Динаміка загальної фізичної працездатності та аеробної продуктивності за результатами велоергометрії у дівчат середнього шкільного віку з ослабленим зором під впливом фізичної реабілітації

Association of Postural Balance and Isometric Muscle Strength in Early- and Middle-School-Age Boys

When evaluating the physical activity of children is usually maintained a standard classification ages. Early school age is called relatively wide stage from 6 to 11 (resp.12) old years. In the description and interpretation of data about the PA of children is also important to take account the specifics during ontogeny in this age group and focus on their more detailed study. The aim is comparison of physical activity levels of children of primary schools in the various segments of the day and week 2 in terms of ontogenesis stages of development: early school age and middle school age. Active energy expenditure (kcal × kg-1 × den-1) was obtained by the Caltrac and daily number of steps (kroky × den-1) by pedometers Yamax Digi Walker. Weekly measurements were found in the PA significant differences (p <0,001) between indicators PA monitored files observed in all segments of the day and week. The smallest difference in values was detected at the time after school. For children of middle school age remains AEE value during free time after school the same as in the early school age. On the weekends compared to values lower than at early school age.

The predictive role of early childhood dysregulation profile on the parallel growth trajectories of reading and math performance across elementary and middle school

Back pain (BP) is one of the most common problems seen by general practitioners. The aim of this pilot registry study was to evaluate the effects of Pycnogenol® (French Maritime Pine Bark extract) on pain, mobility and muscle spasm in patients with recurring episodes of back pain without any other clinical condition. The registry follow-up lasted 3 weeks. Subjects used either SM (standard management), including mild exercise and 3 days of resting or immobilization - or SM+Pycnogenol® 200 mg/day (4 cps/day). Eighty-two subjects were included in the study, 23 took Pycnogenol® and 59 were in the SM group. No safety problems or tolerability problems were observed with Pycnogenol® or with the SM. The two groups, SM and SM+Pycnogenol®, were comparable at inclusion. A prevalent localization to the lower part of the back/spine was observed in all patients of both groups. The improvement in Karnofsky performance status Scale - expressing the global physical capacity of the individuals - during the 3 weeks of follow-up was significantly higher and faster in the Pycnogenol® group (P<0.05) compared to SM. Patients were able to restart physical training in 3 weeks with Pycnogenol® (in comparison with 4.5 weeks with SM only). The decrease in back pain score (VASL score) was faster and more pronounced with Pycnogenol® (P<0.05) compared to SM. Oxidative stress was significantly reduced in subjects using Pycnogenol® (P<0.05) while it remained elevated in the control group. The use of the rescue medication doses (ibuprofen) was significantly higher in the SM only (P<0.05) in comparison with SM+Pycnogenol®. Pycnogenol® appears to be an effective and safe supplementary management in healthy subjects with idiopathic BP. Mobility, pain, general physical capacity and oxidative stress improved in only a week with further improvements up to 4 weeks in most patients; results appear to be better and faster with Pycnogenol® supplementation than with SM alone.

