Документально-правовое оформление подтверждения происхождения товаров, перемещаемых в рамках свободной торговли ЕАЭС и Социалистической Республики Вьетнам

The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the powers of the prosecutor when receiving, checking and resolving a crime report under the current criminal procedure legislation of Russia and Vietnam. Comparative legal research always has the status of relevant, since it allows you to gain new knowledge and solve significant theoretical, legislative and law enforcement tasks at a high degree of efficiency. The purpose of the study is to form a unified methodological approach to determining the procedural position of a prosecutor at the stage of receiving, checking and resolving a crime report, which is objectively justified by modern achievements of criminal procedure science of the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, especially relevant in the conditions of building an adversarial model of criminal prosecution [13].In the course of the study, the following tasks were solved: 1) to analyze the criminal procedure legislation of Russia and Vietnam regulating the procedural position of the prosecutor when receiving, checking and resolving a crime report; 2) to identify the general patterns of its (the prosecutor's procedural position) modern development, to determine the similarities and differences in the legal regulation of the prosecutor's procedural activity when receiving, checking and resolving crime reports; 3) to use the accumulated experience of criminal court proceedings to optimize the criminal procedure legislation of the two countries in this part. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the general dialectical method of cognition, as well as special legal ones, including comparative legal, formal-logical, system-functional, statistical and others. Main results: the presence of common patterns in the legal regulation of the prosecutor's procedural activity when receiving, checking and resolving reports on crimes of the two countries is established; the legislator of both states recognizes the special importance of legal and justified resolution of a crime report for the subsequent stages of criminal proceedings; significant differences in the prosecutor's procedural position are identified, the author's vision of the significance of these differences is given, and conclusions are formulated about the possibility of using foreign experience to regulate the procedural prosecutor in the national legislation [15] of each state.

To evaluate the molecular-epidemiological structure and pharmacoresistant HIV variants in HIV-infected individuals in Ho Chi Minh City (Socialist Republic of Vietnam), nucleotide sequences of the polymerase gene fragment (pol) HIV were analyzed in 42 patients (4 people with newly diagnosed HIV infection and 38 with virologic failure of antiretroviral therapy).Results. In the examined group, HIV circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE (92,2%) prevailed compared to genotype B (5,3%), CRF08_BC was detected in one patient (2,6%). Among people with newly diagnosed HIV infection, 75% were genotype CRF01_AE and 25% were genotype B. The drug resistance mutations to any drugs in 76,2% of patients were detected. Among isolates with identified pharmacoresistance, 43.75% had single mutations. Mutations to IR were more common (84,8%) than mutations to PI (15,2%). The most common mutations were NNRTIs — 47,8%, followed by NRTIs (37%) and PI (15,2%). Isolates with pharmacoresistance only to NRTIs amounted to 9,4% (7,1% of the general group), only to NNRTIs 28,1% (21,4% of the general group), only to PI 12,5% (9,5% from the general group), simultaneously to PI and NRTI 6,25% (4,8% of the general group), to PI and NNRTI 3,1% (2,4% of the general group), to NRTI and NNRTI 37,5% (28,6% of the general group), isolates with drugs resistance mutations to all three groups simultaneously were not detected. The drug resistance mutations occurrence and the occurring number naturally polymorphic variants in patients with two / three ARV regimens were significantly higher than those in patients with one regimen, regardless of the treatment duration. A pharmacoresistance mutation was detected in an ART-naive patient. Based on the foregoing, it seems necessary to monitor the HIV drug resistance in Vietnam to both those receiving ART and those who are ART-naive. K

The article deals with the key changes in the treaty basis of the regime for Polish investment in Viet Nam, expected after the anticipated entry into force of the Investment Protection Agreement Between the European Union and Its Member States, of the One Part, and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, of the Other Part (hereafter “EU-Viet Nam Investment Protection Treaty” or “New Investment Treaty”). The article also includes a brief overview of the historical background of the investment relations in Poland and Viet Nam. Some of the key obligations of the parties to the New Investment Treaty are compared with the rules of the 1994 Agreement Between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of Poland for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments. For example, the article focuses on the differences in the treaty provisions on the fair and equitable treatment, as well as on the inclusion in the New Investment Treaty of the procedures for the resolution of disputes between states and of the procedures for the investor-state dispute settlement. The article contains references to works of Vietnamese and Polish researchers, legislative acts of Viet Nam, international agreements and documents of international intergovernmental organizations.

