ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОПЕРАТОРНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПРОЦЕСУ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ОЗБРОЄННЯ ТА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ ДЛЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОТОКІВ ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ТА ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ У СИСТЕМАХ ПІДТРИМКИ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕНЬ ПОСАДОВИХ ОСІБ ЛОГІСТИКИ

Maintenance is an important component of the life cycle of a sample of weapons and military equipment (OMT), and the high-quality organization of the maintenance system is a guarantee of the durability of the intended use of the OMT. The operational properties of combat vehicles (BM) are quite multifaceted and require increased attention considering the functional features of use. Studying the inherent features of operation is a preventive measure to prevent premature failure of the object, in the technical sense. Practice indicates that the best means for determining the properties of objects is a natural experiment, that is, a study of the properties and condition of the object under appropriate conditions and operating factors of influence. However, in most cases, a full-scale experiment is not possible or appropriate. Some tests may be close to extreme conditions, may proceed so violently that accidents and destruction of components or the entire object are possible. That is why process modeling and control calculations are used to determine individual reliability standards. At the same time, reliability indicators (RP) are usually carried out for unique objects, the calculation is based on the RP of similar elements (objects as a whole) and, if necessary, these indicators are extrapolated. If the control calculations are very cumbersome or significantly distort the actual indicators, then probabilistic modeling is carried out on computers (computers) using test data of individual elements or on the operational data of prototypes of the necessary objects. A prerequisite for various types of simulations should be the construction of operator models for depicting the processes that accompany the actual life cycle of the object, as a result of which there is a clear understanding of the factor stages of influence on the technical condition, failure forecasting, prevention of the appearance of negative or critical factors affecting the survivability of the object in in turn, the analysis of the need for technical maintenance, its sequence, volumes or even expediency. Keywords: operational model, failure, maintenance, operation of combat vehicles, technical condition, restoration.

Complex technical objects in modern society are extremely important. Such objects belong to the class of recoverable objects of long-term multiple used. They tend to be expensive and require significant maintenance costs. To ensure the required level of reliability during their operation, maintenance is usually carried out, the essence of which is the timely preventive replacement of elements that are in a pre-failure state, which is very important for military equipment. A characteristic feature of complex technical objects for special purposes (military equipment) is the presence in their composition of a large number (tens, hundreds of thousands) of different types components that have different levels of reliability, different patterns of their wear and aging processes. This feature requires a more subtle approach to the organization and planning of maintenance during operation (military equipment). The problem is that when developing such objects of military equipment, all issues related to maintainability and maintenance should be addressed already at the early stages of designing an object. If you do not provide in advance the necessary hardware and software for the built-in monitoring of the technical condition (TC) of the object, do not develop and “embed” the maintenance technology into the object, then it will not be possible to realize in the future a possible gain in the reliability of the object due to the maintenance. Since all these issues must be resolved at the stage of creating an object (when the object does not yet exist), mathematical models of the maintenance process are needed, with the help of which it would be possible to calculate the possible gain in the level of reliability the object due to maintenance, to estimate the cost costs required for this. Then, based on such calculations, make a decision on the need for maintenance for this type of objects and, if such a decision is made, develop the structure of the maintenance system, choose the most appropriate maintenance strategy, and determine its optimal parameters. In this paper, we develop a methodology for optimizing the parameters of the strategy for regulated maintenance of military equipment. The paper also confirms the general idea that the data obtained fully confirm assumption that the “adaptive maintenance” strategy is more preferable in the case of unreliable (inaccurate) information about the reliability indicators of the object’s elements.

To ensure the efficient operation of vehicles, first of all it is necessary to have continuous and safe operation of their units by improving the reliability and quality of diagnosis. The drive axle of the car is an important unit that is designed to transmit torque from the engine to the wheels of the vehicle. Transmission units must operate in all modes of operation of the vehicle. Loss of serviceability of the drive axle leads to loss of serviceability of the car as a whole. In this regard, the technical condition of this unit must be subject to increased requirements, and it is necessary to conduct systematic monitoring, which gives a clear idea of the current technical condition of the drive axle and the ability to predict the failure of this transmission unit. The existing methods and tools for diagnosing of driving truck axles do not fully determine their current technical condition, which requires the development of mathematical models to automate the process of diagnosing their components and parts was found іn the analysis of literature sources. Mathematical model of automation of the process of diagnosing of driving axles of KAMAZ cars is presents in the article. Replacing real technical devices with their idealized models allows the widespread use of various mathematical methods. In this case, the drive axle of the KamAZ cars, as the object of diagnosis, is presented in the form of a «black box», the input and output parameters of which have a finite set of values. In general, the mathematical model is a system of functional relationships between each diagnostic signal and structural parameters. For driving axles of KAMAZ cars, a diagnostic matrix has been compiled, which includes a list of faults and signs of faults. It is determined that the process of diagnosis based on the model of the diagnostic object is possible if the inverse transformation of the number of signs of malfunctions into the number of structural parameters (malfunctions) of the object was unambiguous. The proposed mathematical model of automation of the process of diagnosing of driving axles of KAMAZ cars will detect faults of components and parts depending on their characteristics.

