Особливості кверцетину та його вплив на зміни у тканинах пародонта у дітей, які проживають в екологічно забруднених регіонах Прикарпаття

Purpose. To analyse the changes in local immunity in the oral fluid of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with chronic catarrhal gingivitis depending on their psycho-emotional state. Material and methods. The study of local oral immunity in oral fluid was conducted in 22 military patients of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (main group), in 11 patients of civilian specialties with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (comparison group), and in 16 dentally healthy individuals (control group). Additionally, military patients in the main group were divided into 4 subgroups depending on their psychoemotional state. The determination of sIgA in the oral fluid was performed by the method of Mancini et al. The photoelectrocolorimetric method was used to measure lysozyme activity in the oral fluids of patients. The content of cortisol in the oral fluid of patients in the study groups was determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. As a result of the laboratory studies, it was found that in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine had a 1.2-fold decrease in the content of sIgA in the oral fluid (p<0.01) and lysozyme activity (p<0.05), against the background of an increase in cortisol levels by 61.18 % (p<0.01) compared to the data in the comparison group. Conclusion. Thus, summing up the data of laboratory studies, it can be stated that patients of the main group (military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine) with chronic catarrhal gingivitis have a more pronounced weakening of local oral immunity, which is manifested by a decrease in sIgA levels and lysozyme activity, compared with similar data in the comparison group (patients of civilian professions) with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. At the same time, the imbalance of immunological parameters deepened with the deterioration of the psychoemotional state of patients in the main group, which was confirmed by an increase in the level of cortisol in the oral fluid.

Introduction. Chronic catarrhal gingivitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases, most commonly found among military personnel of the Ukrainian Armed Forces. Constant stress, physical and psychological strain, as well as specific conditions of service may contribute to the development of this disease. Despite its prevalence, the problem of effective treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in the military is still insufficiently studied. Today, there is a need to develop more effective and personalised treatment approaches that take into account the specificities of military service and, importantly, the psycho-emotional state of this cohort of patients. Objective: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of our proposed treatment complex for the management of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in patients-soldiers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Methods. Treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis was carried out in 22 patients – military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, in particular: 12 patients (54,54 %) were treated with the treatment complex developed by us (main group) and 10 patients (45,46 %) were treated according to the traditional method (control group). To quantify the clinical signs of periodontal tissue damage, the following were determined: papillary marginal-alveolar index (PMA); papillary bleeding index (PBI); the hygienic state of the oral cavity was characterised by the Greene J. Vermillion J index (OHI–S). The effectiveness of the treatment of periodontal tissue diseases was assessed by the following criteria: «stabilisation», «clinical well-being», «improvement», «no change» and «deterioration». Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis treated with the help of the treatment complex developed by us, «stabilisation» of the periodontal tissue condition was objectified in 66,67 % of the treated patients compared to 20,0 % of patients in the control group, in whom chronic catarrhal gingivitis was treated according to traditional methods, p1<0,01. At the same time, in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis of the main group, a reduction in the values of paraclinical indices was determined in relation to the baseline data: РMA – by 95,38 %, РВІ – by 80,56 %, OHI-S – by 50,0 %, p,p1<0,01. Conclusions. Thus, the results of clinical trials convincingly proved the effectiveness of the treatment complex developed by us for the management of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in patients-soldiers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which was confirmed by the positive dynamics of paraclinical indices РMA, PBI, OHI-S and «stabilisation» of periodontal tissue condition.

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis is a polyetiological disease, in the pathogenesis of which the main role belongs to the microorganisms of the oral cavity of the dog, odontogenic deposition in the form of dental plaques and tartar. These depositions, due to the constant irritation of the gums cause disease, the main clinical signs of which are halitosis, poor feed intake, swelling and bleeding gums. The problem of chronic catarrhal gingivitis treatment is devoted to numerous inverstigations, the priority of which is a comprehensive approach, which includes a step-by-step influence on the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to study the features of the course of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and to develop a method for the treatment of dogs with dental disease. The prevalence gingivitis in dogs, the influence of microflora on the condition of the oral cavity in chronic catarrhal gingivitis, was investigated the symptomatology of the disease, was established the value of clinical indicators and dental indices and tests, which reflect the intensity and nature of the inflammatory process in the gums of dogs suffering from chronic catarrhal gingivitis, and a method of treating dental animals was developed. The results of the inverstigations showed that the application by application to the mucous membrane of gums 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine and a gel composition of 4% chitosan ascorbate with metronidazole, and also feeding once a day for 30 days of the vitamin-mineral supplement “Canvit Biocal Plus” in the complex treatment of dogs with chronic catarrhal gingivitis helps to reduce the recovery period of dogs by 5 days.

