КОРРЕЛЯЦИОННЫЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИХ АДАПТАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ТИПА

Background. Sarcopenia, commonly linked with ­aging, has recently been observed in children, affecting 5–40 % of the pediatric population. Loss of muscle mass in childhood limits physical performance and increases the risk of injuries and metabolic disorders, potentially leading to long-term health complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of adaptive reserves in children with sarcopenia using the indicator of regulatory systems activity (IRSA) compared to children of the same age and sex without signs of sarcopenia, as well as to establish the relationship of IRSA with body composition and muscle strength. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 112 children aged 10–14 years. Muscle mass and strength were assessed via bioelectrical impedance and grip test, respectively. Heart rate variability analysis was used to evaluate cardiovascular system reserves and adaptive potential. Results. The grip strength (GS) of children with sarcopenia was significantly lower than in the control group: by 26.9 % in girls and by 28.7 % in boys (p < 0.01). Sarcopenia index (SI) and body fat (BF) percentage differed markedly, with SI in the main group being 27.2 and 28.5 % lower in girls and boys, respectively (p < 0.05), and BF being 19.8 % higher in sarcopenic girls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, IRSA values were significantly higher in children with sarcopenia: by 47.5 % in girls and by 56.3 % in boys, indicating reduced adaptive capacity (p < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between IRSA and both SI and GS among sarcopenic children, along with a positive correlation between IRSA and BF percentage in girls. These findings suggest a relationship between body composition and children’s adaptive reserves, assessed based on heart rate variability. Conclusions. In patients with sarcopenia, IRSA significantly exceeds the values observed in children without sarcopenia, indicating a decrease in adaptive reserve. A negative correlation between IRSA and muscle mass components (SI and GS) has been identified, confirming the impact of muscle mass deficiency on adaptive reserve.

Against the background of increasing prevalence of cardiovascular pathology, monitoring of hemodynamic indicators in children and adolescents, assessment of adaptive capabilities during the study period in an educational organization are crucial tasks of modern medicine and prevention. Objective. To identify the features of hemodynamic indicators in modern school students, to determine tendencies in the dynamics of indicators on the basis of retrospective data analysis. Materials and methods. Assessment of children’s physical development indicators was carried out on the results of a survey of 891 school students in Novosibirsk. Anthropometric and hemodynamic indicators were studied; adaptive potential was calculated. The retrospective data consisted of a sample of anthropometric and hemodynamic indicators of school students in Novosibirsk aged 7—17 years (n =4.599 children), obtained during medical examinations of school students performed in 1976 and 1997—2001. Statistical analysis was carried out using Excel spreadsheets of Statistica-10.0 package. Results. The mean values of the studied indicators, both in boys and girls corresponded to age norms, thus in 8.5% of children systolic pressure level was elevated with maximum values in 12 and 16 years age groups. Modern boys and girls are characterized by higher systolic and diastolic pressure values (by 4—6 mm Hg) and a higher heart rate compared to their peers living previously (p<0.05). It has been established in the assessment of adaptive potential that the stress of adaptive mechanisms is characteristic of most modern children (94.4%). In a large number of publications, the problem of prevalence of elevated blood pressure in modern children and adolescents is noted, as well as the decline in the proportion of children with satisfactory adaptive capabilities. Conclusion. The performed analysis has revealed age-sex features of hemodynamic indicators in modern children and adolescents and has indicated a significant deterioration in the health of school students compared to their peers living more than 40 years ago.

