for lined storage basins overlain by blanket drainage systems which serve to reduce hydraulic head on the liner, thus seepage through the liner, as well as increasing efficiencies in the return of process fluids which would otherwise have been lost from the system. Integrated planning and design processes for all mine and mill waste have helped reduce disposal costs while providing stable, environmentally sound deposits. Current, historic and future trends in technological advancements in design of tailing storage facilities are presented based primarily on a number of Nevada operations as well as other United States and international operations.