Сопоставление возможностей опросника «Анализ семейных взаимоотношений» и «Родительского сочинения» как методик для оценки родительского отношения матерей в судебной психологической экспертизе по спорам о воспитании

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of determining the place of residence of a child during martial law in Ukraine. It is determined that cases regarding the determination of the child's place of residence are quite complex (due to the subject composition, sphere of relations, etc.), but under martial law they are further complicated by the impossibility of enforcement of court decisions, the lack of effective control over compliance with such execution and the objective limitation of judicial discretion in terms of making the final decision. Attention is focused on the positions of the Supreme Court in cases regarding the determination of the child's place of residence. The article assesses the mediatoriness of cases regarding the problems of determining the child's place of residence during martial law in Ukraine. The authors came to the conclusion that in cases of determining the child's place of residence during martial law in Ukraine, the only effective way to seek consensus and implement agreements between the parties or a court decision is the mediation procedure as an alternative way to resolve the conflict. In resolving a family law dispute, mediation is quite effective, since it not only contributes to the resolution of a legal dispute between the parties, but also directly affects the family conflict as a prerequisite for its occurrence. When conducting mediation in determining the child's place of residence, it is important to take into account two factors: 1) taking into account the child's opinion when deciding on all issues concerning him/her; 2) the legal possibility for a child to conclude two types of transactions – a mediation agreement and an agreement based on the results of mediation. It is concluded that it is possible to conclude a mediation agreement and an agreement based on the results of mediation by a person who has reached the age of 14, but with the consent of the child's parents (adoptive parents) and his/her legal representatives, the minor child does not have the necessary amount of civil capacity to conclude transactions in the field of mediation, and therefore his/her participation in the procedure as a party to mediation is excluded. The issue of mediation with persons with manifestations of PTSD is considered. It is proposed to strengthen and expand the possibilities of consular registration to establish the actual stay of one of the parents with the child abroad. The need to use online means of video communication for the participation of the parent who does not live with the child and is abroad in the upbringing of the latter is emphasized.

Tendo em vista que a perícia psicológica é uma atividade profissional recente, este estudo exploratório investigou a percepção de psicólogos acerca dessa prática em casos de suspeita de abuso sexual cometido contra crianças e adolescentes. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, em 2011, com 12 psicólogos que atuavam como peritos em Institutos Médico-Legais (IMLs) das seguintes capitais: Natal, Palmas, Brasília, Goiânia, Florianópolis e Porto Alegre. A análise de conteúdo permitiu a identificação de categorias que englobaram a relevância da perícia psicológica, percepções sobre os IMLs e seu espaço físico, conhecimento técnico e amparo às supostas vítimas e familiares. Foram também verificadas dificuldades, avanços e expectativas em relação à área. Conclui-se ressaltando a necessidade de formação específica, assim como divulgação acerca dessa prática, o que poderia levar a um maior reconhecimento do papel exercido pelo perito psicólogo.

Currently, there is no standardized protocol for the evaluation of situations of sexual abuse. Thus, this study investigated the techniques used by psychologists in forensic examinations in cases of suspected child and adolescent sexual abuse in the context of the criminal investigation. Semi-structured interviews, which were qualitatively analyzed using the WebQDA software, were applied with twelve psychologists who work as expert witnesses in the Medical-Legal Institute of six Brazilian capitals. The results showed a diversity of actions taken in the forensic examination practice, as well as consensus and controversy regarding the use of psychological testing and the credibility assessment of the report. Flexibility in conducting the forensic examinations by the teams was also observed, with the techniques used adapted according to the needs. The importance of the diversity of techniques was highlighted, as these aim to assist the expert witness to come to reliable conclusions, as well as maintain the rigor and technical quality of the evaluation.

Background: Societal, professional views and parenting styles have evolved tremendously over the years.Thus, it is important to understand the parental perceptions on the various factors influencing child behaviourin the dental clinic.Aim: To record and evaluate the parent’s views regarding the various factors that influence child behaviourin a dental clinic.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 164 parents who were asked tocomplete a close-ended questionnaire divided into 4 categories- dentist, dental clinical settings, dentaltreatments and child related factors. This data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: According to the study results, the parents perceived that the dental treatments and dental settingsplayed a significant role (p< 0.05) that affected the child’s behaviour in a dental clinic. There was nosignificant differences between the “yes” and “no” responses for the dentist and child related factors.Conclusion: The parental attitudes and styles are constantly changing as the society evolves. Thus it isimportant to understand and reassess their beliefs and update our way of managing the dental setup andtreatments regularly.