Introduction. The development of inflammation in the periodontium is inextricably linked to the system processes in the organism, including an accompanying pathology, which is often parallel. The WHO particularly emphasizes the dissemination of overweight among children. Against the background of excessive weight gain in children there are the series metabolic disorders that provoke chronic diseases, including chronic catarrhal gingivitis.Aim. The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) in oral fluid and characterize the immune system of the oral cavity in children with overweight and obesity.Material and Methods. This study presents the results of examination of 80 children with overweight and obese patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG), aged 12–15 years. Based on anthropometric surveys body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Also the obtained measurements and calculations were evaluated by percentile tables that were designed by the WHO in 2007 for children and adolescents 5 to 19 years for both sexes separately (WHO, 2007). The content of interleukin (IL-4; IL-6) in oral fluid in children was determined by using kits of reagents of company "Vector-Best" (Russia), based on solid-phase "sandwich" variant of immunoenzyme analysis.Results. The level of IL-4 in the oral fluid of children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis decreases (1.8 times) with increasing of age and with the deepening of violations of fat metabolism. The level of IL-6 in the oral fluid of children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis increases (2.9 times) with increasing of age and the presence of excess body weight and obesity.Conclusions. Further study of interleukin imbalance in the oral fluid of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and overweight is a promising area of research to develop methods of prevention and pathogenic therapy.

Laboratory methods play a crucial role in dental practice, as the state of a patient's oral cavity frequently mirrors disruptions in metabolic processes within the body, and can also provide insights into potential pathology affecting individual organs and systems.
 The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of employing laboratory methods in patients with periodontal tissue diseases.
 We conducted examinations on 35 patients diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis of degrees II and III, along with 15 patients diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Additionally, a control group comprising 15 patients diagnosed solely through clinical examination methods with generalized periodontitis was included in the study.
 All patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including general and biochemical blood tests. The investigation of periodontal pocket contents involved cytological and microbiological analyses, employing the method of successive serial rinses.
 The patients diagnosed with generalized periodontitis have demonstrated a slight elevation in leukocyte count to 10-12*109/l upon the assessment of the general clinical blood test, indicating an exacerbation of the pathological process in periodontal tissues.
 Furthermore, patients with generalized periodontitis have exhibited leukocyte migration in oral fluid exceeding 120, signifying disease exacerbation. Cytological examination of periodontal pocket contents revealed a notable presence of epithelial cells.
 In the microbiocenoses of both gingival and periodontal pockets, representatives of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms were predominant. Among patients diagnosed with catarrhal gingivitis, these microorganisms constituted 74.25% of the microbiota, while in those with generalized periodontitis, they accounted for 62.70%. During periods of exacerbated periodontitis, there was an increase in the proportion of anaerobes within the microflora of periodontal pockets, rising from 23.15% to 29.40%.
 Research results have shown that patients with inflammatory and inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal diseases experience dysbiosis of gingival and periodontal pockets, characterized by a decrease in the antagonism of symbiont bacteria to pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The correct interpretation of laboratory studies carried out over time has not only diagnostic and prognostic significance, but is decisive in the choice of adequate treatment.

Inflammatory gum disease occupies a large proportion of oral diseases. Among the most honest complaints are concerns about bleeding gums, pain when eating. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the tooth without disturbing the gingival junction. Currently, the search for the most effective and comfortable therapy for the treatment of gingivitis remains a topical issue in medicine.Materials and methods. A group of patients with a diagnosis of K05.1 – chronic simple marginal gingivitis (chronic catarrhal gingivitis) was selected for the study. All patients underwent examination and index assessment of the condition of the marginal periodontium. Half of the patients were prescribed an antiseptic composition based on 0.2% polyaminopropyl biguanide as an auxiliary antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity. Examination and re-examination of patients was carried out on the 4th, 7th, 10th day.Results. According to the results of the examination, the diagnosis of K05.1 – chronic simple marginal gingivitis (chronic catarrhal gingivitis) was established in 77 patients aged 18 to 25 years. During the inspection on the 4th, 7th, 10th day, there were differences in the course of the disease and the values of the indices.Conclusions. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of an antiseptic composition based on 0.2% polyaminopropyl biguanide in the complex therapy of chronic catarrhal gingivitis.

