درجة تضمين مهارات التفكير المنطقي في كتب التربية الوطنية للصفوف (الثامن، التاسع، العاشر) للمرحلة الأساسية في الأردن

A teacher should have a good teaching skill for making a better generation later. Based on researcher questionnaire before this research, teacher in school still haven’t teach a real concept to their students. Therefore, to prevent this phenomenon they need a good teaching strategy. Logical thinking skills and adversity quotient are the important things that they need to make the strategy. The aim of this research is to analyse prospective primary school teachers’ logical thinking skills and adversity quotient. In order to do so, we set up a qualitative descriptive method with 40 students as participant. Test of logical thinking skills about mathematics, questionnaire and interview given to them. The results showed that there are 15% of climber category, 72.5% of camper category and 12.5% of quitter category. The logical thinking skills of the students following their adversity quotient, the students that in climber category have a very good logical thinking skills, in camper category have good logical thinking skills, and in quitter category have a bad logical thinking skill. Based on the results, we concluded that prospective primary school teachers still in camper category and have a good logical thinking skill.

In facing the challenges of the digital era, education in Indonesia must innovate through the integration of technology to produce a superior workforce. Traditional teacher-centered teaching methods have become an obstacle to developing students' logical thinking skills in problem-solving and conclusion-drawing. This research aims to develop and test the effectiveness of website-based interactive multimedia using the discovery learning model on the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) topic to enhance students' logical thinking skills. The media development employed the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), with the interactive multimedia flow designed according to the stages of discovery learning. Effectiveness was measured using a one-group pretest-posttest design with vocational high school students in West Bandung, while the feasibility of the material and media was validated by experts. The improvement in logical thinking skills was measured using the N-gain test. The results showed that the developed interactive multimedia was declared highly feasible by material and media experts. The effectiveness test indicated an improvement in students' logical thinking skills, with an N-gain score in the medium category. However, a detailed breakdown of the improvement per aspect revealed that argumentation skills were moderate, while thought coherence and conclusion-drawing skills remained low. These difficulties were attributed to a lack of student initiative and motivation in discussion and summarizing the material. It is concluded that this interactive multimedia is feasible and effective as an alternative learning medium for training students' logical thinking skills, although further optimization is needed to improve thought coherence and conclusion-drawing abilities.

The ability to think logically is one of the complex skills of the 21st century that is important to prepare for the world of work. But in fact students' logical thinking skills tend to be low because the learning model applied by the teacher tends to be monotonous so that understanding of the material and student activity becomes less. The STEM learning model with the socioemotional approach is one model that can solve these problems because it is an innovative learning model that is also integrated from several socioemotional-based disciplines that emphasizes student activity and is based on real-world problems so that it is suitable for improving logical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the relationship between the STEM learning model and the socioemotional approach in improving logical thinking skills. This research uses quantitative method with Quasi Experimental Design research type . Data were obtained from class VIII MTs Ma'arif Al-Mukarrom through observation and tests. The instruments used are learning tools (syllabus, lesson plans, and LKPD), observation sheets of student activities and implementation, and written tests of logical thinking skills. Data analysis using T test and N-Gain. The results showed that the implementation of the STEM learning model with a socioemotional approach was 89.50% and student activity was 90.84% in very good criteria. The T test results show a significance of 0.003 less than 0.005 so it can be concluded that there is a significant effect between the STEM learning model with the Socioemotional approach in improving logical thinking skills, also the N-Gain Test proves that the STEM learning model with the Socioemotional approach is more effective than the conventional model in improving logical thinking skills.