Migraine is one of the most common causes of primary headache in the pediatric population. In addition to pain manifestations, episodic syndromes are also found in children, which often lack cephalgic manifestations and are difficult to verify in clinical practice.Objective: to determine the characteristics of the migraine and episodic syndromes associated with migraine in children of different age groups.Material and methods. The study included 250 children complaining of headaches (166 girls and 84 boys aged 5 to 18 years, mean age 13 years). The patients were divided into groups: Group 1 – preschool age (5–6 years) and elementary school age (7–10 years) – 20.8% (n=52) of patients; Group 2 – middle school age (11–14 years) – 45.2% (n=113) of patients; Group 3 – high school age (15–18 years) – 34% (n=85) of patients. A structured diagnostic interview was conducted with all study participants (or their parents) and pain and anxiety were assessed using special scales and tests adapted for children (visual analog scale (VAS); Digital Pain Rating Scale (DPS); Verbal Rating Pain Scale (VRPS), Faces Pain Scale (FPS), MIDAS scales, Hands scale, depression scales adapted by T.I. Balashova, Spielberger-Khanin anxiety scale).Results. The average age at onset of headache in the general structure was 11 [9; 13] years. Migraine was diagnosed in 40.4% (n=21) of the patients in Group 1, in 31.9% (n=36) of the patients in Group 2 and in 29.4% (n=25) of the patients in Group 3. An increase in age by 1 year leads to a 1.17-fold decrease in complaints for headache in combination with vomiting. With an increase in the age of the patients by 1 year, excessive sleep is significantly less likely to be a factor provoking headaches. A statistically significant inverse association was found between age and FPS scores (ρ =-0.13, 95% CI: -0.25; -0.002; p=0.0457), VAS (ρ =-0.13, 95% CI: -0.25; -0.004, p=0.0425) and Balashova scale score (ρ =-0.14, 95% CI: -0.26; -0.01, p=0.0327). The mean values for the intensity and severity of headaches decrease with age. Analysis of the prevalence of episodic syndromes associated with migraine revealed that in the general group, intestinal colic in infancy was found in 49.6% (n=124) of cases, in Group 1 – in 51.9% (n=27), in Group 2 – in 47.8% (n=54) and in Group 3 – in 50.6% (n=43) of patients. In the general group, torticollis was found in 14.4% (n=36) of patients, which increased slightly with age. Intermittent abdominal pain was found in a total of 33.2% (n=83) and spontaneous vomiting in 18% of children, and its prevalence decreased with age.Conclusion. The prevalence of migraine in children of different age groups suffering from headache varies between 40.4% and 29.4% of cases. Frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms accompanying a headache attack and the provoking effect of sleep decrease continuously with increasing age. Episodic childhood syndromes associated with migraine may vary in their characteristics between different age groups of pediatric patients.

ABSTRACT: Because 1 in 5 elementary school and 1 in 10 middle school students in the United States report being bullied, understanding student perspectives is crucial to prevention. This study solicited opinions of 9‐ to 13‐year‐olds regarding the magnitude of, causes of, and remedies for bullying. Data were obtained from 1229 students visiting 11 health education centers in seven states. Students responded via anonymous, electronic keypads. Half the respondents said they have been bullied at least once in a while. When bullied, almost half said they fight back, about a fourth tell an adult, and 20% do nothing; only 8% try to talk to the bully. Nearly two thirds claimed they tell or try to stop bullying when they see it, but 16% do nothing, and 20% join in. Almost three fourths believed bullying is “uncool,” yet 42% said they bully at least occasionally. Bullies and victims were more likely to be middle school age. Frequent bullies were more likely to think it is cool, to fight back when bullied, and to join in when others are bullied. Two classes of victims were apparent. Victims who also bully often said that bullying occurs because others are not friendly to bullies or because bullies want to get their way; many also admitted that they do not know how it can be stopped. Victims who do not bully were most likely to do nothing when bullied but to try to stop the bullying of others. Recommendations are given for using these findings to customize curricula or programs.

This study aims to investigate the usability of isotonic dynamometry in children and youth by determining the correlation between isometric dynamometry, which is considered the most valid direct-laboratory method for the assessment of muscle contractile properties in children, and isotonic dynamometry. The sample of the participants was composed of children and youth aged 7 to 19 years divided into 3 groups: younger school age (7-10 y), middle school age (11-14 y) and high school age (15-19 y). Implemented tests were the hand grip strength test (isometric dynamometry) and countermovement jump on the force plates (isotonic dynamometry). The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that there is no significant correlation between Fmax, RFD and jump height in younger (r = 0.176, p = 0.291; r = 0.152, p = 0.363, respectively) and middle school-age children (r = 0.059, p = 0.733; r = 0.201, p = 0.241, respectively) while there is a high correlation in the group of high school participants (r = 0.531, p = 0.001; r = 0.544, p = 0.001, respectively). This study's results indicate that the isotonic dynamometry method is not valid for implementation in the group of children under the age of 15.