The study of pharmacotherapeutic (immunomodulating) action in conditions of in vitro cell cultures is currently considered appropriate and justified for determining the action of drugs at the preclinical level. It is also important to address the pathogenetic nature in using such agents, especially fro local application. This study investigated the efficacy of a multicomponent gel containing decamethoxine and hyaluronic acid in treating chronic catarrhal gingivitis among patients with chronic tonsillitis. The purpose of the work is to assess the efficacy of a gel containing decamethoxine and hyaluronic acid on the tissue of the palatine tonsils in the therapy of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in patients with chronic tonsillitis.
 Materials and methods. To investigate the effects of the main active components in the gel, we followed the recommendations of I.P. Kaidashev et al. for testing pharmacological preparations in in vitro cultures. Tissue samples from the palatine tonsils were obtained from 20 patients with chronic tonsillitis and chronic catarrhal gingivitis undergoing tonsillectomy. All procedures adhered to the guidelines set by the Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology at Prof. O.S. Kolomiichenko Institute of Otolaryngology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Palatine tonsil tissue was incubated in 199 medium (Serva, Germany) containing gentamicin sulfate (Darnytsa, Ukraine) at a concentration of 120 μg/ml for 20 minutes at 4-8°C. After that, the hemorrhagic parts were removed from the whole tonsil and placed into Eagle's medium (Sigma, USA) and rinsed three to four times. Subsequently, the prepared tissue was placed in sterile vials containing enriched Eagle's medium supplemented with L-glutamine, sodium bicarbonate, 100x vitamin concentrate, 5% fetal calf serum, and 60 μg/mL gentamicin. Tonsil tissue was dissected using scissors and then washed repeatedly (5-7 times) with fresh medium to remove loosely attached cells, then, the resulting cell suspension was filtered. All procedures were conducted within a sterile laminar flow cabinet. Cell viability was assessed using light microscopy (Olympus-23, Japan) and a hemocytometer. A final cell suspension containing 2.5 million lymphocytes per milliliter of medium was prepared. Suspensions with a viability of less than 90% (blue, "dead" cells) were excluded from further experiments.
 Results. Treatment of in vitro palatine tonsil cells from patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and recurrent tonsillitis with the main components of the developed gel (decamethoxine and hyaluronic acid) did not induce significant changes in the concentration of α and γ-interferons. Our findings suggest that the gel composition reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory factors: interleukin-1β and immune complexes. Additionally, it appears to stimulate the production of the antimicrobial factor antistreptolysin-O by tonsil cells, potentially leading to increased antibody production against hemolytic streptococcus antigens.
 Conclusion. Based on the in vitro findings, the investigated gel composition containing decamethoxine and hyaluronic acid demonstrates potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that stimulate the production of the antimicrobial factor antistreptolysin-O by tonsil cells, which might lead to increased antibody production against hemolytic streptococcus antigens.

Summary. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases remains one of the most important tasks of modern dentistry in connection with their high prevalence among all age groups of the population. Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of gum recession, as one of the clinical forms of periodontal disease. The paper presents data on paraclinical indexes in patients with gum recession, depending on age and biotype of periodontal disease. The aim of the study – to evaluate the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession, depending on age and periodontal biotype using paraclinical indices. Materials and Methods. The article presents a comparative assessment of the intensity of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues, depending on age and periodontal biotype in 204 somatically healthy patients who had a recession of the gums caused by different etiological factors. Results and Discussion. As a result of our research, it was found that with increasing age, there was a clear tendency to increase the indexes of all paraclinical indexes analyzed by us. Also, attention was drawn to the fact that the carriers of biotype periodontal A1-Thin S flow of inflammatory processes proceeded more pronounced and more intense.Conclusions. In persons with recession gum, the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age, but depended on the periodontal biotype.Conclusions. In persons with recession gum, the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age, but depended on the periodontal biotype.

The purpose of our study was to increase the level of treatment of periodontal diseases in children with rheumatic diseases through the use of injections of homeopathic drugs in complex treatment. To do this, they conducted a dental examination of children with rheumatological diseases, determined the degree of damage to periodontal tissues using the indices PMA, GI, CPITN and compared with the control group of children. The relationship between inflammatory processes in in periodontal tissues and rheumatic diseases in children was revealed and the effectiveness of homeopathic drugs in the complex treatment of periodontal tissues was assessed.