In this study, the authors raised the issue of how to implement the scientific method in the logical thinking skills of students in the fifth grade science material at MI Ma'arif Kedensari. Based on the results of the interview with the fifth grade teacher, Mi Ma'arif, who said that the learning outcomes of some students in fifth grade were still below the KKM standard which should have been able to reach a score of 75, this was due to the factor of delays in students' thinking and also the less than optimal model. used by the teacher. The purpose of this study was to determine the Implementation of Scientific Methods in Students' Logical Thinking Skills in Science Subject Class V MI Ma'arif Kedensari. To achieve the objectives in this study, the research method used by the researcher is a qualitative descriptive method, in which the research method is based on valid science, and other facts that may become objects of knowledge by using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. to complete the data and information needed by researchers. The results of this study indicate that the use of scientific methods in students' logical thinking skills in learning natural science class V MI Ma'arif Kedensari has increased because when learning takes place students are able to construct knowledge by thinking and reasoning using logic to complete tasks based on knowledge and experience in daily activities and new knowledge given during discussion activities.

This study aims to: (1) Know the learning outcomes of students who are taught by problem-based learning strategies and student learning outcomes taught by expository learning. (2) Knowing the learning outcomes of Islamic Cultural History students who have high logical thinking skills and students who have low logical thinking skills, and (3) Knowing the interaction between learning strategies and students' logical thinking abilities on learning outcomes of Islamic Cultural History. This study used an experimental method with a quasi-experimental 2 x 2 factorial design. The population in this study were all students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Aceh Tamiang which consisted of three parallel classes, namely class XII1, XII2, XII3. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. The data collection technique is done by testing. The finding of the research showed that: (1) The learning outcomes of students who were taught the history of Islamic culture with problem-based learning ( = 28) were higher than the learning outcomes of students who were taught using expository strategies ( = 26.97), with F count = 29.56 > F table = 3,968 (2) Students' learning outcomes of Islamic Cultural History based on high logical thinking skills ( = 30) were higher than low logical thinking skills ( = 26.06), with F count = 4.47 > F table = 3,968 (3 ) there is an interaction between the learning strategy and the ability to think logically on the learning outcomes of students' Islamic Cultural History. The statistic is found to be 9.88 > F table = 3.968.

Mathematics has an important role in the development of critical and logical thinking skills. However, the results of the PISA survey show that the mathematical literacy of students in Indonesia is still low. One approach that can be applied to improve critical thinking skills in mathematics learning is ethnomathematics. Ethnomathematics connects mathematical concepts with cultural elements, thus making learning more contextual and engaging. This study aims to analyze students' critical thinking skills in solving ethnomathematics problems. Based on the results of observations and interviews, it was found that most students still tend to memorize without understanding or critically analyzing information. The implementation of ethnomathematics in learning is expected to help students understand that mathematics is not only abstract but also related to daily life and culture. This study highlights the importance of the application of ethnomathematics in improving mathematical literacy and critical thinking of students, by taking the example of a tobacco warehouse in Jember Regency as one of the cultural objects that can be integrated in mathematics learning.

This study aims to describe the ability of students to think logically on probability subject in class IX in SMP Negeri 1 Takengon. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of descriptive research. The subject of this study consisted of three students, with the criteria of one student with high ability, one with moderate ability, and one with low ability. Data collection used tests and semi-structured interviews. The instrument used was a test of probabality material. The process of data analysis in this study includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the analysis of the description of students logical thinking abilities with high criteria (student 1) showed excellent logical thinking skills. Then students with moderate abilities (student 2) showed good logical thinking skills. Student 2 has a deficiency in the stage of thought twitching. While students with low criteria (student 3) demonstrate sufficient logical thinking skills. Student 3 has a deficiency in the stage of thought twitching and drawing conclusions that indicate the student's inaccuracy. Overall the ability to think logically these three students can be said to be good. This can be seen from every work and interview results,, students are able to do most of the indicators of logical thinking ability.