Introduction. In modern Russia, the environmental problems affected all developing countries are growing and the postponement of these problems could lead to economic collapse. The fundamental transformation of social and economic institutions is necessary to avoid environmental degradation. Primarily, science requires a transition to a paradigm, which integrates economic well-being and environmental security of current and future generations. The translator of such synthesis can and should be a vocational training system.The aim of the present article is to demonstrate and justify the model of ecological and economic value orientations formation in vocational education members; since this model ensures integrity, systemacity, continuity of work and parity of actions of all participants in the educational process.Methodology and research methods. The design of the model was based on holistic, synergistic and professiographic approaches. The principles of personal targeting, self-reflection, ecosinergism and continuity were applied. Reflexive analysis was the leading method in the research.Results and scientific novelty. The authors give the definition of ecological and economic value orientations, considering them as formations in the structure of individual consciousness, which are subjective ideal samples and objective bases of responsible ecological and economic activity of the individual, social institutions and production enterprises. However, the formation and development of such orientations in the vocational education system is very difficult without the certain economic order to train specialists in order to make cost-effective and moral focused on environmental issues. Today’s graduates of non-ecological specialties have superficial ideas of the nature and its relationship with the state of society and they are practically unaware of the basics of environmental management and ecological-economic risks. In recent decades, the gap between education and scientific achievements has become increasingly obvious in the field of genetic engineering, cyber production, autotrophic and chemical-biological technologies with the use of artificially grown living systems, etc., which change initial ideas about ecology and can raise civilisation to a new level of evolution. It is necessary not only to transmit the latest discoveries and ecological knowledge to students, but also to try to change their world view by instilling ecocentric morality. In this regard, the model for ontological reflection of ecological and economic values formation has been developed. This model emphasises that professional readiness in the modern world is determined not only by a set of certain competencies, but also by the ability to analyse the whole set of external externalities to prevent environmental threats, without losing the economic benefit of activities.Practical significance. The authors believe that the introduction of a reflexive model into educational practice could be applied to train highly qualified specialists with a full range of professional competencies, value orientations and personal qualities, which correspond to the realities of unstable ecological and economic state of society.

Children who have suffered brain damage form a large group of patients in need of rehabilitation. For rehabilitation, patients require not only surgical, neurosurgical, traumatological, pharmacological and other medical support, but also the creation of special conditions for psychiatric care, psychological and pedagogical correction of their psychophysical potential. Neurological, motor and mental consequences of severe injuries of the nervous system in children lead to a high degree of disability with a subsequent restriction of their life, where social maladaptation and a violation of the quality of life are the primary problems. An integrated approach with differentiated qualified help will increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and help the children adapt when they return to their normal environment. To identify the characteristics of mental activity during the recovery of the level of consciousness in children after acute severe brain damage at an early stage of rehabilitation. We examined 210 children under the age of 18 years with severe brain damage (traumatic brain injury, hypoxia, hydrocephalus) who were admitted for treatment and rehabilitation. Clinical-psychopathological, pedagogical methods were used for examination as well as diagnostic scales, questionnaires. The main differentiating signs were divided into three groups, depending on the mental activity of the child, the level of consciousness: Group 1 - 37 (18%) patients with mental activity with physical, cognitive and social abilities with the minimal '+' consciousness (a-/hyperkinetic mutism with emotional reactions, understanding of speech); 2-nd group - 67 (32%) patients with dominant manifestations of physical and cognitive abilities with the minimal '-' consciousness (a-/hyperkinetic mutism without emotional manifestations and understanding of speech); 3rd group - 106 (50%) children with a weak manifestation of mental activity (physical abilities) in a vegetative status/exit from a vegetative status. Three variants of mental activity in children after acute severe brain injuries were distinguished - from minimal involuntary reactions or their absence during the vegetative status/exit from the vegetative status to arbitrary actions according to the instructions of an adult with a minimum '+' consciousness. Understanding the dynamics of the recovery of children's mental activity after neurotrauma may make it possible to have a differentiated approach to psychiatric, psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation in order to correct the recovery of mental functions in pediatric patients, and to prevent the developmental disorders as the child grows.