The military rank is one of the most important indicators of the personal level achieved by a serviceman in relation to other servicemen within the established nationwide hierarchical system. Military ranks help establish relationships of subordination and seniority between military personnel, compliance with the positions held, and the age limit for military service and in the reserve. Military ranks are insignia of military personnel. The system of military ranks in each country has its own characteristics and origin. Military ranks in the Russian and Vietnamese armies vary depending on the historical period. The formation of the system of personal military ranks went through the centuries-old stages of their evolution. As we know, the changes taking place in society are reflected in the language in the form of an appropriate vocabulary design. Military nomenclature terminology is a special layer of the lexical composition of any language. As a specific layer of military vocabulary, on the one hand, it reflects a direct impact of extralinguistic factors on the language, and on the other hand, it contributes to the manifestation of certain general trends in the development and functioning of the national language. In this article, we will consider the system of military ranks in the armed forces of the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from a synchronous point of view. The article gives a general description of the system of military ranks, reveals the features of the vocabulary denoting military ranks in the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, highlights the use of words denoting military ranks in Russian and Vietnamese languages in communication and in official records. The results of the presented work may have a certain significance for lexicography and translation practice.

On February 12, 2020, the European Parliament officially ratified a free trade agreement with Vietnam — at a time when an infectious disease caused by COVID-19 is actively spreading around the world, which can significantly affect the European economy, investment, and social sphere. Aim. The presented study aims to demonstrate that implementation of the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) has the potential not only to increase the volume of trade, but also to activate new mechanisms of comprehensive cooperation between Europe and Vietnam while maintaining their mutual interest. Tasks. The authors summarize structural changes in the exports and imports of goods in the medium term; show a reduction in the interest rate on tariffs for goods exported from Vietnam to the European Union (EU) and goods coming from the EU to Vietnam; examine the growth dynamics of Vietnamese exports in 2020, 2025, and 2030, the dynamics of the EU exports to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) in the same years, and the growth of trade balance surplus. Methods. This study uses general methods to analyze free trade zones in a multilateral and bilateral format, which will be reflected in the study of the Eu-Vietnam free trade zone. Conclusions. Vietnam has accumulated significant experience in organizing free trade zones during the transition from a command economy to a market economy in 1986-2019, thus creating conditions for sustainable economic growth and becoming a country with many advanced and new technologies, higher income and living standards of the population. Based on a high level of strategic partnership with advanced countries, including the EU, United States, Republic of Korea, Japan, and Russia, Vietnam has ensured its economic security and has become a guarantor of peace in the East Asian region.

Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

The author analyzes the implementation of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and Vietnam, focusing on the current stage in regard to Western sanctions against Russia. The scholarly academic discourse outlook of this topic in Russia and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) helps to determine its problematic aspects. The study itself focuses at the geopolitical and economic effects of this FTA for the EAEU and Vietnam in the current global transformation. Then it considers trade relations of the parties, their dynamics, structure of commodity flows, indicators and characteristics of individual members participation. The assessments of investment cooperation and other forms of economic cooperation between the parties representing the key components of the FTA are summarized too. The author emphasi- zes the difficulties and obstacles facing the participants, and searches for lessons in the FTA implementation. The paper concludes, that the agreement with the SRV achieved a number of goals, but did not disclose the promised benefits of liberalizing the flow of goods, services, and capital. It recognizes that reduction of trade flows in 2022–2023 happened largely due to the Western sanctions against Russia, and their volume noticeably lagged behind expectations and forecasts. In general, the FTA members didn’t achieve a proper intensification of trade and investment. Commodity exchange, having become a core form of interaction, is marked by the growing weight of the Russian Federation and Vietnam, demonstrates contradictory trends in terms of both exports and imports, and a change in the structure of foreign trade that partly unprofitable for Russia.

