Стратегическое партнерство России и Китая в сфере образования как фактор роста мягкой силы ШОС и БРИКС

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze whether China's exports can effectively improve the global competitiveness of other BRICS countries' exports from the perspective of intra-BRICS export trade.Design/methodology/approachThis paper extends the multinational trade model and analyzes the mechanism of the technological upgrading effect from the perspective of dynamic general equilibrium theory. In addition, this paper uses the export panel data of 217 products with three-digit SITC codes from China to other BRICS member countries from 2000 to 2016 and constructs a dynamic empirical model for parameter estimation.FindingsThe results show that China's exports to other BRICS member countries can effectively promote the technological improvement of other BRICS member countries' export products. In particular, the formal establishment of the BRICS organization in 2010 has significantly improved the efficiency of China's export technology optimization.Originality/valueIn the background of the prevalence of anti-globalization and the proliferation of protectionism, this paper proves that the deepening of trade cooperation between other BRICS members with China can help optimize their own international trade competitiveness and allow China's development dividend to benefit more countries and people.

The dynamics show that on a global scale there is a steady trend towards an increase in the level of environmental pollution. The main contributors to the global pollution are the most dynamically developing countries, especially the BRICS members. The hypothesis is that in conditions where traditional methods do not lead to the desired result, a tool is necessary. Digital twin technology can serve as such a tool. To check the hypothesis, the authors analyze the practice of creating and implementing digital twins in China, India, Brazil, and Russia. The choice of the countries was based on the data on the share of different countries in total emissions presented by the European Commission. In each country, the authors studied the mostly successful projects in terms of achieving national environmental goals. The significance of the study is in a new approach to the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the BRICS member countries, which are one of the main sources of pollution in the world. The authors take as a basis for their analysis data on the main sources of environmental pollution and offer options for reducing these emissions by creating digital twins. It is stated that the use of digital twins is not as expensive as switching to renewable energy sources and provides better indicators for modernizing production and management systems. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors are exploring alternative mechanisms for reducing environmental pollution compared to those practiced by the European Commission. Instead of assigning quotas and high fines for industrial emissions, as well as the transition to electric vehicles and renewable energy sources, the authors propose a systematic approach to modernizing production, construction, and urban management methods using digital twins of a real object. The technology allows not only to make management more efficient and reduce costs but also to achieve goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

th summit of BRICS held in Brazil between 14 th to 16 July, 2014 got remarkable exposure than ever before. Set-up of New Development Bank which has strength of breaking monopoly of IMF and IBRD and Contingency Reserve Arrangement (CRA) are the two key outcomes. The strength and validity of BRICS at global level highly depend upon interrelationship among BRICS members, particularly on India and China. Keeping all bilateral controversies aside PM Modi and Xi Jinping opinioned parallel remarks on present international politics and expected changes in the international institutions. They talked about equal opportunities as well as challenges of both the countries. Both they came close beyond the expectation and talked on economic issues as well as border dispute and cross border terrorism. Both they invited each other; especially Xi Jinping preferably appealed Modi to participate in the meeting of Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) to be held at Beijing in China in November, 2014 and giving green signal to attend Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and indirectly become full member of SCO. Hon. Putin's meet also proved fruitful. China's positive attitude and cooperation to India at the same time support of other members of BRICS is a precise indication to become India as a Superpower. I. Introduction: In the year 2009, developing countries viz. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (in 2010) coming together established BRICS association. The average economic growth rate of BRICS countries in the last 40 years remained 6-7 percent. These all economies have adopted economic liberalization policy. Hence, for the effective use of their abundant natural and human resources as well as industrial development they are in need of foreign capital investment. At the global scenario BRICS has incredible strengths. BRICS covers one fourth part of the geographical area of the world, 40 percent of World population. Its combine GDP is of $ 24 trillion and plays important role in World trade. Among these five Russia is affluent in the production of crude oil and natural gas, China is dominant in manufacturing sector, Brazil is leading to agriculture production, South Africa is famous in tourism and India is ahead in technology. If these countries come together and thinking seriously helped each other, would achieve tremendous economic growth and succeed to be a power block in the World politics.