The aim of this study was to find the most effective aquatherapy for physical rehabilitation of patients suffering from neurological pain in the cervical spine. Material & Methods: the study involved 86 patients (59 women, 27 men aged 38 to 55 years). Of these, 43 patients (50%) were in the main group and 43 patients (50%) were in the comparison group. The following were used: observation, aquatherapy, special physical exercises, cervical spine traction, electromyotonometry, pain study (VAS), adaptive potential indices and Ruffier-Dixon index, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the effect of aquatherapy on pain was the most effective: in the main group there was a significant reduction in pain (disappearance by 83.7%, improvement by 9.3%, minor improvement by 7%). In the control group, significant pain reduction was obtained only in 60.4% of patients (23.3% – improvement, 7% – insignificant improvement, 9.3% – no improvement). Conclusions: the study showed that the addition of aqua therapy to the main rehabilitation improves the results of treatment of patients with neuralgic manifestations of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. In the main group there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the indices of adaptive potential, Ruffier-Dixon index and diastolic pressure under the influence of aqua therapy, which indicates a decrease in the tension of the cardiovascular system and an increase in the power of the body’s adaptive reserves. Mobility indices of the cervical spine improved, blocks of spasmed muscles were relieved, their tone normalized, and pain decreased.

The subject of the study is the general professional initial training of police officers aimed at the formation of the personality of the subject of professional activity – a police officer as a citizen, defender of life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state, a patriot of his Fatherland. The purpose of the study is the theoretical substantiation of the model of general professional initial training as the first stage of professional training (initial level of professional training of police officers), police officers first recruited, which is aimed at the formation of the personality of police officers with a basic level of general professional knowledge, skills, personal qualities and readiness to implement them in further professional activities. On the basis of the formed basic knowledge, skills, skills, professional and moral ideals, values and ethical norms, a police officer already within the framework of general professional initial training should become a person ready and capable of mastering new general professional knowledge, skills, abilities throughout his professional life. In conditions of insufficient general education and physical training of citizens accepted for training and increased requirements for the personal and professional qualities of modern police officers, it is necessary to rebuild the existing professional training, i.e. reformat the content of the educational process, forms, methods, means, technologies of training at the initial stage. The need to make changes in the professional training of police officers, who were first recruited, is caused by the increased requirements for their daily activities. At the present stage, a police officer needs to have formed basic general professional knowledge, skills, skills and personal qualities. Among them: respect for the honor and dignity of citizens, self-demanding and responsibility, determination and decency, morality and dedication, initiative and stress resistance, readiness for interaction and cooperation, physical fitness, readiness for the lawful use of force and special means, including firearms, etc.

This article explores the history of scientific and practical conferences dedicated to children’s book at the Nizhny Tagil State Social and Pedagogical Institute. The aim of the article is to reveal the specifics of interdisciplinary research of children’s book in the process of conferences; to study the possibilities of the conference as a form of mediation between representatives of professional communities studying children’s book (scientists, representatives of various humanitarian disciplines) and practitioners (teachers, librarians). The main results: analysis of history of scientific and practical conferences devoted to children’s book, which were held at the Nizhny Tagil State Social Pedagogical Institute in 2008–2019; identification of the themes and issues of the conferences, the forms of participant’s work (reports, round tables, master classes, exhibitions, etc.); justification for the role of scientific and practical conference devoted to children’s book as a form of mediation between professional communities of writers, critics and researchers of children’s literature, teachers, librarians.

Some schools implement the so-called alternative mode of study alternating periods of study (5–6 weeks) and rest (1 week). The studies established a positive effect of such a regime in primary school. However, its effect on the adaptation of pupils to middle school is not sufficiently studied. Aim. The article deals with a comprehensive study of forming and realizing psychophysiological adaptation potential in children aged 11–12 years during their adaptation to the middleschool in the traditional and alternative mode of study. Materials and methods. 5-grade pupils from 2 different schools participated in the study: 49 pupils followed a traditional program, 41 – alternative. In pupils, we assessed neurodynamics, mental performance, heart rate variability, emotional status, social and psychological adaptation, coping strategies, and grades at the beginning and end of the academic year. Results. In 5-grade pupils studying in an alternative mode, a pronounced positive dynamics of the indicators was registered compared to the traditional model. This is especially attributed to the girls, teenagers with vagotony, and pupils with initially low psychophysiological characteristics. Conclusion. The mode of study with alternating periods of study and rest stimulates and contributes to the optimal realization of children’s psychophysiological adaptation potential when entering middle school. It also improves the insufficiently developed components of adaptation potential in 5-grade pupils with its initially low level.