Effect of Parental Attitudes on Skills of Emotional Management in Young Adults

The article is devoted to the evolution of procedures for resolving disputes between separated parents regarding the determination of the place of residence of their child(ren). The article reflects the peculiarities of resolving disputes between parents concerning children, which took place at the main historical stages in the territory of modern Ukraine. The author emphasizes the necessity of using historical and legal experience in the regulation of family relations and resoling family conflicts. The author reiterates that historical and legal analysis of family relations` regulation and the development of the procedure for resolving family disputes is carried out with the aim of understanding and applying historical and legal experience, identifying the main basis of views in Ukrainian society on the fundamental provisions on which relationship between parents and children are based, as well as a legal procedure of determination of the child's place of residence. The article shows main features of the judiciary and the resolving disputes regarding the determination of the child's place of residence, which correspond to different historical periods from Scythia to the reсоvery of Ukraine's independence at the present stage. In particular, attention was paid to the periods of existence of the patriarchal and matriarchal order in the family life, the development of the rights of the child, the discovery of his interests, the development of the court system and civil judiciary. It is proposed to single out the stages of evolution of the rules of civil procedure and standards of family law, which regulated and still regulate the procedure of the determination of the place of residence of a minor child on the territory of Ukraine.

Abstrak: Pola asuh merupakan perilaku serta sikap orangtua penjaga dalam membina kelangsungan hidup anak, perkembangan serta membagikan proteksi kepada anak secara merata baik raga, sosial ataupun spiritual buat menciptakan anak yang berkepribadian. Pola asuh ialah kegiatan lingkungan yang mencangkup bermacam-macam tingkah laku khusus yang bekerja sama secara individual serta serentak dalam mempengaruhi tingkah laku anak (Silalahi serta Minamo, 2010: 164). Orang tua Single Parent ialah kenyataan yang makin dianggap biasa pada warga modern, orang tua yang terpaksa mengalaminya baik karena bercerai atau pasangan hidupnya meninggal dunia tidak perlu terpuruk lama-lama karena mampu belajar banyak hal, seperti media massa atau orang yang mengalaminya (Meyland, 2019). Penelitian kualitatif adalah suatu penelitian ilmiah, yang bertujuan untuk memahami adanya fenomena dalam konteks sosial secara alami dengan mengedepankan proses interaksi komunikasi yang mendalam antara peneliti dengan fenomena yang diteliti. (Haris Herdiansyah, 2015). Berdasarkan temuan penelitian di lapangan, pola asuh orangtua single parent masing- masing subjek memiliki cara pengasuhan yang berbeda- beda, dan terdapat 3 jenis pola asuh Peneliti melihat bahwa fenomena pada pola asuh orangtua single parent di Desa Purwodadi Donomulyo Malang sebagai fenomena yang di latar belakangi oleh suatu hal. Dimana orangtua tersebut memiliki alasan dan tujuan tertentu. hasil penelitian terdapat tiga subjek orangtua single parents tersebut memiliki kesamaan dan perbedaan dalam pengasuhan anak. Kesamaan dan perbedaan tersebut terdapat pada masing- masing jenis pola asuh, yaitu pola asuh otoriter, pola asuh demokratis, dan pola asuh permisif. Menurut beberapa teori yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti yakni Pola Asuh Orangtua Single Parents Di Desa Purwodadi Donomulyo Malang. Terdapat beberapa keunikan dalam pola asuh di setiap subjek yang didapatkan dari hasil wawancara. Dan berdasarkan beberapa pola asuh orangtua menyimpulkan bahwa ketiga subjek memiliki kesamaan dan juga perbedaan dalam pola asuh orangtua, baik pola asuh otoriter, domokratis, dan permisif.