The study enrolled schoolchildren diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) and mild form of chronic periodontitis (MFCP). Total 103 patients included 67 patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and 36 patients with mild form of chronic periodontitis. The results of laboratory studies showed that in the process of conduction of the therapeutic and preventive measures during the use of a Loroben solution the functional activity of the local immune factors was significantly recovered. During complex treatment of these patients the use of a Loroben solution provided more significant improvement of the indices than the use of the chlorhexidine bigluconate. Loroben solution improves trophic factors of the periodontal tissues, contributes to the elimination of gum bleeding and inflammation, thus, leading to a positive treatment outcome.

Object. Catarrhal gingivitis treatment of patients was accompanied by marginal gingiva cytological examination. The number of epithelial and connective tissue cells was calculated. Then, their cytomorphometry was held with both: the definition of morphological classes of cell destruction and measurements of their functional morphology in the average cell destruction (ACD), cell cytolysis index (CCI), cell destruction index (CDI). Purpose. To conduct the cytomorphometry of periodontal tissue cells before treatment and during the treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Methodology. The prevalence of the inflammatory process in the gingiva was estimated with the help of periodontal PMA index and the gingival sulcus bleeding index (sbi) by Miihlemann and Son. The Green-Vermillion hygienic index was determined. For cytological examination, the material was collected by cytochrome on fat-free surface of glass in the form of a single scrape from the marginal gingiva inflammation site. The place of sampling was not changed throughout the study. The resulting material was fixed on the glass and transferred to the cytological laboratory. Then the material was examined with a microscope in five fields of view under magnification. Result statistical processing was carried out in Statistika 6.0 programme. Results. In cytogram study for patients with healthy periodontium there were noted in a small number: lymphocytes (36±14), monocytes (6±1,87), plasmocytes (4±1,87), macrophages (1±1), neutrophils 96±29,89; for patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis: lymphocytes 4150±108.1, neutrophils 1150±356,8, plasmocytes 60±16,6, macrophages 48,3±6,35, monocytes 21,6±2,5. Lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils reflect the change in clinical observation most clearly, as their number decreased to 14.5%, 12.8% and 7.32%, respectively within 14 days. Summary. Cytomorphometry of marginal gingiva cells was performed in the process of catarrhal gingivitis treatment. This method is informative for evaluation of periodontal tissues inflammatory process. It can be used for rapid diagnosis of periodontal disease, determining the effectiveness of treatment, prognosis of exacerbation. It is worth noting that the method is cheap and easily accessible.

Aim. To assess the condition of periodontal tissues in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Materials and methods. For the study, 65 patients with GERD were selected who were hospitalized in the gastroenterology department of Ternopil City Hospital No. 2. In total, the sample included 34 (52.31%) men and 31 (47.69%) women. To identify inflammatory changes in the gum mucosa, the papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA) and the complex periodontal index (CPI) according to P.O. Leus (1989) were used. Statistical processing of the data obtained during the study was carried out using licensed statistical analysis packages Microsoft Excel 2016 and Statsoft Statistica 12. Results. As a result of our study, we found that only 18.5% of patients suffering from GERD had clinically healthy gums. 9.2% of patients showed signs of mild gingivitis (PMA index values were within 20%). According to the PMA index, 33.8% of patients in the main group were diagnosed with moderate gingivitis (values ranged from 25-50%). In 38.5%, manifestations of severe gingivitis were visualized (the PMA index value was more than 51%). We have found that in patients with GERD, the manifestations of inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues increase with age and their severity increases. Manifestations of moderate gingivitis predominated in people of mature age, while severe gingivitis in the senile group. According to the data obtained when determining the CPI index, 11.2 % of patients with erosive lesions of the esophagus were diagnosed with moderate periodontal tissue damage (CPI value was (2.9±0.1)). In 44.4 % of patients with the erosive form of GERD, mild periodontal tissue damage was visualized (CPI = (1.6 ± 0.1)). All patients with periodontitis secondary to erosive GERD were elderly (45-59 years, according to WHO). Only 44.4 % of patients with the erosive form of GERD and 100.0 % of patients with non-erosive GERD had no inflammation of periodontal tissue (the average CPI value did not exceed 1.0). Conclusions. Based on the studies described above, we can come to the conclusion that inflammatory processes in the tissues of the periodontal complex and oral mucosa in patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease are interconnected processes that aggravate each other.