Today, all samples of modern weapons and military equipment (OVT) have high requirements for readiness for combat use, reliable operation during combat. Due to the continuous improvement of the OVT troops and the enhancement of their combat capabilities, much attention is paid to the reliability of these samples, since failure to perform them due to the failure of the OVT can lead to serious consequences in the operation (combat). Therefore, for a more realistic description of the level of failure of a renewable and non-renewable sample of military equipment, it is necessary to select and substantiate a more adequate variant of the mathematical model, which will take into account the influence of most factors influencing the sample of technology. To describe the processes of equipment failure, under the assumptions defined in the article, it is proposed to use mathematical models of the type of queuing systems; This graph shows all possible transitions of this sample from one state to another, taking into account the specified operating conditions. The authors propose that, unlike what is actually observed in the military, the value of the probability of failure- free operation of a renewable sample should be presented as a non-renewable sample of weapons and military equipment. This is not the case with the definition of a non-renewable (not repaired) specimen, when this determination is no longer related to the type of specimen, its components (they can be repaired), not to the repair, but to the specific purpose of military equipment. Therefore, if during the combat work of a sample of equipment his failure occurred, then given the final and long enough recovery time after failure occurs, he is considered unable to perform the combat task. The main conclusion of the article is that, given the importance of military equipment, it is advisable to set them as a non-renewable sample of weapons and military equipment when substantiating the reliability of the design at the design stage. It can then be hoped that during the operation of the sample in the troops, the values of these indicators will be no worse than those recorded on the form, when weapons and military equipment are considered as a renewable sample.

Motor vehicles have an important role in our lives, the need for mobility making them present in daily activities. In a more open world, people want to be able to move, not only more and more, but also increasingly better. In the current context of the intensification, both nationally and internationally, of road transport, the need for safe traffic traffic is a primary objective for the operation of motor vehicles. Combining vehicle technology enhancements with an improved driver training, with a better road infrastructure design and an enforcement of existing traffic regulations is an important goal for society in order to increase road safety. During the operation of the vehicles, their component systems interact both with each other and with the external environment and these interactions are generating variations of some technical state parameters. As a result, there is a continuous change in the technical state of the vehicles, which causes variations in the dynamic, economical, air pollution, ergonomic, comfort and safety performances. This pape analyzes the vibrations of the steering system components, under different operating conditions and according to the technical state of the spherical joints. The measurements were made using a 4-channel digital recorder DA20-RION, with data processing software DA-20 VIEWER and a triaxial accelerometer Brüel & Kjær, type 4321. The paper highlights the possibility of monitorin the technical state of the spherical joints, analyzing the vibrations produced under different driving conditions of the vehicles and, at the same time, it opens the perspective of the implementation of intelligent devices to ensure the early detection of these failures.

Raising of problem. The methodology presented in this study is aimed at modeling the variability of the technical condition when operating a car in a complex social and technical system "car − person − environment". This allows you to simulate the change in the operational properties of the car depending on its operation, affecting the change in the technical condition by the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). Purpose. The variability of the technical operation of the car needs to be managed, and not reduced or eliminated, since this is an advantage, as well as conditions for the safety and functioning of complex socio-technical systems. To control it, you must first monitor the variability of the vehicle's technical operation. A set of relevant indicators needs to be identified and developed. Their interpretation makes it possible to draw conclusions about the level of technical condition, operational properties of the vehicle and traffic safety and supports the prediction of the occurrence of future events (failure occurrence). Conclusion. Thus, the basic principles of the FRAM for modeling the variability of the technical condition when operating a car in a complex social and technical system "car − person − environment" have been determined. The relationship has been established between the definition of traffic safety, the FRAM model and the performance indicators of the vehicle. The developed model of the FRAM for maintenance of the undercarriage of cars, consisting of a set of functions that describe the actions taken to maintain cars to ensure their good condition. A block diagram of the implementation of functionally oriented technologies for the maintenance and repair of cars has been developed, taking into account the design features and the level of technology for technical influences. This allows you to objectively determine the required scope of maintenance work, depending on the results of diagnostics and the availability of technological equipment.