Children with ADHD often experience problematic parenting attitudes, including less warmth, more harsh control, inconsistency, and discrimination. According to various studies, these unfavorable parenting approaches are more prevalent in households with kids who have severe ADHD. This may be linked to the emergence of depression and suicidal thoughts. In addition, children with ADHD who have comorbid depression or suicidal ideation perceive their parents’ attitudes as more negative compared to those without depression. Problematic family functioning, including increased rates of strained parent-child relationships, was found in a prior assessment of families with ADHD. These results emphasize how crucial it is to comprehend how parenting styles and family dynamics contribute to the emergence of harmful behaviors in kids and teenagers with ADHD. The aim of this study was to look at the association between parenting styles of interaction and depression and suicidal thoughts in children with ADHD. This cross-sectional study included 105 children with ADHD who were previously diagnosed and were receiving treatment. They were interviewed at the outpatient clinic of the psychiatric department at Zagazig University Hospital. For comparison, the sample was split into two groups based on whether depressive comorbidity was present or not. Clinical interviews were conducted for both parents and children. All the children enrolled in the study were subjected to the following: clinical assessment using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) for more accurate diagnosis of ADHD, diagnosis of comorbid depression, and exclusion of other psychiatric disorders; Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Short Version (CPRS); and assessment of the parenting style perceived by the ADHD children through the application of a children’s questionnaire. A total of 28.6% of ADHD children had comorbid depression. Additionally, 7.6% of ADHD children had suicidal ideation. There was a statistically significant association between negative parenting styles (lower warmth/support, more harsh control, more inconsistency, more overprotection, and more discrimination) and increased ADHD severity, presence of comorbid depression, and suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with ADHD. ADHD children with comorbid depression and suicidal ideation perceived their parents’ attitudes as more negative compared with ADHD children without comorbid depression or suicidal ideation. Correcting these negative parental attitudes is highly important for improving outcomes in children with ADHD.

The article explores the legal nature of the right of a child under the age of 10 to freely express their views on issues that affect her personally. Disputes about determining a child's place of residence are extremely complex, both in practical and emotional terms. Such disputes are filled with the negative emotions of parents who cannot decide with whom the child will reside. Under current law, the child itself has a role to play in resolving such a conflict. The relationship between such a right and the principle of the best interests of the child in determining his or her place of residence is analyzed. The practical aspects of the court interrogation of a child under 10 years are covered. It is established that there are no clear rules in national legislation that would indicate in which cases it is necessary to listen to opinion of a child under 10 years of age. This situation creates the risk of infringement of the relevant right of the child, as in some cases, in the absence of an imperative indication in the law, the court may not pay sufficient attention to such issue. In turn, such a violation will prevent the best interests of the child in making a decision in the case. In order to prevent the violation of such a right of the child under 10 years of age it is offered to hear its opinion every time after confirming the possibility of the child to express its opinion. This approach follows from the analysis of the norms of international and national legislation. In addressing the possibility of the child expressing his / her opinion, it is suggested to consider carefully the opinion of experts in matters concerning the development of the child and adolescents - the body of guardianship and care. In some cases, it is suggested to question the child in court in the presence of a psychologist or to appoint a psychological examination. Key words: the principle of ensuring the best interests of the child, a child under 10 years of age, the right of the child to express an opinion, a dispute about determining the child's place of residence, family and legal relations.

Legal regulations and literary sources on the issues of forensic expert activity and the science of psychology have been analyzed. The paper substantiates grounds for differentiating the principles of forensic expert activity and psychology and their influence on the performance of forensic psychological examination tasks. While preparing the article, the author used general, individual, and special methods of cognition. Since the Fundamental Law of Ukraine proclaims the recognition and operation of the rule of law principle in the State, it is proposed to supplement Article 3 of the Law of Ukraine “On Judicial Examination” with this principle. The author proves that the principle of legitimacy is enforced in various ways: the legislation envisages liability for both a forensic expert’ offenses as well as for offenses against a forensic expert. Researchers have been supported on the need to amend the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the aspect of increasing liability for exerting unlawful pressure on a forensic expert. It is emphasized that the principle of independence is one of the key principles underpinning the effective execution of forensic expert activity. Moreover, guarantees ensuring the independence of forensic experts have been considered. The research paper discusses controversial issues of implementing the principles of objectivity and research completeness. The author analyzes the main groups of psychological science principles: derived from philosophy, general psychological and specific scientific (sectoral) principles. Emphasis is made on the fact that the principles of forensic expert activity along with the basic principles of psychology form a strong foundation for a forensic psychological examination (provided that scientifically sound and proven methods and techniques that have been certified and registered by the State and are essential for conducting forensic examinations in this field have been used).