The change in the architecture of the world economy towards digitalization, global reformatting of people's consciousness, which involves the replacement of 25-40% of current specialties with digital tools in the coming years, requires the concentration of scientific research on the issue of compliance with ethical and social norms when implementing these transformations. The new economic reality (neo-economy) requires quick solutions and approaches to both the sources of value creation and mechanisms for the formation of added value, as well as the socio-ethical aspects of responsibility for the current and future living environment of humanity. The purpose of the article is to consider the theoretical and methodological foundations of ethics in the paradigm of total reformatting of people's consciousness through the prism of forming the concept of creative neo-economy. To achieve the set goal, the following general scientific methods were used: systematization, theoretical generalization and grouping of components of digital capabilities and human potential in creative neo-economy; formalization, analysis and synthesis (for building schemes of creative and digital business industries; logical generalization of results (formulation of conclusions). The importance of human potential and the need for its development in the system of creative solutions of the global neo-economy and the development of levers for protecting ethical norms in the context of digital changes are emphasized. The need to form unified mechanisms for safeguarding compliance with ethical norms, strengthening the dynamics of learning and adaptation to new changes is substantiated. A new vision of the role of humanity in the paradigm of creative neo-economy is formulated. An own definition of the concept of "creative neo-economy" is proposed based on the use of the creative component of human potential and the results of creative activity (new technologies, innovations, information, knowledge). In our opinion, "creative neo-economy" is a concept of adaptation of humanity in the new digital world. The humane symbiosis of coexistence in the new reality is based on the combination of creativity, knowledge and technology by implementing the unique features of human potential: emotions, creativity and freedom of choice. This is a transition to a new level of development of humanity, where the main value is creativity and the ability to develop and improve it. Despite the material component of the company's operating philosophy, we believe that ethics is a fundamental basis for formulating policies that contribute to the sustainable and fair development of society in the digital conditions of intellectual "aging" of humanity. The number is a tool, and the person is the creator. And even in a world dominated by technology, it is primarily the person who determines which algorithms will be embedded in the number and which safeguards will be applied. This concept should be implemented in the paradigm of a wide range of participants, namely "consumer-company-product-society-state", since there are factors that a person can solve, but there are also those that are beyond his control. We believe that there are no universal ethical safeguards in the fight against the digital evolution of business in creating new added value. At the same time, there are basic things such as education, creativity, and the development of critical thinking that will allow a person to remain authentic and adapt to new realities.

