ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МІЖНАРОДНІИХ СТАНДАРТІВ З БЕЗПЕКИ ПРАЦІ І УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇХ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ ТРАНСПОРТУ

Occupational hazard assessment is an important part of occupational health management. The health risk classification method mentioned in this paper is a semi-quantitative method. Through hazard identification and exposure evaluation, the risk of occupational hazard can be determined. This method does not need too many monitoring and statistics data, so it is applicable and effective to assess the occupational hazard risk in China. The assessment results can be used in different stages of occupational risk management, such as pre-evaluation, control effect evaluation, and situation evaluation. It can also be applied to risk control actions prioritizing and occupational hazards classification of construction project. The classification rule was recommended according to our practical experience. This paper presented the health risk classification method theoretically. An example was also taken to demonstrate the applicability and effectivity of this method. Through practical application, this method is proved to be scientific, practical, and feasible. This method not only can meet the technological demand, but also can guide the occupational health service and risk management of enterprises.

Risk-based management of occupational safety and health in the construction industry – Part 1: Background knowledge

This chapter outlines the two main frameworks – ISO 31000 and Committee on Sponsoring Organization's Enterprise Risk Management – which are used globally as guides on risk management systems. In Canada ISO: 31000 were adopted as a national standard, and in March 2010, the British Standards Institute also integrated the international standard into its own portfolio, as BS ISO 31000. Risk assessment involves three sub-elements – identification, analysis, and evaluation, which help a manager, decide how to respond to a specific risk, given the context and the organisational risk appetite. Communication of risk information should be both internal, for control purposes, and external, for reasons of accountability. Consultation helps management understand how well risks are being managed, how and if controls are working and where they are not, and utilise suggestions on how the process can be improved. In so doing, recording and reporting provides a mechanism for accountability, which is essential to a risk management system.

Purpose This study aims to explore key questions within the context of Asian countries: How do artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain adoption in accounting influence enterprise risk management and environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance? What role does enterprise risk management have as a mediator in this relationship? In addition, how does environmental uncertainty shape the interplay between AI and blockchain adoption in accounting, enterprise risk management and ESG performance? Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from Thomson Reuters Eikon Datastream, initially targeting the 20 Asian countries with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Using stringent selection criteria, the research sample included 22,212 firms from these countries: Bahrain, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. After a rigorous screening process, the final sample comprised 1,742 firms, representing 17,420 firm-year observations over the 2014–2023 period. This paper applied maximum likelihood structural equation modeling to analyze the data. Findings The findings reveal that both AI and blockchain adoption in accounting, along with enterprise risk management, positively impact ESG performance in the Asian context. Enterprise risk management serves as a mediating factor between AI and blockchain adoption in accounting and ESG performance. In addition, environmental uncertainty significantly moderates the relationships between AI and blockchain adoption in accounting and enterprise risk management, as well as between enterprise risk management and ESG performance. Practical implications This study uncovers the interplay between internal factors – such as AI and blockchain adoption in accounting and enterprise risk management – and external factors, notably environmental uncertainty, in fostering sustainable value for Asian firms. Internal factors enable firms to integrate ESG considerations into their operations, facilitating risk mitigation and enhancing ESG performance. Meanwhile, heightened environmental uncertainty drives the adoption of sustainable practices. Consequently, Asian Governments should prioritize the development of regions characterized by high environmental uncertainty to advance national sustainable development goals and encourage responsible business practices. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by uncovering the combined effects of internal and external factors on ESG performance, offering empirical evidence from Asian countries with high GDP per capita. Specifically, it underscores the efficacy of AI and blockchain adoption in accounting and enterprise risk management, as well as the moderating role of environmental uncertainty, within the Asian context.