This paper presents the style of care adopted by multi-ethnic parents whose ethnicity includes Asahan and Toba Bataks. The parenting style of each parent is certainly different. This difference is triggered by several factors, one of which is culture. The culture carried by parents will affect the style of care and will have an impact on aspects of the child's development, including the child's emotional social. This study aims to determine the type of care done by multi-ethnic parents, and determine the factors that influence the social emotional development of children with multi-ethnic care. The results of the study illustrate that the culture of 7 parents in the city of Tanjung Balai causes a fusion of parenting or what is called parenting acculturation. Parenting styles adopted by parents affect the child's emotional social development. The parenting style applied by multi-ethnic parents in Tanjung Balai is permissive, and authoritative, which is relatively consistent over time. Permissive parenting style applied by multi-ethnic parents tends to give full freedom to children in making decisions and never gives an explanation or direction to the child, there is no stimulus, control and control to the child. While authoritative parenting styles tend to have strong principles towards culture, be rational, always base their actions on thought, pay attention to children's development, and direct the child to be able to behave rationally. The impact of multi-ethnic care is that children are able to recognize their own feelings, but have not been able to adapt to environmental situations, children have a great determination in completing play activities, this is supported from the care of Toba Batak culture which tends to be hard, and holds sufficient principles strong. Several factors influence the emotional social development of children from the care of multi-ethnic parents in the city of Tanjung Balai, namely the attitude and temperament of parents, the level of social activity, and the number of children. Keywords: Parenting style, Multi Ethnic, Emotional Social early childhood

The article deals with the problem of expert diagnosis of individual and personal characteristics of minors under subject. Systematic and generalized methodological approaches to the study of the parameters of self-consciousness in the context of forensic psychological examination of minors. It was determined that a mandatory component of expert research is a comparison of data on the state and characteristics of the mental development of a minor with the results of an analysis of the situation and behavior of the subject, taking into account the inter-individual variation of indicators of mental development and the peculiarity of the social situation of development. The conclusion is made about the expediency of selecting diagnostic methods in the context of the following personality characteristics: psychophysiological (implies the diagnosis of typological personality qualities of a general order, which are predominantly natural conditionality); psychological (includes determining the individual characteristics of self-consciousness, emotional sphere, anxiety, behavioral manifestations, motivation); social (orientation to the study of a real-life assessment system, which is set in the nearest microsocium of minors under the experts as a standard-reference sample and determines the tendency for the development of self-identity); sociocultural (includes the study of the system of value orientations of minors under expert and their immediate environment). It is noted that the basis of psychological diagnosis of individual psychological characteristics of the personality of minors under the expert are four basic principles that determine the construction of a psychodiagnostic study: the principle of methodical limitation, the principle of mutual verification and comparison of the results obtained among themselves, the principle of necessity-sufficiency, the principle of the relationship of diagnostic tool capabilities and depth sensing psychic reality. It was emphasized that the procedure of forensic psychological examination of minors subject (accused, witnesses, victims) is defined as a special kind of interpersonal interaction, in which the subject is assisted by psychological means in case of problems or difficulties of a communicative nature. This makes it possible not only to obtain information for expert opinions, but also relieves the psyche of minors from communication difficulties, relieves situational maladjustment, which naturally arises from the transition from spontaneous communication to targeted, planned, self-managed. The need to implement a system-integrative approach to the selection of diagnostic tools, which will increase the level of objectivity and validity of expert findings, has been determined. Key words: self-consciousness, forensic psychological examination, subject minors.