Multi-objective optimization of complex scheduling problems in low-volume low-variety production systems

Modern production is complex, integrated and is constantly being adapted to the market requirements by means of the reconfiguration of equipment structure and process alteration. The development of such production is performed based on evolutionary strategy by successively engaging (eliminating) stand-alone technological systems. Evolutionary developed technical systems and facilities presently make up a considerable share of technical systems. It is typical both for high-tech industries, namely: aviation, space exploration, military equipment, machine-building (Sujeet, 2005), and for applications based on large-scale interconnected production complexes (e.g. oiland gas-producing industry, oil and gas transportation, city economy engineering etc) (Gilard, 1999; Van Brussel et al., 1999; Jo, 1999; Ambartsumyan, Prangishvili, Poletykin, 2003; Ambartsumyan, Kazansky, 2008; Ambartsumyan, Potehin, 2003; Ambartsumyan, Branishtov, 2006). Evolutionary developed technical systems and facilities are featured by complex control system availability. The latter integrates into a single whole different, as to the purposes, automatic control loops (automatic control and regulation of physical process parameters, automatic shielding and blocking, logical configuration control) as well as the functions of supervisory control mainly aimed at coordination of different processes in a technical system. Supervisory control (SC) is intrinsically logical and is to provide the required operational sequence and exclude mutual blocking and deadlocks for stand-alone components (operating according to their internal rules time scale). SC is discrete and asynchronous by its nature and most commonly reveals itself as the change of flow as required by certain application (technical system functionality). It is important to consider two event aspects: first, everything happens as the result of a certain event; second, the change of states is regulated by events – there is no physical time though the system is dynamic. Though control systems are widely spread in the technical systems of such kind (Sujeet, 2005; Gilard, 1999; Van Brussel et al., 1999; Jo, 1999; Ambartsumyan, Prangishvili, Poletykin, 2003; Ambartsumyan, Kazansky, 2008; Ambartsumyan, Potehin, 2003; Ambartsumyan, Branishtov, 2006), presently there is no appropriate theoretical base to solve such supervisory control tasks as local control loops coordination, configuration of material flows structure and interaction with operations staff. Most spread concept of practical engineering of such systems is based on the model of interacting ′′black boxes′′: a ′′black box–control object′′ and symmetrically connected with it as to inputs and outputs a ′′black box–control system (device)′′. (Fig. 1). Source: Process Management, Book edited by: Maria Pomffyova, ISBN 978-953-307-085-8, pp. 338, April 2010, INTECH, Croatia, downloaded from SCIYO.COM

Development of technical maintenance of transport means consists in providing their technical state at a significant level of functional operability for which the use of quality lubricants is a key requirement. Therefore, determination of technical state of truck transmission oils by the method of thermal-oxidative stability during their operation is an urgent problem.This problem was solved and technical state of the transmission oil was studied on the basis of operational tasks and the results of their chemotologic studies. These results can be used in development of a system of vehicle maintenance and when substantiating feasibility of using concrete oil grades during operation. A procedure for studying, determining state and compliance of the working oils by their thermal-oxidative stability with operating conditions during vehicle operation has been developed. State of transmission oils was studied during vehicle operation in gearboxes of KamAZ 6520 and MAN TGA 6×4 trucks. The study of working transmission oils was conducted at following parameters: light transmission, evaporability, viscosity. The results of studies of light transmission through an oil sample and evaporability after application of the temperature regimes used in testing working oils were used in graphical and analytical representation of the coefficient of thermal-oxidative stability. Variation of the coefficient of thermal-oxidative stability of oils of respective grades depending on their relative viscosity was determined. Analysis of the obtained functions will enable development of recommendations on conformity of working oils to the conditions of their operation.It was found that the Tedex Gear GL-4 80W90 transmission oil, used in MAN TGA 6×4 trucks, corresponds by its thermal-oxidative stability characteristics to the operating conditions. At the same time, the study of use of YUKO TО-4 80W-85 transmission oil in KamAZ 6520 trucks has shown that the oil did not demonstrate its functional capacity at runs of 8‒30 and 45 thousand kilometers. This was confirmed by analysis of the mathematical model of variation of thermal-oxidative stability of oils depending on relative viscosity, namely, by overshoot of some numerical values of the function beyond the level of 0.85 un. for the vehicle runs under study.It was established that the study data can be applied to substantiation of further operation and selection of transmission oils for the studied vehicle models in transportation activities of the enterprise

