건축의 원리로서 연속성의 형태에 관한 이론적 고찰 - 실내와 시내 사이 그리고 과거와 미래 사이 연속성을 중심으로 -

The relevance of the study is determined by the urgent need to create open urban spaces that comply with the principles of urban equality and ensure barrier-free access for all population groups. In the context of global urbanization and ongoing social transformations, particular importance is attached to rethinking architectural approaches to the organization of public green areas, which are capable of integrating inclusive solutions and fostering social integration. The purpose of the article is to identify the key factors and principles of inclusive architecture of open urban spaces, to develop approaches to overcoming barriers, and to design a conceptual model for transforming green areas based on the principles of urban equality. The research methodology relies on a systemic and interdisciplinary approach, incorporating methods of structural-functional analysis as well as comparative typology of national and international practices. Results. The study established that the formation of inclusive architecture of open urban spaces requires consideration of the socio-demographic characteristics of the population, the spatial and functional parameters of the environment, ecological requirements, and legal standards. The analysis of scholarly sources made it possible to identify the main barriers to accessibility and social isolation, and to develop an algorithm for transforming green areas, which encompasses the stages of user needs assessment, evaluation of the existing environment, identification of barriers, development of solutions, piloting, implementation, and monitoring. Scientific novelty. The article systematizes the principles of inclusive architecture in the context of urban equality and proposes an algorithm for the transformation of urban green areas. Its novelty lies in combining theoretical and methodological approaches with practical urban planning tools, thereby enabling a comprehensive analysis of accessibility and social integration. Barriers and social factors influencing inclusivity are presented in a systematic manner, which provides a solid academic basis for further quantitative assessment of urban inclusiveness. Practical relevance. The proposed algorithm for the transformation of green areas can be applied in strategic urban planning, municipal governance, and the design of open spaces. It serves as a practical guideline for architects and urban planners in creating accessible and barrier-free public environments. The developed approaches contribute to harmonizing spatial development, improving the quality of urban life, and integrating diverse social groups into a shared space-an aspect of particular importance in the processes of post-war recovery and modernization of Ukrainian cities.

Abstract. Not observing the balance of the architecture with the environment and nature in today’s architecture and city building causes some unpleasant results such as pollution of the environment, reduction of natural resources, climate changes and increasing reduction of energy resources. Paying attention to the climate conditions, human life environment ,introducing the different aspects of climate in architecture and building different urban spaces, passages, neighborhoods and buildings can be very important factors for making a healthy environment which provide comfort for human and not only cause energy saving but also entail building durability and making urban sustainable spaces. Therefore, the designers and architects try to find a suitable solution in designing environment friend buildings. One of these effective solutions is the issue about sustainability in architecture in which subjects like the environmental effects of building, green buildings, designing for recycling and so on are considered. So this research considers the criteria of a sustainable architecture which is compatible with the climate and environment in the city of Semnan as well as reviewing different bio environmental effects and aspects of the issue. At first, referring the library resources and collecting the required information from the synoptic stations of the city of Semnan, sustainability and principles of the nature and environment compatible architecture is explained by descriptive methods. Then, the conformity of the nature and climate compatible architecture is considered by the analytical and quantitative methods based on which the traditional architecture in the dry and desert areas like the city of Semnan is a sustainable architecture which is compatible with the nature and environment. From another hand, using the sustainable architecture and attending the natural resources and domestic materials in the different areas can not only cause energy saving in nonrenewable resources but also have the least destructive effect on the environment.

This paper focuses on urban regeneration practices in central urban areas, aiming to find key points for reshaping the publicness of urban spaces by exploring the morphological features of public spaces and the spatial distribution patterns of public activities. Now that China’s urbanization process has stabilized, large-scale regeneration is no longer applicable to the current urban environment, and urban morphology has proved to be significantly useful in understanding and designing the built environment. However, current research lacks quantitative studies on morphology and public activities, and thus is hardly instructive for the cognition and design of spatial morphology in specific locations. Therefore, this paper attempts to subdivide spatial morphology at the level of “micro-renewal” or “micro-renovation” in order to explore the impact of spatial morphology on public participation in cities. The site chosen for this study is Xinjiekou in Nanjing. As a key area of two important arteries in the center of Nanjing, Xinjiekou has been a gathering place for a variety of commercial forms, such as finance, retail department stores, restaurants, and entertainment, and has been the commercial and financial center of Nanjing since the 1940s. In an on-site observation of urban development and pedestrian flow in the Xinjiekou area, the study found that despite its status as the area with the highest degree of spatial accessibility and public participation, its public space has gradually lost its attractiveness to residents, who lack a sense of participation and place identity. Based on the study of urban public spaces, both accessibility and choice play an important role in increasing public participation. Therefore, this study combined observation and quantitative analysis of Space Syntax to obtain the distribution of accessibility, choice, and public activity. Based on the results of the analysis, this research uses GWR as the statistical method to clarify the correlation between different variables. The final conclusion is that when the space type is a path with high choice value and the paths are connected, the enhancement of accessibility and choice plays an important role in promoting public participation. This statistically based empirical study of testable correlations is very helpful for the perception of location-specific spaces with high levels of interpretability and confidence. Thus, it further guides the design and has a high reference value for future spatial planning.