Introduction: the 1920s and 1930s in the Soviet Union were marked by drastic changes in various social institutions, including demographic policy. After the overthrow of the old ways and the establishment of egalitarian principles, the Soviet government began a radical reassessment and transformation of family law. During this period, a number of measures were implemented aimed at regulating demographic processes, including population growth, migration and family planning. These measures were shaped by the ideological and economic imperatives of the Soviet state, which sought to create a socialist society and accelerate industrialization. The state-legal regulation of demographic policy in the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s was characterized by a complex interaction of factors, including the legacy of the Russian Empire, the influence of Marxist-Leninist ideology and the pragmatic needs of the Soviet economy. The Soviet government, through a combination of legislative acts, administrative decrees and propaganda campaigns, sought to shape the demographic behavior of its citizens so that it would be more rational and effective in terms of reproductive choice. The purpose of the study is to reveal the main features of the state-legal regulation of demographic policy in the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s, including the main legislative and administrative measures taken by the Soviet government, the ideological and economic context wherein these measures were implemented, as well as the impact of this policy on the demographic development of the Soviet Union. Methods: the methods of historicism, systematics, analysis and comparative law. Results: the study analyzes the main legislative and administrative measures of state-legal regulation of demographic policy in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s. An attempt is made to comprehend the ideological and economic context wherein these measures were implemented, as well as their subsequent impact on the demographic development of the Soviet Union. Conclusions: during the period under review, the state took measures aimed at strengthening marriage as a legal institution, complicating the divorce procedure, and introducing moral norms into family relations. The interests of children and ensuring their well-being in the family were in the center of attention. However, these measures were not without contradictions. The attempts to restore traditional values in a rapidly changing society led to the fact that many citizens could not adapt to the new norms. All attempts to increase the birth rate without solving the underlying economic, political and social problems proved futile. The lack of appropriate regulatory legal acts, combined with the inconsistency of public policy with the interests of citizens, made these efforts ineffective. This flawed approach did not bring the desired demographic boost in the long run, which underscores the need for a more comprehensive and citizen-oriented strategy. Thus, the demographic policy in the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s reflected a complex and contradictory process of restructuring moral and legal norms in accordance with the new conditions of development of society.

A social institution is a special type of integrative whole formed on the basis of objective connections of people. It acts as an organized system of social norms and relationships which encompass public wealth and values to meet the basic needs of society. Social institutions, which are the object of research of different sciences, are similar in terms of purpose and functions. These include the family, the elders, the property, and so on. These institutions, in turn, are an integral part of the institution of the family. The various processes taking place in the world in modern times affect each individual in a reciprocal way. It is more appropriate to name globalization, urbanization, migration as whole demographic processes among them. The process of globalization connects the degradation of centuries-old values and principles in this direction with economic factors. In this case, the distances that separate people from each other limit the ability to assess the personal qualities. Thus, in the presented article, the concepts related to this issue act as a factor confirming the existence of socio-psychological functions that are an integral part of the family institution. This tendency inherent in intergenerational relations raises the issue of ethnic worldview, the problem of unity of past and future.

The study identifies the relevance of effective professional training of future teachers in the field of preschool education, in particular, the preparation for using media space in the educational process of preschool education institution. The content of one of the main concepts of the study — “media space”, which is defined by us as the space of a set of individual, collective entities, social institutions in the production, existence, circulation of audiovisual (electronic) information, is clarified. Modern media space includes television (terrestrial, cable, satellite, etc.), radio, printed media, movies and videos, DVDs, CD-ROMs, e-mail, computer channels and the Internet. The content of the basic concept of the study “readiness of teachers for using the media space in the educational process of preschool education institution”, which we consider as a holistic integrative, rather embedded in content personality quality, which is a set of values, motives, knowledge, skills, personal professional qualities that determine the effectiveness of the use of media space in the educational process of preschool education institution. The peculiarities of the organization of media space in the conditions of preschool education institution are outlined. On the basis of the analysis of curricula and work programs of educational disciplines of a number of Ukrainian universities, the state of formation of researched readiness of future teachers in the field of preschool education in the conditions of university pedagogical training is investigated. Based on the analysis of the educational activities of teachers of preschool education, the features of their readiness regarding the use of media space in the educational process of preschool education have been studied. The need for further improvement of the educational process to form the readiness of future teachers to use the media space in the educational process of preschool education institution and optimize their independent activities in order to effectively develop the studied professional quality.