This article examines the use of enterprise risk management (ERM) by companies in Canada, the characteristics that are associated with the use of ERM, what obstacles companies face in implementing ERM, and what role, if any, corporate governance guidelines have played in the decision to adopt ERM. We obtained our data from the responses to a mail survey sent to Canadian Risk and Insurance Management Society members as well as telephone interviews with 19 of the respondents. The results indicate that 31 percent of the sample had adopted ERM and that reasons for adopting ERM include the influence of the risk manager (61 percent), encouragement from the board of directors (51 percent), and compliance with Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) guidelines (37 percent). The major deterrents to ERM were an organizational structure that discourages ERM and an overall resistance to change. Although only about one‐third of companies indicated that they had adopted an ERM approach, evidence was clear that a larger portion of the sample was moving in that direction, as indicated by what changes they had observed in their companies in the past three years. These include the development of company‐wide guidelines for risk management (45 percent), an increased awareness of nonoperational risks by operational risk management personnel and an increased awareness of operational risks by nonoperational risk management personnel (49 percent), more coordination with different areas responsible for risk management (64 percent), and more involvement and interaction in the decision making of other departments. Contrary to what we expected, there was not a significant difference between firms that are listed on the TSE versus those that are not in terms of the propensity to use ERM. However, the fact that 37 percent of firms indicated that the TSE guidelines were influential in their decision to adopt ERM provides some evidence that the guidelines are influencing companies’ risk management strategies.

This thesis engages with recent historical scholarship on occupational health and safety by analysing the conditions that shaped the development of British health and safety regulation between 1961 and 2001. Drawing upon a rich vein of archival material as well as oral history interviews, the thesis focuses on the role played by two regulatory bodies, the Health and Safety Commission (HSC) and Health and Safety Executive (HSE), in generating and enforcing this framework of laws and standards. The thesis illuminates two major historical trends. Firstly, it explores the gradual transformation of the British state in its role as health and safety regulator. Since 1974, the focus of British regulation has been to promote ‘self-regulation’ by employers and employees, and the thesis analyses the ways in which HSC/E has attempted to foster a ‘safety culture’ in British industry, in the context of social, political and economic pressures. Secondly, the thesis analyses the evolution of risk in health and safety regulation, from implicit assumptions and practices in policymaking and enforcement, to the formal demand for all employers to conduct written risk assessments. In so doing, the thesis reconciles various paradoxes. One such paradox is that while the role of the British state in regulating health and safety has ostensibly ‘rolled back’ (e.g. via deregulation), health and safety has in another sense ‘crept forward’, extending beyond the workplace to intervene in public safety and environmental issues. Another paradox is that while British health and safety legislation has been ostensibly ‘successful’ in reducing fatal workplace accidents, it has come under unprecedented public and political scrutiny in recent years. Examining the evolution of health and safety against an extensive theoretical background (e.g. the ‘risk society’), 16 the thesis explains how health and safety has become increasingly central to our work and public lives.

Management of occupational health and safety (OHS) risks is a crucial component of any business. Numerous investigations have shown that work-related injuries and deaths occur disproportionately in small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and that this is clearly due to deficient management of OHS risks. The main goal of this work is to develop a base of indicators suitable for evaluating OHS risk management maturity in industrial SMEs. A preliminary model is then proposed for this evaluation, based on a small number of relevant indicators selected from a careful bibliographic review. The work begins with a critical review of the literature and analysis of known concepts, methods, tools and models of measurement of risk analysis maturity in order to extract relevant indicators. The most suitable indicators are then grouped to form the basis of a preliminary model for evaluating OHS risk management maturity in the SME setting. Our findings will help managers of SMEs make sound decisions in their quest to improve the OHS performance of their businesses.

Objective: Three occupational health risk assessment methods were used to assess the occupational health risk of noise exposed posts in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. According to the results, the selection of risk assessment methods and risk management of such occupational noise enterprises were provided. Methods: Form April to November 2021, The occupational health field survey was carried out in an automobile manufacturing industry in Tianjin. The occupational health MES risk assessment method, occupational health risk index risk assessment method and Australian occupational hazard risk assessment method were used to evaluate the occupational health risk of noise-exposed posts in this enterprise, and the evaluation results of different methods were analyzed and compared. Results: The average value of L(Aeq, 8 h) in the four workshops of automobile manufacturing industry was 82.95 dB (A) , and the noise detection exceeding rate was 22.41% (26/116) . The LAeq, 8h and exceeding rate noise of welding workshop were higher than those of other workshops (χ(2)=23.56, 32.94, P<0.01) . The three occupational health risk assessment methods have the same risk assessment results for the four major workshops. The assembly and painting workshops are level 4 risk (possible risk) , and the stamping and welding workshops are level 3 risk (significant risk) . Conclusion: Occupational noise has certain potential hazards to workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, in the future work, corresponding organizational management measures should be taken to improve the working environment and reduce the actual exposure level of workers in order to protect the health of occupational workers.