The study examines the relevance of the applicability of mathematical modeling in assessing occupational risk, with a particular focus on the human factor's impact. A comprehensive quantitative assessment of the human factor impact on the occupational level risk has been presented. The impact of the human factor as the most hazardous and the least reliable element in the workflow chain “human — technical system — production environment” on the occupational risk level is established. The interrelations between a human, a technical system, and a production environment have been examined in detail, providing a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of factors that can facilitate the probability of emergencies and accidents. The study considers an occupational risk assessment digital system that takes into account the impact of the human factor using a developed mathematical model. Due to the use of modern information technologies and mathematical modeling, the system allows not only for assessing potentially hazardous occupational risks but also for predicting their development, which significantly improves the efficiency of safety measures for employees. Therefore, the mathematical model and the digital system are important steps towards a more accurate and objective control of the occupational risk management system. These facilitate the development of occupational risk prevention and mitigation methods, enhance the level of awareness among top managers and experts in occupational safety, and contribute to establishing safer working conditions. Overall, the results of the study confirm the need for the integration of mathematical modeling and digital technologies into occupational risk management systems, which facilitates the establishment of a more reliable and sustainable production environment.

One of the distinctive features pertinent to the present-day conditions under which the power plant equipment operate is the necessity to run it in variable modes, as a result of which certain changes occur in the equipment technical state with time. These factors have generated the need of solving, on a priority basis, a number of unresolved matters concerned with creating models for decision-making and state recognition proceeding from power plant diagnostics with the use of fuzzy information for identifying the equipment state and managing the equipment recovering processes. It should be noted, however, that there is no unified methodological approach to obtaining the relevant information for diagnostic purposes in solving such problems under the conditions of fuzziness and inhomogeneity of initial information about the actual equipment state and its residual life. As a result, the existing methods for shaping data and knowledge in performing an analysis of data and in making managerial decisions are not identified and are not interconnected with their mathematical models. In addition, they are aimed at solving separate tasks and are not always able to ensure that the equipment set model’s parameters are consistent with the actual state of the facility in question. At the same time, the shift that was done in the power industry from the policy of planned and preventive repairs to the policy of repairs according to the actual technical state has resulted in that a higher responsibility has to be undertaken by those who make decisions in determining the repair scope and timeframes, and, accordingly, more stringent requirements are imposed on the quality of diagnostic models. As a consequence of its having been made without doing proper methodical background work, such a shift has lead a situation in which the diagnostic and the decision-making models turned to be inadequate due to the use of information about the equipment state that contains uncertainties. At the same time, recent years have seen a drastically grown interest in various aspects of the intellectual management problem, in particular, the intellectual management by technologies according to a hybrid principle. One of the main areas involves the use of techniques developed within the framework of fuzzy systems and cognitive neural sciences: fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, fuzzy modeling and management, semantic memory organization, fuzzy mathematics, artificial neural networks, pattern recognition, data processing by human neurons and brain, human consciousness, mind, memory, and artificial life. The article presents the results from extending the range of practical applications of the fuzzy and hybrid system techniques as applied to the technologies of estimating the state of complex technical systems (including power systems), especially under the conditions of data processing and using cognitive neural sciences.

The relevance At present, the issues of creating an original design of a highly efficient explosive magnetic (magnetocumulative) generator, developing its mathematical model and conducting experimental research in this direction are topical in science and technology. Aim of research Consider the possibility of building new aircraft fuel ignition devices based on a double-helix magnetic-cumulative generator, solving the problem of confirming its advantages over known and proven methods by creating a mathematical model. Research methods Literature review and patent study, obtaining a mathematical model with experimental studies on full-scale samples in real operating conditions. In the course of the work, methods of the theory of electrical circuits, magnetic field, elements of mathematical analysis and the theory of electrical oscillatory processes (beats, resonance, etc.) in complex circuits were used. Results As a result, a relation was obtained that determines the maximum value of the beat frequency between two electrical circuits connected by a weak capacitive coupling, which makes it possible to carry out the calculations necessary when creating a magnetocumulative generator with high microwave radiation and during its regulation. Thus, the mathematical model of a magnetocumulative generator presented in the article is based on a fundamentally new combination of the application of the laws of electrodynamics and the theory of electrical oscillatory processes. On the basis of this model, proposals have been developed for using the proposed design with the original circuit design. The results of the work can be used in the ignition system of aircraft at an altitude of more than 20 km, which is a world problem, as well as to improve the efficiency of a shunt reactor, an installation for de-icing, mechanical engineering, medicine, military equipment, radio physics, etc.