Introduction. The study presented in the paper seeks to determine the role of the family in the development of creative thinking in adolescents. Research methods. The research employs the creativity test by E. P. Torrens, Kinetic drawing of the family by R. Burns. S. Kaufman; and the test questionnaire of parental attitude by A. Ya. Varga, V. V. Stolin. The results of the research. The study reveals and interprets correlations between the indicators of parental education and components of creative thinking in adolescents. Findings show that the families in which parents are interested in the affairs and plans of children, encourage their initiative and independence, trust them, and believe in their strength, creative thinking of children will be highly developed. It has also been empirically established that high values of the creative thinking components are achieved in the absence of hostility and conflict in the family. The study also notes that it is important for adolescents that parents require no obedience to their authority but encourage doubts in children and allow mistakes. It has been proved that family composition influences the development of creative thinking in adolescents. Nuclear families show higher creative thinking indicators when following the parental attitude style of Cooperation, while these indicators for incomplete ones are higher in the cases of Acceptance/Rejection and Control parental attitude styles. In general, the indicators “fluency”, “originality”, “readiness”, and general level of creative thinking are more developed in adolescents from nuclear families. Introduction. The study presented in the paper seeks to determine the role of the family in the development of creative thinking in adolescents. Research methods. The research employs the creativity test by E. P. Torrens, Kinetic drawing of the family by R. Burns. S. Kaufman; and the test questionnaire of parental attitude by A. Ya. Varga, V. V. Stolin. The results of the research. The study reveals and interprets correlations between the indicators of parental education and components of creative thinking in adolescents. Findings show that the families in which parents are interested in the affairs and plans of children, encourage their initiative and independence, trust them, and believe in their strength, creative thinking of children will be highly developed. It has also been empirically established that high values of the creative thinking components are achieved in the absence of hostility and conflict in the family. The study a lso notes that it is important for adolescents that parents require no obedience to their authority but encourage doubts in children and allow mistakes. It has been proved that family composition influences the development of creative thinking in adolescents. Nuclear families show higher creative thinking indicators when following the parental attitude style of Cooperation, while these indicators for incomplete ones are higher in the cases of Acceptance/Rejection and Control parental attitude styles. In general, the indicators “fluency”, “originality”, “readiness”, and general level of creative thinking are more developed in adolescents from nuclear families.

The purpose of this article is to identify and address the gaps in the Family Code of the Republic of Armenia. The content of Article 53 of the RA Family Code, entitled "Exercise of Parental Rights" and the content of Article 54 of the RA Family Code, entitled "Exercise of parental rights by a parent living separately from a child", as well as their titles do not correspond to the content of the articles. In practice, it is the basis for filing a lawsuit to determine the child's place of residence. In determining the child's place of residence, it is very important to separate the provisions of the two articles in question, to define them in a separate article, therefore, the article aims to raise the mentioned issues raised by the author, to improve the legislation with the proposed solutions, to promote common jurisprudence. The article was compiled by the legal-comparative-analytical method, large-scale studies were carried out, the subject of which was the scientific opinions put forward by foreign jurists, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the RA Constitutional Court and the RA courts. The author came to the conclusion that there is a need to make editorial changes in Articles 53-54 of the Family Code of the Republic of Armenia, as well as to supplement the Code with an article entitled "Procedure for determining the place of residence of a child".

This research has expanded our understanding of the determinants of adolescent sexuality in several directions. We have used a study of mothers and children to construct and estimate a model of the intergenerational transmission of sexual attitudes and behavior. With data collected from both mothers and children, we were able to proceed further than most past research and to consider both the attitudes and behaviors of mothers as reported by the mothers themselves. These data permitted an investigation of the determinants of maternal attitudes concerning adolescent sexuality as well as an examination of the influences of the attitudes and experiences of mothers on the attitudes, perceptions, and behavior of children. Obviously, limiting the study to white families prevents generalization of our findings to other subgroups of the population. The findings demonstrate the importance and relevance of parental and adolescent attitudes in understanding adolescent sexuality. Premarital sexuality is a salient issue to both young people and their parents. There are, however, very important and substantial differences in the attitudes of parents and children. On average, the attitudes of young people today are much less restrictive than those of their parents, reflecting either life cycle differences or the impact of social change. The intergenerational difference is recognized by young people themselves and probably affects the ability of parents to assist their maturing children in adjusting to and dealing with their sexuality--a difficulty likely to be reflected in the relative lack of success sexually active young people have in preventing pregnancy. Our findings also add to the research literature in demonstrating that although children, on average, have more permissive attitudes than their parents, the attitudes of individual parents tend to be reflected in the attitudes of individual children. Children whose mothers have less restrictive attitudes have, on average, less restrictive attitudes themselves. Further, the attitudes of mothers are also reflected in the behavior of their children, so on average, mothers with more permissive attitudes have children who are more sexually active. The influence of maternal attitudes, however, is stronger for children's attitudes than for their behavior. Of course, variability in children's attitudes and behavior--and even their perceptions of maternal attitudes--can only be partially explained by the attitudes of their mothers; but presumably, if the attitudes of other important family members, including fathers and siblings, were known, the prediction of adolescent attitudes would improve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)