Introduction: Occupational health and safety (OSH) in Colombia is going through a moment of profound transformation, driven by technological innovation, the digitalization of processes and an increasingly comprehensive vision of workplace well-being. In the last decade, the country has made significant progress in strengthening its regulatory framework and consolidating management systems that involve multiple actors, from the Ministries of Labor and Health to occupational risk administrators and joint committees in companies. However, fundamental challenges persist, such as the reduction of informality, the standardization of professional OSH training and the need to adapt regulation to the most demanding international standards. The digital revolution has begun to transform OSH management in Colombia, allowing the use of tools such as virtual platforms for training, real-time monitoring of risks and predictive analysis of incidents, which opens unprecedented opportunities for prevention and early intervention. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of new practices, from teleworking to mental health care, underscoring the importance of a holistic approach that prioritizes the comprehensive well-being of workers. In this context, innovation not only translates into the adoption of new technologies, but also in the creation of organizational cultures that promote self-care, inclusion and equity, and in the implementation of policies that put people at the center of business management. The future of OSH in Colombia will depend on the ability of all actors to integrate these advances, overcome pending challenges and build safer, healthier and more inclusive work environments, in which digitalization and well-being are drivers of sustainable development and productivity. Objective: Analyze the evolution of occupational health and safety in Colombia, identifying how innovation and digitalization can be effectively integrated into management systems to strengthen the comprehensive well-being of workers, optimize the prevention of occupational risks and respond to the emerging challenges of the national productive environment, in compliance with current regulations and with a focus on sustainability and quality of work life. Methodology: The project will adopt a qualitative and descriptive approach, supported by documentary analysis, interviews with experts and case studies, to understand the evolution, challenges and opportunities of occupational health and safety (OSH) in Colombia under the prism of innovation, digitalization and comprehensive well-being. Results: The research reveals that Colombia has made significant progress in the consolidation of a robust regulatory framework and in the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SG-SST), which has allowed an improvement in the prevention and management of occupational risks. However, structural challenges persist, such as high labor informality, which exceeds 50% of the employed population and limits access to social protection and safe working conditions, increasing exposure to risks.

There has been little recognition of the fact that creative production operates in a somewhat different environment and timeframe to that associated with traditional industries. This has resulted in the application of an orthodox, generic or ``one size fits all'' framework of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) systems across all industries. With the rapid growth of ``creative industry,'' certain challenges arise from the application of this “generic” strategy, mainly because the systems currently employed may not be entirely suitable for creative practice. Some OHS practitioners suggest that the current OHS paradigm is failing. This paper questions the appropriateness of applying a twentieth century OHS model in the present industrial context, and considers what framework will best provide for the well-being of creative workers and their enterprise in the twenty-first century. The paper questions the notion of “Risk” and the paradox associated with “Risk Management,” particularly in the context of the creative process. Clearly, risk taking contributes to creative enterprise and effective risk management should accommodate both risk minimization and risk exploitation.

Roadside vulcanizers constitute an essential part of Nigeria’s informal economy, providing affordable tyre repair services across urban and rural communities. Despite their importance, their work exposes them to significant occupational hazards that remain largely unaddressed by research, policy, and formal safety systems. This review examines the current state of occupational safety and risk management among roadside vulcanizers, highlighting key hazards such as chemical exposure to volatile organic compounds, fire and explosion risks, injuries from heated equipment and sharp tools, ergonomic strain from manual tyre handling, and environmental stressors including air pollution, noise, and harsh weather. Evidence from existing literature and occupational health frameworks reveals that these workers often operate without adequate ventilation, protective equipment, training, or regulatory oversight. Socioeconomic factors further intensify these risks, as limited income, low safety awareness, and poor access to healthcare compel workers to prioritize daily earnings over safe practices. The informal nature of the sector leaves them highly vulnerable to both acute injuries and long-term health conditions. The study underscores the need for targeted, context-appropriate interventions. It recommends developing safety guideline suited to informal workshops, expanding community-based training programs, improving access to affordable occupational health services, and promoting collaborative regulatory approaches involving government agencies, trade associations, and worker groups. Ensuring the safety of roadside vulcanizers requires an integrated strategy that enhances protection, supports economic realities, and strengthens institutional capacity within Nigeria’s informal automotive repair sector.