Research Findings: Individual and contextual variables were examined in relation to children's ability to cope with socioemotional and academic challenges in a sample of typically developing (n = 51) and anxious (n = 72) children of elementary and middle school age. Anxious children had greater social difficulties than controls and showed different directions of cortisol response to a public speaking task, but there were no group differences in academic performance. Across the sample, greater salivary cortisol reactivity to the speech task was associated with both increased social difficulties and higher academic achievement. For a subset of younger (M = 6.9 years) but not older (M = 12.3 years) children, social functioning was also highly sensitive to contextual variables (e.g., family income level). Practice or Policy: Findings suggest that social functioning in elementary school is as sensitive to contextual variables as it is to physiological ones. Interventions promoting stress recovery, social interaction, and social competence may be beneficial during the elementary school years.

An interesting period of human development to study is childhood, especially middle childhood or school age. The development of children at this school age is physically slow growth but the cognitive development of children begins to develop well. Also, the influence of peers will greatly affect their development. Therefore, it is necessary to start teaching about evangelism so that there is a balance between the spiritual and psychological development of children. This research was conducted on several children at Rumah Belajar Mega in West Bandung Regency. The demographics of the population in this area are predominantly Sundanese and Muslim. The researcher will see the effectiveness of the application of teaching evangelism to children using the wordless book method in the age range of 5-12 years. This research is descriptive qualitative. The research sample was 30 children who were students of Rumah Belajar Mega. The results of the research were obtained from direct observation and interviews with research subjects, and well documented through photos and videos. Children’s understanding of the Bible improved well, besides that there were also good character changes.

Cyberbullying Prevalence Among US Middle and High School–Aged Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment

Mobility impairments in older adults have been well documented, and much information is gleaned from comparison with gait of younger adults. However, many impairments likely begin in middle age and progress gradually till they become acute issues in older adults. If such changes can be spotted early, then one can intervene early. Physical therapy and movement sciences, unlike cardiac science, have always intervened after the inception of gait impairments rather than promoting prevention in younger adults.Gait research and clinical tests use indoor walking even though much ecological locomotion also happens outdoors. Clinical tests, in particular, are designed for identifying acute gait issues in older adults. These tests are unlikely to identify subtle gait changes in middle age because these adults will neither reach their physiological limits nor exhaust their compensatory mechanisms during indoor walking. Therefore, this thesis investigated whether changes in the gait of middle-aged men and women will be apparent while walking outdoors on various terrains. Gait quality was quantified using kinematic variability measures, and sex differences were also assessed given the asymmetric impacts of falls for men vs women.Portable inertial measurement units (IMUs) were used to measure ankle kinematics when healthy young and middle-aged men and women walked outdoors on various concrete and grass surfaces of different slopes at their self-selected comfortable speed. Statistical models tested for surface, age and sex differences in gait variability. Study 1 focused on task and sex effects in young adults. Study 2 investigated task and age effects in young and middle-aged adults. To quantify performance, novel metrics were introduced to measure gait variability. This dissertation applies the spatio-temporal index (STI) – a metric commonly used in the speech sciences – to the analysis of gait. This thesis introduces two new derivatives, STIref and <b>Δ</b>STI, that partitioned the variability into a feedforward and a feedback plus noise component, respectively. STIref quantified one feature – the average local roughness – of the ankle acceleration, which is a peripheral consequence of the feedforward motor command. <b>Δ</b>STI quantified the residual, including the magnitude of the feedback-driven step-to-step corrections and neuromotor and external noise evident in the ankle accelerations.In healthy young adults, the feedback-driven corrections and noise component (<b>Δ</b>STI) increased substantially on slopes and on more irregular grassy surfaces. The feedforward component (STIref) was slightly higher in men, likely due to morphological differences. Despite reported differences in fall rates, the variability measures used in this study did not identify differences in the gait of young men and women. The same patterns were evident in middle-aged individuals, and there was no change in these metrics with age. Therefore, a key finding was that a feature of the feedforward component of gait control is relatively invariant, whereas young and middle-aged individuals navigate different terrains mainly through feedback-driven step-to-step corrections. Another key finding was that variability was inversely related to the self-selected walking speed on different surfaces. Individuals may have slowed down on harder terrains so that they have time to implement the step-to-step corrections. Therefore, a plausible explanation of the null age effect in the data is that middle aged adults adapted to the terrains by modulating speed. As motor capacities start to decline in middle-age, individuals adapt to maintain key functions.In conclusion, differences in gait were evident on different surfaces, but the tasks used in this work did not tax the middle-aged adults to reveal gait deficits, especially because individuals were free to select their walking speed. The novel metrics were highly sensitive to terrain but not sensitive to sex differences and early aging. However, the results indicate the path forward: controlling walking speed or increasing task difficulty will be essential to identify gait differences in middle age. The STI-based metrics dissociate the feedforward contributions to gait from the feedback and noise components and provide testable predictions that can be validated with future work.