Introduction. Currently, there is an increase in a variety of dental pathologies in the acute and post-COVID periods. The mechanisms of periodontal disease development are not completely clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the state of the oral cavity and study the microcirculation of periodontal tissues in patients in the acute period of COVID-19 and in chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) in a comparative aspect. Materials and methods. A clinical study includes patients with an acute course of moderate COVID-19 (n=29) and patients with CGP (n=27) in the acute stage. Methods include a clinical assessment of the state of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues, calculation of clinical indices, laser Doppler flowmetry (LAKK-02, (Lazma, OOO NPP, Russia)) and statistical data analysis. Results. In the acute period of COVID-19, the deterioration of the hygienic state of the oral cavity and the increase in index indicators are similar to the phenomena of the active inflammatory process in periodontal tissues in CGP but have lesser expression. With COVID-19, violations of the perfusion of periodontal tissues occurred with a decrease in the microcirculation index by 22.2% (p<0.05), σ – by 27.5% (p<0.05) relative to the control values; with CGP, these violations are more significant. Disregulatory phenomena of microcirculatory disorders with COVID-19 are characterized by a decrease in the myogenic component of regulation with an increase in the influence of cardiac and respiratory rhythms. Conclusion. In the acute period of COVID-19, pathological changes in the state of periodontal tissues are associated with impaired microcirculation and are similar to those in CGP, with a difference in disregulatory mechanisms.

The development and course of periodontal disease in young people is characterized by sluggish clinical symptoms, and at the initial stage are asymptomatic, which greatly complicates its timely diagnosis. Therefore, it is especially important to find methods of early diagnosis and prediction of periodontal disease, which will allow for a rational comprehensive prevention. Among the causes of periodontal disease, the main role belongs to the microorganisms of dental plaque, which has important diagnostic value.The aim of the study. To investigate the composition of mixed microcultures of subgingival plaque bacteria in young people with different nosological forms of periodontal disease and to assess the degree of influence of microbial factors on the development of periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. The state of microbiocenosis in the subgingival zone in 104 people with periodontal disease and in 94 people with intact periodontal tissues were studied. To assess the severity of the influence of the types of selected microcultures of the subgingival zone on the development and progression of periodontal disease in young people, the method of alternative sequential analysis of Wald and Bayes’s formula was used.Results. With the development of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues in most cases revealed cultures characterized by the presence of polymorphic gram-negative bacteria that developed, fixed on the solid phase, and in the liquid phase contained coccal microflora (53.01±5.48 %). During the development of generalized periodontitis, an increasing number of microcultures with a predominance of gram-negative microflora with pronounced adhesive properties was detected, which led to the development of these microcultures on the solid phase (61,9±10,6 %). The calculation of prognostic coefficients showed that the presence of microcultures that developed in the planktonic phase, but contained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and cocci were highly important in terms of the development of periodontal disease (+7.46).Conclusions. With the development of the pathological process in periodontal tissues, the state of the microflora changed in the direction of increasing gram-negative polymorphic microflora with pronounced adhesive properties that are capable of aggregation (up to 53.01 % in patients with catarrhal gingivitis, up to 90,48 % – with generalized periodontitis). The result of calculation of the severity of isolated types of microcultures from subgingival zone on the development and progression of periodontal disease in young people showed that the presence of microcultures that developed in the planktonic phase, but contained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and cocci were highly important in terms of the development of periodontal disease

Relevance. Currently, researchers pay close attention to the study of chronic diseases that have a direct or indirect impact on the state of the patient’s dental status. It is known that chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral organs are, often simultaneously, permanent foci of infection that affect the state of other systems and organs. The general list of such diseases includes: chronic gingivitis, chronic generalized periodontitis, glossitis, gingivostomatitis.Aim. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of complex conservative therapy, including natural therapeutic factors of Crimea, in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral organs, occurring against the background of somatic pathology.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were periodontal tissues in 70 people with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and gingivostomatitis, occurring against the background of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.Results. The results obtained indicate that complex treatment with local application of hydrotherapy named “PhytoBiol” and thermal Saka mineral water (in a dilution of 1:4), combined with periodontal dressings according to the recipe proposed by us, cause persistent remission of these diseases, contribute to the improvement of periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. Thus, complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in patients in the main group (n = 35) led to long-term remission in 82.33% of cases, while in the control group the result was 69.5% (at p < 0.05).Conclusions. The positive results, which were obtained, give grounds to recommend the proposed complex of treatment and prevention of exacerbations of this chronic disease for use in practical health care.