In this paper, a new method based on the space syntax is presented to optimize the urban space configuration. Space syntax theory is used to detect systematically whether one urban space configuration is optimal or not from four aspects including traffic space, cognition space, land use space and culture space. After introducing the computational and cognitive aspects of space syntax for the research of urban space, a framework of urban space optimization based on space syntax is proposed, then the integration with GIS and the extension to third dimension are discussed. Finally, a case study for Kanmen town of Zhejiang province of P.R. China is illustrated by using Axwoman tool.

Ecological architecture is a special branch of architectural design that is actively developing in the world and gaining popularity. This article explores the relevance of ecological architecture, highlights the key aspects of this field, and provides examples of projects that contribute to the creation of more environmentally sustainable housing. Eco-architecture or sustainable architecture is an architecture that aims to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings on the efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy and space for development and the ecosystem as a whole. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and environmental conservation in the design of the built environment. The idea of sustainability or ecological design is to ensure that our actions and decisions today do not hinder the opportunities of future generations. Architecture has always been an important component of society's culture and economy. However, the growing attention to climate change and environmental issues is leading to the need to revise the architectural paradigm. Ecological architecture responds to these challenges by aiming to create buildings and urban spaces that not only meet the needs of people but also minimize the negative impact on nature. Basic principles of ecological architecture. Use of renewable resources: Building with materials that can be renewed, such as wood or bamboo, reduces the impact on nature. Energy efficiency: Modern green buildings have effective insulation and energy-saving systems that help reduce energy consumption. Use of local materials: Local building materials reduce CO2 emissions during the transportation of materials to the construction site. Climate-sensitive design: Designing buildings and urban spaces with the local climate in mind helps to provide a comfortable environment and reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling. Ecological architecture is an important area of development in modern construction. It allows us to combine people's needs for comfortable housing and workspaces with a responsible attitude towards nature. The relevance of this topic is reflected in the growing interest in green technologies, renewable energy sources and sustainable lifestyles. Thanks to the development of ecological architecture, we can build cities and buildings that will become part of the solution to environmental problems, rather than part of the problem itself. This can help reduce the impact of construction on the environment and preserve it for future generations.

Abstract. Culture heritage provides us an automatic sense of unity and belonging, which allows us to better understand previous generation and history of where we come from. The preservation of heritage is closely linked to the culture of society where culture plays a vital role in urban, economic and social development. The research aim is to overview the main principles of green architecture and identify the main heritage conservation approaches as a theoretical approach to identify the most suitable conservation approach that applies all the principles of the green architecture. The chosen approach will be applied on our case study “Vancouver city in Canada” to verity our conclusion from the theoretical study.

The article is devoted to the problem of interrelation of biopolitics and architectural and urban space in M. Foucault’s philosophy. The research objective includes interpreting and analysing different types of architectural and urban space in M. Foucault’s works. In accordance with the research objective, its tasks are as follows: to trace the formation of biopolitical space, to reveal its influence on the body and life of the population; to suggest interpretation of M. Foucault’s architectural and urban conception in the context of the media theory; to justify M. Foucault’s understanding of architecture and city as political media. Originality of the study lies in the fact that M. Foucault’s architectural and urban space models are considered as special spatial and political forms of media.

Street hierarchy, as a way of presenting intended information, conforms to social rules that underlay architectural and urban designs to create public, semi-public, and semi-private. These social rules have the responsibility to convey necessary information about place to outsiders as well as to insiders. This research looks at urban spaces as physical structures that represent foci of attention of users and that are collectively a part of the social pattern framework. The argument of this study is that connectivity and forms of streets house certain social rules that intended to serve users, so that any changes in the street layout lead to changes in its social rules. As a case study, the complexity of a walled Arab neighborhood was examined through Sur Lawatyia, located in Muscat Governorate, Oman. By replacing the curvilinear and broken streets of this neighborhood with straight ones; a simplified street layout was derived. Then, a comparison of both street layouts was carried out through mapping, tabulation, charts, correlation test, and with reliance on the method of measurement of street control values introduced by Hillier and Hanson in 1984. The result was that the simple form is far short to be the representation of the space syntax of the traditional street layout.

Uncovering the relationship among spatial vitality, perception, and environment of urban underground space in the metro zone

The article considers the possibilities of integrating the theory of urban risk assessment (URA – Urban Risk Assessments), the concept of spatial syntax (Space syntax), the three-pronged strategy of risk management and compliance (GRC Governance, Risk and Compliance) in the paradigmatic optics of «turning to the material» (TTM) in social research devoted to the analysis and management of risks in urban space. A look at the risks of the urban environment through the prism of TTM allowed to specify the spatial framework of the Space syntax concept, covering the boundaries of a city or district. By overcoming the distinction between acting subjects and objective structures in the TTM in relation to the theory of URA, the functional positions of counting and evaluating possible risk situations are determined. The specifics of applying the «Turn to the material» to the concept of Governance, Risk and Compliance solves the problem of choosing a risk mitigation management strategy. Such a theoretical synthesis is explicated on the example of the urban space of Lipetsk. The operationalization of concepts, including the identification of environmental, social, technological and other risks on the basis of concepts modified through TTM, has determined the tools for integrated monitoring and forecasting of urban space risks. The allocation of material objects as new participants enriched the traditional theories of riskology, adding material dimension and accounting for interaction with material objects. It has become possible to create more accurate and differentiated urban risk management strategies. Consideration of Lipetsk as a case study makes it possible to specify the proposed methodologies and emphasize their applicability in the real conditions of the urban environment. The use of URA made it possible to identify the main categories of risks for the city, such as environmental, social and technological threats.