The article is devoted to the issues of criminal liability of legal entities in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), established by the Criminal Code of SRV 2015, which entered into force on January 1, 2018.It is noted that not any legal entities can be prosecuted in Vietnam, but only those of them, which are recognized as commercial (corporate) legal entities. The Criminal Code of Vietnam defines a crime of a commercial legal entity as an act dangerous to society and provided for by the criminal code, committed intentionally or unintentionally by a commercial legal entity, infringing on relations protected by the criminal code. Thus, a commercial legal entity is recognized as the subject of a crime. It is pointed out that in Vietnam there is a so-called “secondary” or “selective” criminalization, when acts recognized as crimes are determined in the national law, and then from the existing list of crimes those for which legal entities may be criminalized are determined. In total, at present, such responsibility is provided for crimes provided for by 33 articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Vietnam. A commercial legal entity bears criminal responsibility in cases when: the crime is committed on behalf of a commercial legal entity; the crime was committed in the interests of a commercial legal entity; the crime was committed at the direction of the body (administration) of a commercial legal entity or in accordance with its decision. Penalties applied to commercial legal entities are given, and a brief description of some of them is given.

Research Article| October 01 1980 Foreign Relations of the Lao People's Democratic Republic: The Ideological Imperative Geoffrey C. Gunn Geoffrey C. Gunn Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1951) 20 (10): 990–1007. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643816 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Geoffrey C. Gunn; Foreign Relations of the Lao People's Democratic Republic: The Ideological Imperative. Far Eastern Survey 16 May 1951; 20 (10): 990–1007. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2643816 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1980 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

In 1986 high drama, drastic and decisive events, and extreme change or renewal, the traditional hallmarks of the Year of the Tiger, were expected in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) and for good reason. The nation faced the lunar New Year in March reeling from economic crises, dissatisfied with a faltering leadership, frozen in ideological conflict, and suffering from disarray in its foreign relations. Drastic change seemed imperative. As 1986 drew to a close some of the most severe domestic problems had been addressed, but with mixed results. Important leadership changes, both before and after the death of General Secretary Le Duan in midyear, were made to bolster the party line that policies to achieve economic reform undertaken in 1985 are basically correct although implementation has been faulty. Nevertheless, despite widespread criticism and self-criticism campaigns and important leadership shifts, economic conditions remained critical and the party appeared to be resorting to rationalizations to reinforce its control. In foreign affairs Vietnam rejected the proposals of the border-based Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) to resolve the standoff in Kampuchea between the Vietnamese occupiers and the resistance movement backed by ASEAN; it refrained from mounting a spring offensive; and it courted the United States by agreeing to provide a full MIA accounting by the end of 1989.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a key agricultural country where many valuable export crops are grown. However, their commercial value is limited due to insufficient attention to the conditions of storage of raw materials and their processing, therefore, the application and investment in advanced methods of its preservation and processing is a very relevant area of modern scientific research. Recent research conducted by Vietnamese scientists in collaboration with the international scientific community has shown that applying various innovative technologies to agricultural raw materials, combined with the use of biodegradable polymer packaging materials during storage, leads to a significant reduction in losses during transportation, as well as the development of final products, meeting the demand for food throughout the country. and by increasing their export volumes. However, for the rational implementation of technologies for the production of certain end products from agricultural raw materials or its long-term storage, information on its physico-chemical properties is necessary, and if we consider that most technologies are associated with thermal effects on raw materials, ignorance of thermophysical characteristics becomes an important industry problem, which served to set the goal of this study, which is to determining the thermophysical characteristics of one of the most controversial fruits grown in Vietnam – durian and promising alginate-based packaging material. Within the framework of the conducted research, the specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity coefficients and thermal conductivity of the objects of study were determined, taking into account their humidity, using well-known and adapted techniques. In this study, all the obtained results of determining the thermophysical characteristics for the studied objects are also presented in the form of corresponding graphical and mathematical dependencies.