The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of the conceptual foundations and models of integrated risk management for industrial enterprises, particularly the machine building sector in Ukraine, in the context of increasing economic uncertainty in the external environment. It has been demonstrated that the effectiveness of enterprise operations largely depends on the quality of the risk management system, which should be an integral part of strategic management. This enables the mitigation of the negative impact of uncertainty and allows risk to be used as a tool to enhance the adaptability and competitiveness of the enterprise. The advantages and disadvantages of the main risk management models are systematized. It is shown that each model has its own methodological logic and area of application; however, the highest level of efficiency is achieved through the integrated use within the corporate risk management system. The article summarizes practical recommendations for building an efficient risk management system in enterprises: establishing a risk management policy and defining strategic directions; implementing international risk management standards; developing an internal control system; involving staff at all levels in risk management processes; and automating control procedures. The research results show that an integrated risk management system, tailored to the specifics of industrial enterprises, enhances the efficiency of managerial decision-making, ensures strategic resilience, and minimizes the impact of external and internal threats. The proposed approaches provide a basis for improving corporate risk management systems in the context of transformation and increasing competition. Prospects for further research involve developing an organizational and economic mechanism for risk management that would consider modern challenges and trends in the development of industrial enterprises, as well as creating a system of indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management, which will allow assessing the efficiency of managerial decisions based on quantitative and qualitative criteria.

This paper aims to investigate the extent to which Malaysian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) practised enterprise risk management (ERM) framework and their effects on sales performance. The components of ERM examined includes: risk appetite, control environment, assessing the risk management framework and control activities. The paper is based on a questionnaire survey study among 214 SMEs that consist of 77.6% (166) from services related enterprises; and 22.4% (48) of manufacturing related enterprises. The data analysis indicates that 80% of the respondents are clear about the importance of risk management to achieve organisational long term sustainability; the senior management is committed to cultivate good culture and have policies to support ERM. More than 20% of the respondents failed to appoint an independent director to chair risk management committee and to obtain external stakeholders’ view when developing risk appetite. Regression analysis also indicates that control environment has a significant and positive impact on sales. Hence, it is important for SMEs to establish a structured system of internal control, to appoint oversight functions and independent assurance providers to manage risks. Risk management is vital in SMEs to reduce exposure to business loss. It is recommended that standards and professional bodies need to develop ERM principles applicable to SMEs. This principle should balance between preferences, requirements and resources within SMEs. This paper contributes to the empirical literatures on the extent ofERM practices and their effects on SMEs’ sales in emerging markets. Keywords: enterprise risk management, small and medium-sized enterprises, emerging markets, Malaysia

Introduction Universities are institutions that manage many occupational risks, both in their mission activities and in their support work. The National University of Colombia, in Bogotá, has a daily population of approximately 40,000 people, including students, faculty, administrative staff, support staff, contractors and visitors. Methods Given that our university has expert faculty and students in training in multiple disciplines related to occupational risk management, several alliances have been established that are of interest to our Division of Occupational Safety and Health. Results As of 2019, we have had the support of 4 faculties to intervene in critical aspects for the management of occupational risks: Faculty of Medicine, Human Sciences, Nursing and Engineering. At present, our students carry out several of the business practices of their academic programs in our own university, which represents a facility for them, while letting them learn administratively of the university and about the environment of work. On the other hand, through this strategy, workers value and recognize the work of students from their own institution. Discussion It is essential to seek strategic alliances in the management of occupational risks in highly complex institutions such as universities. Additionally, the variability of spaces constitutes an ideal environment for students’ business practices. Conclusions The integrated management of occupational risks and the proximity to the knowledge provided by academia is important in universities. This model can be implemented in other universities, especially in those of large size or complexity.

Shang, S.; Zhao, Y., and Chen, Z.-M., 2020. Research on the innovation of risk management in ocean transportation enterprises based on game strategy model. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 268–271. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In the current global economic recession, enterprises themselves cannot resist industry risks on their own. Therefore, shipping enterprises need to form an alliance to work together to mitigate the risks brought by the global financial crisis. Enhancing the degree of collaboration between enterprises may not only reduce the cost of enterprise operations, but it can also better diversify the risks incurred by the world economy and trade. In order to improve the degree of cooperation between shipping enterprises, this study investigated the profit distribution among shipping industry chain enterprises. Based on the idea of game theory, this study first used the Stackelberg model to solve for the profit distribution scheme under various cooperation situations of member enterprises in the shipping industry chain. Then, the theory of cooperative game was adopted, and the Shapley value method was used to solve the benefit distribution scheme. Results show that this model can improve the overall risk management ability, and this is of great significance to improve business stability and stimulate the development potential of a company.