Putting the Measurement of Physical Capacity of Older Adults in Its Place.

This study presents the results of the analysis of the effects of body composition on the manifestation of static strength in girls of lower elementary school age. The sample consisted of 63 girls aged seven. All the girls were from Subotica and attend elementary schools. Height was measured by the use of Martin's anthropometer, weight was measured by the use of InBody 230. The measures of body composition (body fat, total body water and skeletal muscle mass) were assessed by InBody 230, a device which functions on the base of bioelectrical impedance. The static strength of arms and shoulder area was assessed by 'Bent-arm hang' test. The results pointed to the statistically significant effects of the body composition on the manifestation of static strength in girls of lower elementary school age.

AimsTo describe longitudinal motor development in children treated with therapeutic- hypothermia (TH) due to neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and to explore motor functioning in early adolescence. Material and methodsChildren treated with TH due to HIE during 2007–2009, in Stockholm, participated in a prospective follow-up study. Motor development was assessed on four occasions, reported as percentiles and at mean ages. Alberta Infant Motor Scale was used at 0.35 years of age, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III at 2.1 years and Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) at 7.3 and 11.1 years of age. MABC-2 Checklist was completed by parents at 7.3 and 11.1 years of age. General cognition was assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children Fifth Edition (WISC-V). ResultsThirty-one percent (14/45) of the children had a motor score ≤ 15th percentile, indicating risk of motor difficulties at 11.1 years of age, and simultaneously the scores from parents of 52% (23/44), indicating risk of motor difficulties in the everyday context. These children had significantly lower motor percentile at 2.1 years of age, but within the normal range. Longitudinal motor development displayed a weak association with WISC-V Full Scale IQ (rs0.38, p = 0.013). ConclusionAmong survivors of hypothermia-treated HIE free of moderate/severe cerebral palsy, a third had MABC-2 scores indicating risk of motor difficulties at 11.1 years of age. As motor difficulties became more apparent over time, we suggest that children treated with TH due to neonatal HIE should be followed into at least middle school age.

Puberty is an important element of sex education in the European and global context. Puberty is a normal feature of human development and encompasses a number of changes that affect children and their environment. Children need to be prepared for puberty, relevant changes and other aspects associated with this stage of life in a timely and appropriate manner. Children should acquire the necessary knowledge about puberty and should communicate about puberty before its onset. The prepubescent period is identified as the middle school age and relates to children in lower elementary school. Communication about puberty should be based around the family, but there is no guarantee that the child will acquire subjectively and socially desirable knowledge, adequate attitudes and behaviour. The role of the school is to provide information about puberty, basic attitudes and ways of decision-making. Parents and teachers often have barriers to communication about puberty, which result from their unpreparedness due to life experience. The present paper focuses on whether there is any communication about puberty among middle-school-aged children, on ways that they perceive puberty, what they think about it, and whether friends are a source of information about puberty. The paper is a description of a research questionnaire applied in the Czech Republic and China. It describes whether and how middle-school-aged children communicate about puberty. The present research study was carried out at the Faculty of Education, Palacký University in Olomouc (Czech Republic) and was a basis for a follow-up research project (IGA_PdF_2017_006), in which communication about puberty in Sweden is currently investigated.