In 1991, Kyrgyzstan gained its independence, and started establishing direct links with the world beyond the Soviet frontier. To conduct foreign relations Kyrgyzstan opened its embassies and/or consulates in almost 30 countries. Turkey is one of the key partners for Kyrgyzstan and plays an important role in the country’s foreign relations (Note 1). This article aims to look at the development of Kyrgyzstan-Turkey relations from 1991 till 2012 focusing on the aspects of the political and educational cooperation. Cooperation in the political sphere is studied by looking at official statements at all levels and, participation and collaboration in multilateral structures. As for the educational sphere, the focus is mainly on Turkey’s various initiatives such as Turkish schools and universities, as well as student exchange programs that can be seen as one of the ‘soft power’ tools inevitably promoting Turkish culture and values. The paper shows asymmetric relationship in which Kyrgyzstan seeks to pursue multi-vector policy rendering certain limitations in the relationship. Kyrgyzstan is essentially eager to receive Turkish foreign policy initiatives. Turkish presence in Kyrgyzstan has mostly been confined to spheres of education and economy. This reliance on ‘soft power’ is attributed to the fact that Turkey seems to, at least for now, lack resources and willingness to challenge Russia, China and USA in the competition for political and military influence in Central Asia.

Today many aspects of the Sino-Russian relationship are positive. The “strategic cooperative partnership” is supported by the Treaty for Good Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation, as well as membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and a shared commitment to a multipolar world. Nevertheless, the economic foundation of the relationship is weak, energy cooperation has not reached its potential, and the two states have competing interests in Central Asia. Thus, this article argues that although the Sino-Russian relationship is multifaceted and based on practical considerations, there are nevertheless factors that limit the relationship. China and Russia have links with the West that sometimes interfere in their relationship with each other. Moreover, the legacy of history remains in the background of the relationship. Finally, Russia's demographic decline, combined with China's economic growth, creates questions for Russians regarding their long-term security vis-à-vis China.

The article delves into the fundamental aspects of political interaction among a group of countries as part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). It examines the organization’s achievements, such as the establishment of key principles – the “Shanghai Spirit” and “consensus”; the signing of the “Treaty on Long- Term Good-Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation among the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”; and the formulation of the Medium-Term Development Strategy for expansion and diversification of participants. Additionally, it highlights the significance of the Sino-Russian interaction as a pivotal element of SCO activities, emphasizing their comprehensive strategic partnership in the new era as a guarantee of the union’s stability. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that over more than 20 years of development, the SCO has evolved into a new type of regional cooperation organization with advanced interaction concepts and significant international influence, the experience of which could inform the prospects for global cooperation.

The New Colombo Plan (NCP), a key plank in the Australian government’s foreign policy agenda, leverages student mobility as public diplomacy to improve Australia’s standing and influence within the Indo-Pacific region. Conceptualized as a “rite of passage” for young Australians, the NCP has been welcomed by Australian business, industry groups, and stakeholders because of its potential to deliver lasting relationships and practical economic benefits. Coordinated by the foreign affairs portfolio, the NCP represents a significant and distinct component of Australia’s public diplomacy, firmly aligned to advance the state’s economic diplomacy agenda. This paper explores the evolution of the NCP. It draws on stakeholder impressions from the program launch and pilot to explore early limitations and deeper soft power challenges. Findings suggest that the NCP is robust, yet key issues of strategic coherence, partnership, and evaluation require further attention if it is to deliver on its soft power promise.

Under the guidance of the BRICS spirit of openness, inclusiveness, and win-win cooperation, BRICS economic and trade cooperation has flourished at , has completed the historic expansion of its membership at , and has attracted many partner countries to deepen deal of their collaboration at , which has attracted a great attention from the international community. This paper constructs and measures the trade facilitation index of based on the 2010-2019 data of BRICS member countries, and further explores the impact of trade facilitation index of each country on Chinas exports by extended gravity model. It is found that the overall level of is not high and the differences are significant, and trade facilitation of BRICS member countries has a significant promotion effect on Chinas exports, and there is heterogeneity in the promotion effect of on Chinas exports, among which the quality of infrastructure and the customs efficiency of have the most significant impact. services Lower income level member countries have a higher marginal gain for Chinas exports by improving their trade facilitation index.

This article is devoted to the analysis of cooperation between the SCO countries and the integration association itself with UNODC. It is emphasized that the interaction of these structures is extremely important in the current conditions of a high level of cross-border organized crime in the global world, which is facilitated, as you know, by the Internet, the rapid progress of ICT, the liberalization of international transportation and cross-border communication of various communities, individuals and world tourism. One of the types, one of the dangerous varieties of cross-border organized crime is drug trafficking, which brings challenges and threats to national, regional and universal security. Hence the task of establishing close cooperation between the SCO and UNODC through various programs. UNODC seeks to strengthen the potential of the SCO member states to counter the drug threat. The article describes and analyzes various UNODC projects and programs, many of which have been successfully implemented in the SCO member countries.