The state of psychological health of the population requires immediate solution of ethical, legal and socio-medical problems in terms of organization of psychological assistance in Russia. Preservation and strengthening of psychological health of the population is a top-priority task of modern public policy, it is confirmed by governmental legislation containing such information. Population health in these socio-economic and political conditions is characterized by extreme instability, growth of psychopathies, suicidal and deviant behavior, especially among young people. Postcovid social space is characterized by an increase in depressive states, anxiety disorders associated with prolonged isolation of the population. This is aggravated by a number of social and military-political factors that cause constant stressing of the population up to outright panic and phobias, which pushed a significant part of the population to make rash decisions up to leaving the country and suicide attempts. However, with competently organized and qualitatively conducted psychological assistance it would be quite possible to stop the mass exodus of the population on the background of panic. In this regard, the problem of creating a single governmental law on the organization of psychological help in Russia is the most urgent. Such laws were adopted at the regional level only in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but they were characterized by fragmentation and deficiencies in terms of professional education and training of psychologists. The article considers ways of solving ethical and legal problems related to the creation of a unified federal law on psychological assistance to the population and the development of a professional standard for the training of psychologists, taking into account ethical, legal, educational and personal qualities, with a clear description of the rights and responsibilities of practicing psychologists. The author also considers the necessity and possibility of introducing the position of a staff psychologist in every educational, departmental institution, office, companies, medical and social institutions, including antenatal clinics and hospices. Special attention should be paid to improving the Criminal Code in terms of provisions regulating safe psychological assistance and providing for criminal punishment for damage to the psychological health of the patient when professional knowledge is used for selfish purposes, as well as when people in need of psychological help are attracted to sects under the guise of group psychotherapy. It is also supposed to mandatory certification and registration of practicing psychologists, introduction of certification licensing of psychologists.

Military service is a special type of activity, in which the stress effect on a person plays a high role. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of cognitive abilities on neuropsychic stability of cadets, as one of the most controversial issues in the medical and psychological support of military personnel. The subject of the study is the influence of cognitive abilities on the neuropsychic stability of cadets. The object of the study is: 1,822 cadets of the Naval Polytechnic Institute aged 18 to 26 years with different levels of neuropsychiatric stability. The sample was divided into three parts according to the level of neuropsychiatric stability. Special attention is paid to statistical data processing as an important element of the scientific method of cognition of the world. The article provides examples of calculating a model for predicting the level of neuropsychiatric stability of the cadets. A comparative study of the cognitive abilities of cadets with different levels of neuropsychiatric stability was conducted. Mathematical modeling was carried out using discriminant analysis. Predictors of a cadet's neuropsychic stability are a combination of indicators of their cognitive development: the ability to establish logical relationships between concepts based on analysis and synthesis operations, the level of development of verbal and logical thinking; tempo characteristics of mental activity, the level of development of operational thinking and operational memory, as well as attention characteristics; the ability to transform visual images in space, the level of development of spatial-figurative thinking. It is shown that the level of communication abilities increases from low to high neuropsychiatric stability. At the same time, the differences between the indicators of cadets with high neuropsychological stability differ significantly compared with cadets with medium and low, the differences between groups with low and medium stability are determined at the trend level. A model for predicting the level of neuropsychic stability was obtained: Wilkes Lambda: 0.95595 approx. F (6.3634)=13.799 p

In a group of 68 adults of both sexes, we examined correlations between estimates of the psychological adaptability of an individual (diagnosed using a multilevel personality questionnaire, MPQ) and spectral powers, SPs, of the frequency components (rhythms) of background EEG recorded in the resting state (leads C3 and C4 according to the 10-20 system). Despite high individual variability within the group, indices by the scale “communicative potential” demonstrated significant correlation with the SP of the θ rhythm, while estimates of the moral normativity correlated with the SPs of the α and β1 rhythms. Subgroups of the persons classified according to the level of the integral adaptation capability (personality’s adaptation potential) differed from each other in the mean estimates of interhemisphere asymmetry of the α rhythm; this index was higher in subjects with the medium/high level of adaptability. The correlations observed are, most probably, determined by the fact that both the level of psychological adaptability of the personality and the EEG amplitude parameters depend significantly on genetic (neurochemical, in particular) factors. Such peculiarities of the neurodynamic constitution of the individual are probably determined, to a considerable extent, by the specificities of organization and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (aminergic, in particular) and neurohumoral systems.