In recent years, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has opened up economically and politically. This opening process can be expected to be continued with all due determination in the years to come. Both Japan and the Western industrialized nations have paid increasing attention to Vietnam’s new course. However, it is striking that particularly the Asian Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs), such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea, see an interesting economic partner in Vietnam. They lead the list of foreign investors in terms of countries of origin. However, Vietnam still counts as one of the poorest developing countries. Yet none of the other countries which can be included in the class of “Socialist-Oriented Developing Countries” (SODCs), such as Benin, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos, Madagascar, Tanzania, Burma, Iraq, Mozambique, Nicaragua or Syria, has been the subject of such a relatively large amount of attention. The fascination exercised by Vietnam can be explained by a number of factors, including the way it has taken in its stride the daunting after-effects of the war, the reunification of July 1976 and the process of transformation introduced at the end of the 1970s.KeywordsForeign TradePrimary SectorTertiary SectorSecondary SectorVietnamese GovernmentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, with a population of approximately 100 million, faces a critical shortage of ophthalmologists with only 1,300 practitioners nationwide (1.3 per 100,000 population). Cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness, accounting for over 75% of cases. While volunteer cataract surgery programs operate throughout the country, resource limitations often preclude comprehensive pre- and post-operative assessments, including standardized visual function testing. We report a case from a rural Vietnamese hospital, demonstrating significant objective visual improvement after cataract surgery, which highlights both the challenges and the public health significance of surgical outreach in resource-limited settings.An 86-year-old Vietnamese woman presented with vision loss and no documented medical or ophthalmic history. She underwent volunteer-based cataract surgery on her right eye. Preoperative findings included uncorrected visual acuity of 0.03 (20/667), intraocular pressure (IOP) of 13.0 mmHg, and a dense nuclear sclerotic cataract (grade 4-5) precluding fundoscopic examination. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was performed without complications. Postoperative management included topical antibiotics and overnight patching. On postoperative day one, the patient’s uncorrected visual acuity improved to 0.6 (20/33). IOP was 14.0 mmHg, and findings included mild anterior chamber inflammation, well-centered IOL, and a clear fundus view with normal macula and optic disc morphology.This case highlights that cataract surgery in a rural, low-resource setting can result in substantial visual improvement, even in advanced cases. It emphasizes cataracts as a leading cause of reversible blindness in Vietnam and demonstrates the transformative impact of surgical outreach. Expanding access and training are essential to address unmet ophthalmic needs in underserved regions.

The main objective set by many countries is ensuring security. The means to accomplish this goal are the armed forces, obliged to guarantee safe functioning of the state and its citizens. There are states, for which maintaining a powerful, modern army has enormous significance for their superpower status, for their preparedness to a potential conflict or as a deterrent for the neighbouring states. Therefore, in the following text I will deal with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, because of its history, and especially due to the region where it is situated - one of the hottest places on Earth, full of misunderstandings, disputes and conflicts causing that the states situated there, including Vietnam, are modernising their armies.

Представлены результаты анализа развития электронной коммерции в Социалистической Республике Вьетнам. Выявлены особенности развития электронной коммерции Республики, в т.ч. особенности демографии и динамика пользователей; основные каналы электронной торговли и предпочтительные способы оплаты онлайн-покупок. Показаны особенности перехода вьетнамского бизнеса к организации электронной коммерции. Изучены перспективы и сформулированы основные тренды развития электронной торговли во Вьетнаме.