My body is changing.Between construction and destruction, the urban space as physical, social and psychological Chinese landscape in Jia ZhangKe’s cinema. It is certainly true that cinema has always dialogued with architectural urban space, highlighting, depicting and investigating the multiple landscape transformations. In order to explore how cinema reflects upon marginalization process provoked by the organization of urban space, in the present essay I will take into account Jia ZhangKe’s cinema, which explores and traverses China’s post-socialist alterations, as well as personal, collective, private and public mutations. Revealing the several layers, voices and levels concerning Chinese history the films discussed shed a light on the urban transformation in a global landscape. The World (2004), Still Life (2006), 24 City (2008) and I Wish I Knew (2010) reflect upon marginalization, deterritorialization and alienation process caused by the production of urban space through a superimposition of imaginaries which trace Chinese history and cultural evolution.

This paper focuses on the changes in architectural aesthetic criteria, from static to dynamic values of both figurative and non-figurative aspects in contemporary architecture and its cultural context. Fluid state of architecture refers to the notions of constant variability occurring in relations between architecture and contemporary cultural context of globalisation. Contemporary context dynamises everyday perceptual experiences, living conditions and terms of spatial appropriations. Accordingly, new networking phenomena appearing on informational, communicational and spatial levels transform the city and architecture into constant process of flows, dematerialising its elements into the new fluid, variable character. Architectural aesthetic qualities simultaneously shift trough events and effects affirmation over static formal whole in transformation from objective to (inter)subjective aesthetic spatial experience. This paper is based on hypothesis that contemporary architecture is characterised by the loss of object singularity in terms of contextual conditions and assimilation of particular characters into the dynamic character of the whole. Therefore, architectural design principles shift through dispersion of disciplinary boundaries and boundaries of inner and outer architectural space, hybridity and typological definition loss. This paper presents how dematerialisation of architectural values transforms contemporary architectural space into the complex dynamic system of infrastructure, flows, events and effects.

This study constructs a street vitality evaluation index system for Kunming City based on big data POI mining technology and validates the rationality of street vitality classification using space syntax theory. By collecting 47,892 POI data points across 15 categories in Kunming’s main urban area, a comprehensive street vitality evaluation model was established using entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process, classifying street vitality into three levels: high, medium, and low. Combined with space syntax indicators including global integration, local integration, and connectivity for validation analysis, the research found that street vitality levels show a significant positive correlation with space syntax indicators (r=0.762), validating the effectiveness of the POI data-based street vitality classification method. The research results provide scientific basis for urban planning and street space optimization.

This article will discuss about analyzes the new topic of sustainable architecture and different perceptions of the experts on the concept of “sustainable architecture”. Today, the word sustainability widely has been discussing in order to provide solutions to react the needs of the nowadays without the peril of resources for future generations and followed that, by application of sustainability in architecture, the discussion of sustainable architecture begins. Sustainable architecture is an approach to the design of an architecture that can bring social stability. Today, community areas, most of the development and sustainability of urban areas is considered. In this article, we believe that interaction between architecture and cinema are two integral elements of sustainability principles of the social dimension that consist: equity and social identity, aesthetic and comfort, and other similar problems are pointed out and provide appropriate solutions to increase social stability, to achieve the space that is part of the collective memory in the mind of viewer and it is affecting the five senses, include: to see, hear, think, and so the opportunity to reflect on her life before and after entrance again to everyday life. How long in time and create hierarchy to reach the outside and the inside spaces, increasing comfort and enhancing public safety and social stability, flexibility and lighting in terms of space and design principles of sustainable architecture, and in details, social sustainable will be discuss topic of this article.

Statement of the problem. The aim of the study is to analyse the basic elements of creating visual comfort in the urban environment in the conditions of the renovation of the existing development of Russian small towns. Results. The main results of the research are the development of the syntactic context of architecture in urban space; the definition of the architectural language as the basis for the formation of compositional characteristics of visual comfort in urban space. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results lies in the novelty of the approach to the mechanism of updating the architectural environment of cities based on the reform of the visual characteristics of the existing buildings; in the interpretation of architectural forms that reveal the original qualities of urban architecture. The use of the methodological basis of the mechanism of visual renewal of the architectural environment and the formation of urban space as a meaningful context that reveals individual characteristics to the viewer who is in the space of the city. At the same time, the visual-figurative context of the architectural environment of cities acquires a meaningful meaning, which allows us to comprehensively consider the process of renovation of existing buildings, including the tool for visual-spatial construction of architectural solutions.