The purpose of the article is to study the history of the cooperation between twinned regions – the Irkutsk region and the Gyeongsangbuk-do province, which has lasted for 25 years. The data on the activities and projects organized during this period has been provided. Regional cooperation plays an important role in international relations. One of its purposes is to expand and strengthen interaction between two countries. The article examines the experience of cooperation between twinned regions – the Irkutsk region and the Gyeongsangbuk-do province – and studies the role of interregional interaction in relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea. The regions cooperated actively in 2016–2018 and later the cooperation was suspended due to the spread of COVID 19. Most of bilateral contacts have been in cultural and educational sphere. At the same time, there is a predominance of the events organized by the Korean side, which is along the lines of the “soft power” strategy of the Republic of Korea. And although the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Korea cooperate in economy, tourism, education and other fields, the role of the Gyeongsangbuk-do province is very insignificant in this process. Despite the fact that at each privat meeting the heads of the regions declare their intention to implement joint projects in the economic and medical sector no significant results have been achieved in this direction so far. Thus, the current relations between the regions do not play a significant role in the development of relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea and are mainly aimed at promoting the culture of their own country in the territory of the partner region.

Recent hikes in oil-equity market correlations: Transitory or permanent?

The study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation, and interest rates on the Home Price Index (HPI) in BRICS member countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), using data from Q1 2016 to Q2 2023. Secondary data used in this study were obtained from official sources, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and the Central Banks of BRICS countries. The analysis technique in this study uses panel data regression, namely the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of the analysis of the data panel show that COVID-19 has had a significant positive impact on the HPI, indicating that the pandemic has affected the housing market in the BRICS countries. Interest rates have a negative and significant impact on the HPI, suggesting that tighter monetary policy is likely to suppress rising house prices. Finally, inflation has a positive and significant impact on the HPI, illustrating a positive relationship between inflation rates and house prices in BRICS countries. These findings provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders in BRICS countries in managing housing markets and addressing challenges posed by unforeseen events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, these results also have the potential to support the development of more effective economic policies for the BRICS.

The gravity model approach was used to examine intra-trade flows and exchange rate volatility among BRICS countries.The study discovered that GDP has a significant impact on intra-trade flows, whereas geographical distance and exchange rate volatility have a negative impact on intra-BRICS trade flows.According to the results of the gravity model, special attention should be paid to improving the exchange rate stability of each BRICS country's real GDP.The study recommended that policymakers in the BRICS countries craft macroeconomic policies that reduce exchange rate volatility while maintaining the level and pattern of trade openness.The BRICS economies should generally strengthen and restructure their domestic foreign exchange markets, as their absence acts as a roadblock in mitigating exchange rate risk.

The article considers the features of creation and development of organizational systems of technology transfer in the BRICS member countries (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China, South Africa), interaction of participants in the innovation process. The author identifies the significant role of the regional component in the formation of effective national innovation systems. The purpose of the article is to analyze the national innovation systems of the BRICS member countries, since each of these countries has gone its own way of innovative development, justified by regional characteristics. Based on the analysis of transfer systems operating in the BRICS countries, the author identifies key and most promising areas for the development of the integration of the scientific and educational, production spheres and the state in order to form special mechanisms for organizing innovative processes that ensure effective interaction between all its participants, contributing to the formation of competitive high-tech products.

The Arctic region attracts increasing attention from a wide range of countries. Among the non-regional players seeking to enter the Arctic is Brazil. For Brazil, participation in the development of the Arctic region is a way to increase its role both within the BRICS and in the international arena. The country sees its participation in Arctic projects both in the multilateral BRICS format within the framework of the Working Group on Ocean and Polar Research, and as an independent participant, based on the experience of Antarctic research within the PROANTAR program. In the new political and economic conditions Russia is aimed at building a multi-vector policy in the Arctic region. The country is building cooperation with new "players" in the Arctic, mainly with the BRICS member countries. Experts consider Brazil as one of Russia's potential partners in the Arctic in the following areas: environmental protection and combating climate change; water management; sustainable agriculture; support for indigenous peoples; and energy projects.