The modern era of digital transformation and information overload (Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0) creates unprecedented challenges for banking sector professionals. The exponential growth of information volumes, spread of misinformation (manipulation), increasing complexity of financial instruments, and high level of market regulation demand that banking professionals develop strong critical and logical thinking skills. This study analyses key risks in the modern educational process for banking, including information overload, declining ability for deep analysis, and vulnerability to manipulative techniques. The systematic development of critical and logical thinking skills is essentially a strategic imperative for financial organizations and the government institutions that regulate them. A possible response (though not a panacea) could be implementing a comprehensive methodology for developing critical thinking, including practical tools for information verification, logical analysis techniques, and protection against cognitive biases. Special attention should be paid to specific risks in the banking sector related to making financial decisions under conditions of uncertainty and information asymmetry.

One of the most significant debates among academics is the role of critical and logical thinking in constructing and assuring meanings of intertextual texts. This argument is, however, more valid in the context of undergraduate EFL learners, who have the potential to use their critical thinking and creativity in the act of reading. The phenomenon of intertextuality acts as a constructive and meaningful link between readers and texts. In other words, the reading texts become comprehensible when readers connect what they read to their prior knowledge, using critical thinking skills to understand and interpret them. This study examines how critical and logical thinking skills make intertextual connections between texts and readers’ personal and social experiences during reading tasks. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview based on an excerpt from an article ''Women in the Working Class'' was conducted with EFL students to collect their responses on intertextual connections. The analysis of the interviews revealed that intertextual reading helps promote critical thinking among readers of EFL and assist them in analysing, synthesising, interpreting, and evaluating texts. The findings of this study have some pedagogical implications due to the multicultural complexes of values and images in reading English literary texts.

This study aims to develop an e-module based on the CinQASE learning model supported by Flip PDF Professional and evaluate its effectiveness in improving students' Individual Critical Thinking (InCT) and collaborative skills in Momentum and Impulse materials. This study employed an R&D approach based on the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), comprising four main stages. In the Define stage, a needs analysis was conducted to identify the essential competencies and materials aligned with the curriculum and students' needs. The Design stage focused on designing the e-module structure, determining learning strategies, and compiling learning components, including worksheets and supporting media. The Develop stage included product development, validation by subject matter and media experts, and revisions based on feedback to ensure content quality and suitability. The Disseminate stage was conducted through limited and extensive trials to assess the practicality, readability, and effectiveness of e-modules in real-world learning contexts. Research instruments included expert validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, collaborative activity observation sheets, and InCT tests to assess individual improvements in critical thinking skills. The results showed that the e-module had very high validity across construct, content, graphics, electronic media, materials, presentation, and language, and was considered practical and easy to use by both students and teachers. N-Gain analysis indicated a significant increase in all InCT indicators, from the moderate category in limited tests (0.40–0.45) to the high category in extensive tests (0.68–0.74). Collaborative activities through CinQASE indicator-based worksheets proved effective in encouraging active participation, critical discussion, and peer evaluation. These findings indicate that CinQASE-based e-modules supported by Flip PDF Professional serve as effective interactive learning media for improving students' critical and collaborative thinking skills, while also providing an engaging, flexible, and accessible learning tool for both teachers and students. Keywords: CinQASE, e-modul, Flip PDF, critical thinking skills, collaborative abilities, momentum, and impulse.

This study is primarily focused on assessing the students’ logical thinking and cognitive levels in an online collaborative environment. The aim is to investigate whether the online collaboration has significant impact to the students’ cognitive abilities. The assessment of the logical thinking involved the use of the online Group Assessment Logical Thinking (GALT) test that has been conducted in two phases; before and after the online collaborative activities. The sample of respondents for this study is sixty first year Diploma in Computer Science students from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis, Malaysia where they were divided into fifteen collaborative groups. These collaborative groups were then engaged in a 3-hour session of collaborative activities via the Online Collaborative Learning System (OCLS). The results for this study has revealed that the online collaborative learning has significant impact to the students’ logical thinking levels with the increment of 21.7% high logical thinkers with p-value<0.05 (sig. 2-tailed). Meanwhile, the investigation of the students’ cognitive levels is being done by monitoring the students’ abilities to solve the given questions via OCLS. The questions have been previously constructed according to the Bloom’s taxonomy cognitive domain. The results have also revealed that the students at the early stage of learning programming are able to solve complex programming problems at the cognitive level Application and Analysis. There was also a strong correlation between students’ logical thinking skills with their abilities to solve problems in an online platform with r= 0.631, significant at 0.012.