The paper describes the application of the author’s mathematical model of gas-dynamic processes for a marine piston engine based on a computer program. The developed mathematical and numerical model is designed to conduct simulation diagnostics. Therefore, it is possible to carry out calculations for motors in different technical conditions and observing influence of changes in technical condition on selected parameters of its work. Simulation of changes in technical condition is carried out by modifying parameters of structure’s model object. The article contains a detailed description of each options of the computer program. From the main program window, user can select type of engine model (supercharging method, cylinder number, work order, stroke and piston diameter and a number of other parameters). Through a window of simulation of known and recognizable damages such as: change in fuel dose for each cylinder, change in intake and outlet valves, leakage of piston-ring-cylinder system, change of injector hole cross section. Final windows show results of calculations in form of mileage parameters of engine as a function of crank angle.

The problem of multivariate nature is formed and solved, which is related to the modeling of logistics actions regarding various military equipment and weapons that enter the zone of military conflict. The relevance of the research is related to the comprehensive solution to the problem of the logistical nature of the supply and mastering modern various weapons by the military to create parity of forces in the military conflict zone. The current study creates a complex of logistic methods and models that allow analyzing training of the military, supply of weapons, ammunition and spare parts to the zone of military conflict, for the successful implementation of the goals of the military operation. This article analyzes the problem of using modern and diverse military equipment, which needs to be solved by systematically presenting military training in logistics, supplying various weapons from various manufacturers to the area of combat operations. The optimization model has been created to select and justify the composition of suppliers of weapons, spare parts and ammunition, in the context of risks that arise in the production and transportation of military cargo in a heterogeneous transport network. Optimization is performed in conditions of conflicting criteria: the number of new weapons; time and costs for the production and supply of military equipment; logistical risks. To study dynamic processes in the logistics of supplying weapons, spare parts and ammunition, a model has been created that allows, with the help of simulation agents, the investigation of the paths of movement of military cargo under the conditions of military threats and possible excitation of critical vulnerabilities in the heterogeneous transport supply network. An algorithm for forming the optimal delivery route at the minimum time under risks has been developed. Simulation modeling is used to estimate the movement time of military cargo, delays in supply, accumulation of risks in cargo transportation, consequences of threats and vulnerabilities in supply logistics, etc. This study examines the process of training the military by mastering new competencies for the use of various modern weapons in combat conditions. Simultaneously, the short terms of training of military personnel and the logistics of their transportation to training centers are considered subject to the threats and risks of wartime. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is ensured by a systematic representation of the logistics of supplying various weapons, spare parts and ammunition to the conflict zone, and a comprehensive solution to the research tasks set. The scientific novelty of the conducted research is associated with the development of new methods and models based on system analysis. The following methods were used: simulation modeling, models for optimizing, competence model for acquiring new knowledge by the military personnel. The results of the study should be used to select and justify suppliers of new diverse weapons and military equipment, train the military to use modern kinds and types of weapons, plan routes and schedules for the supply of military cargo to the area of combat operations, in conditions of wartime threats.

Mathematics, as the science of numbers, structures, and models, plays an important role in many aspects of military operations and strategies. From calculating the probability of success or failure of military operations to determining the best ways to deploy troops and resources, mathematics provides military strategists with powerful tools to make informed and effective decisions. One of the most important aspects of using mathematics in the military is developing strategies for combat operations. From determining the location of troops and the size of forces to the conditions of operations, mathematical methods and models help to optimize decisions. To determine the probability of success of military operations, mathematics uses probability theory and statistics. This allows us to estimate the probability of achieving the goal, taking into account various factors such as military equipment, enemy location, and other external conditions. The analysis of previous military conflicts and data allows us to statistically estimate probability distributions and predict military events. Mathematics also plays an important role in solving logistics and resource allocation problems. Determining the optimal route for the movement of troops and resources can be formulated as a path optimization problem. Mathematical methods are also used in the field of intelligence and the development of new technologies. Cryptography, which protects important information from unauthorized access, is based on complex mathematical algorithms. Mathematical models can also be used to simulate military operations, study the impact of new weapons systems, or analyze missile trajectories. It is worth adding that mathematical laws help to analyze and predict the outcomes of military conflicts, in particular, to determine the impact of the size and effectiveness of the enemy forces on the probability of success. In this article, the main focus is on the laws of Lanchester's mathematical models. The article presents the derivation of Lanchester's linear law and an example of its application. The mathematical principles of the quadratic Lanchester's law are considered on an example. It is indicated and highlighted how these mathematical laws can be applied in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.