Background: The low levels of students' critical thinking skills and science process skills in diffusion and osmosis material remain a problem in biology learning. This study aims to develop a student worksheet based on the vee diagram to improve students’ critical thinking and science process skills. Methods: The research employed a Research and Development (R&amp;D) approach using the ADDIE model. The subjects were 11th-grade science students at MA Nurul Huda Munjul, consisting of 25 students in the experimental class and 25 in the control class. Instruments included multiple-choice tests, observation sheets, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using N-gain and t-tests. Results: The developed student worksheet was valid (97.02%) and effectively implemented (90%). Students' critical thinking skills increased with an N-Gain of 0.41 (moderate), compared to 0.05 (low) in the control class. Science process skills also improved to 81.75% (high), outperforming the control class (53.63%). The correlation between critical thinking and science process skills was not significant (r = 0.298 &lt; r table = 0.396; sig. = 0.149). Students’ responses to the student worksheet were in the very good category (85.33%). Conclusion: Thus, the development of vee diagram-based student worksheets on diffusion and osmosis material can enchance student’s critical thinking and science process skills.

This study investigates the enhancement of students' mathematical and logical thinking skills through kite-making activities using the STEM approach. Conducted with 28 ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 03 Bengkulu Tengah, this qualitative descriptive research utilized observation, documentation, and interviews for data collection. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, focusing on integrating geometry, measurement, and symmetry within the kite-making process. The findings reveal that STEM-based kite-making activities significantly improve students' logical reasoning and problem-solving skills by contextualizing abstract mathematical concepts into practical tasks. Students demonstrated the ability to sequence steps systematically, provide logical arguments, and draw accurate conclusions. These results emphasize the potential of project-based learning in fostering higher-order thinking skills. This study suggests that incorporating similar activities in the curriculum can enhance students' cognitive and practical competencies. Further research is recommended to explore its implementation across diverse educational levels and environments.

The use of problem based learning (PBL) to improve critical thinking skills and Indonesian language skills, to improve students' critical thinking skills, problem based learning (PBL) is the right learning model to use. The purpose of problem-based learning is to find out how problem-based learning can help students in improving their critical thinking and language skills. The subject in this study focuses on how students' Indonesian language skills. Data collection techniques are done by observation and finding references from various research journals. The research method used in this study is quantitative method, quantitative research to try to find out how effective PBL is in improving certain skills, such as critical thinking and Indonesian language skills. PBL model can serve as a useful tool to improve students' critical thinking and Indonesian language skills.

In 21st-century learning, students are required to develop critical thinking and collaboration skills. Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with gamification is considered a potential approach to support these competencies. This study aimed to examine the effect of gamification-assisted PjBL on Grade X students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills in the biodiversity topic at SMAN 21 Medan. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a Non-Equivalent Control Group design, involving class X5 as the experimental group and class X7 as the control group selected through random sampling. Critical thinking skills were measured using ten essay questions representing five indicators, while collaboration skills were assessed through an observation sheet based on four indicators. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The t-test analysis of critical thinking skills yielded a significance value of 0.016 (&lt; 0.05), with the experimental group achieving a higher posttest mean score (75.25) than the control group (61.60). Similarly, collaboration skills showed a significant difference with a significance value of &lt; 0.001. These findings indicate that gamification-assisted PjBL has a positive effect on improving students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills compared to PjBL without gamification. Therefore, it is recommended that biology teachers integrate gamification elements such as points, badges, and challenges into project-based learning to enhance students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills.