Інтеграція ігрових, системних та інформаційно-ресурсних концепцій оцінки енергоактивної взаємодії техногенних і екологічних систем (Ч. 2)

The use of wastewater in agricultural production is a common practice of increasing relevance in both developing and industrialized countries. Results from research in a multitude of locations indicate that effects on economic and social parameters exceed the direct impacts of an additional resource for production and hazards from pollution. The characteristics of wastewater as an element in natural and man-made systems may have implications along the chain from the decision to allocate wastewater to the agricultural sector up to the level of markets for agricultural products. The actual occurrence of such implications depends on the interaction of a number of factors, which go considerably beyond the type and level of water contaminants. Conditions of farming systems as well as the knowledge, perception and attitude of involved stakeholders and decision-makers are at least as important as the physical and biophysical effects. Social and economic consequences pertain to larger parts of societies, even if impacts on the livelihoods of farmers and their families are the most complex ones. Nearby communities, consumers, owners of land and water resources, as well as bodies that are in charge of handling accruing wastewater and beneficiaries of intangibles from nature are among those who may need consideration in the evaluation of advantages and disadvantages.

Guangxi Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration has abundant tourism resources, the tourism industry has achieved good development results. However, tourism activities have had a significant impact on the ecological environment. It can provide a basis for the sustainable development of regional tourism by evaluating the ecological security level of tourism destinations scientifically. In this paper, we aimed to measure the level of tourism ecological security in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration. The results showed that the tourism ecological security had been still at the critical security level. The tourism ecological security had faced certain pressure, but there was great potential for future development. There were significant differences in each subsystem. The indexes of Driving force and Pressure presented fluctuating downward trends. The indexes of State, Impact, and Response all significantly increased in fluctuations. Finally, some suggestions were proposed, including strictly implementing the environmental assessment planning system and strengthening regional tourism cooperation.

With the development of economy and the growth of population, water ecological environment of Fen River in the section of Taiyuan urban district has been severely polluted. Based on the general concept of ecological security and the pressure-state-response conceptual model, this paper constructed a water ecological security assessment system consisting of eighteen assessment indicators, set the classification standard of each assessment indicator, and determined their weights. Besides, by using this system and the analytic hierarchy process, we quantitatively assessed the water ecological security in Taiyuan. Our results showed that the water ecosystem is in a lower security level in 2010, and after a series of measures, such as ecological environment management and integrated water resources protection are performed, the water ecosystem would gradually recover to the security level in 2015, 2020 and 2030, but still fails to reach the ideal level. This research may contribute to the macro control over urban water ecological construction and the environment improvement in Taiyuan urban district.

Consumption of products of livestock resources in Kazakhstan: Characteristics and influencing factors

With the rapid economic development in recent years, the development of oil and gas has become more and more rapid. Oil and gas are essential energy sources, but oil and gas risks hinder the development of the oil and gas industry. Purpose. This article mainly introduces the relevant theoretical knowledge of distributed computing and the coupled mathematical model of oil and gas risk and relies on the distributed calculation to analyze the oil and gas risk, thereby constructing the mathematical model of coupled oil and gas risk. The coupled mathematical model is based on the theories of rock mechanics, seepage mechanics, and heat transfer to study the interaction between fluid seepage and rock mass deformation under nonisothermal conditions in the reservoir and to establish the mathematical equations of the three fields (seepage field, temperature field and stress field) and their coupling action. Methodology. It mainly relies on distributed computing, analyzes oil and gas risks through distributed computing, builds a mathematical model for oil and gas risk coupling, and also inputs oil and gas risks into the network through neural network calculations to achieve the purpose of risk assessment. Finally, through the experiment and analysis of the questionnaire, the whole article is completed. Research Findings. The experiment in this article mentioned that the demand for oil and gas has been increasing in recent years, from 350 million tons in 2011 to 10.3 tons in 2016, an increase of 680 million tons, an increase of 48%, but the amount of oil and gas extracted is far below the demand for oil and gas. In 2011, the amount of oil and gas extracted was only 210 million tons, and in 2016, it was only 570 million tons, so the extraction of oil and gas needs to be accelerated. However, there are many risks in oil and gas exploitation. Therefore, how to build a mathematical model of oil and gas risk coupling based on distributed computing is the most important problem to be solved at present. Research Implications. Based on previous research results, this paper systematically studies the related issues of oil and gas exploration risk assessment. The thesis first summarizes the current research status of oil and gas exploration risk assessment. The risk of oil and gas exploration is a hot topic in the current research field of oil and gas exploration and development. Its research focuses on the adverse effects of the uncertainty of geology, technology, engineering, ecological environment, etc., on the entire exploration investment project, finds out their gaps and problems through comparison, and clarifies the direction of the next oil and gas exploration risk assessment. Practical Implications. This paper uses evidence theory to effectively realize the basic probability distribution of attributes while solving the difficult problems of most qualitative indicators in risk assessment. The two effective combinations provide new ideas for risk assessment and scientific decision-making.

Soil, as one of the most important natural resources on the earth, is the foundation of the terrestrial ecosystem and the basis for the survival and development of human society. It not only supports the growth of plants, providing a necessary material basis for agricultural production, but also plays an irreplaceable role in regulating the ecological balance of the earth and maintaining biodiversity. In the agricultural field, the quality of soil directly determines the yield and quality of crops. From the perspective of the ecological environment, soil is an important place for material cycling and energy conversion in the ecosystem. This study aims to deeply explore effective methods for soil quality improvement and enhancement. By comprehensively applying physical, chemical, biological and other means, it provides scientific basis and technical support for solving the current problems faced by the soil. This has important practical significance for ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture, improving the level of food security, and protecting the ecological environment. Specifically, by improving soil quality, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be enhanced, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be reduced, the cost of agricultural production can be lowered, and at the same time, agricultural non-point source pollution can be reduced, and the water and atmospheric environments can be protected. In addition, good soil quality also helps to promote the restoration and reconstruction of the ecosystem, increase biodiversity, and maintain ecological balance.

Agricultural innovations involve both social and social-ecological dynamics where outcomes emerge from interactions of innovation actors embedded within their ecological environments. Neglecting the interconnected nature of social-ecological innovations can lead to a flawed understanding and assessment of innovations. In this paper, we present an empirically informed, stylized agent-based model of agricultural innovation systems in Mali, West Africa. The study aimed to understand the emergence of food security and income inequality outcomes through two distinct model structures: top-down, aid-driven (exogenous) innovation and bottom-up, community-driven (endogenous) innovation. Our research questions were: i) How does the inclusion of social-ecological interactions in the model affect food security and income inequality outcomes? ii) How do exogenous and endogenous mechanisms influence food insecurity and income inequality? iii) What are the conditions under which exogenous and endogenous mechanisms would improve food security? The structural design of the model was based on a combination of theory, empirics, and mapping of social-ecological dynamics within innovation systems. Using the Social-Ecological Action Situation framework, we mapped the social, social-ecological, and ecological interactions that jointly produce food security outcomes. The exploratory model analysis reveals three key insights: i) Incorporation of social-ecological interactions influences model outcomes. Scenarios with social-ecological interactions showed a stronger relationship between income inequality and food security, lower levels of food security, and higher levels of income inequality than scenarios with social interactions. ii) Endogenous mechanism leads to higher food security and income inequality than the exogenous mechanism. iii) Bidirectional outreach is more effective than unidirectional outreach in improving food security. Inclusion of social-ecological dynamics and interactions such as the role of climate risk perception, social learning and formation of innovation beliefs and desires is key for modelling and analysis of agricultural innovations.

In order to clarify regional ecological security status and formation mechanism of regional ecological security barriers in underdeveloped regions of China, we took Yunnan province as a case to evaluate its regional ecological security by using entropy matter-element model, comprehensive index and GIS spatial method, and we diagnosed its obstacle factors through obstacle degree model. We found a low overall level of regional ecological security in Yunnan. Only Kunming fell into the good level, 68% of the regions were below the critical safe level. For the vast majority of regions in Yunnan, their regional ecological security was unstable. The indexes related to per capita resources, geological and topography environment, economic, and technology were at the unsafe or dangerous level. The indexes related to urban expansion, level of income, cultivated land quality were at the level of critical safety. The indexes concerning urban management capacity, air quality and water environment were at the good or ideal level. Yunnan’s regional ecological security was not good due to natural obstructive environment itself, simultaneously lower backward economic and social level restricted the ability of ecological security response to manage ragile ecological environment. The results of the composite index were roughly consistent with those of the entropy weight matter-element model. The mean values of the classification index, from high to low, were: the state index > the response index > the pressure index. The state index and the response index had a significant mutual promotion to each other. The regions with good composite index, state index and response index mainly distributed in the central regions of Yunnan Province. Spatial autocorrelation of regional ecological security level in Yunnan was not obvious. Water resources, economic and social development were main obstacle factors of the regional ecological security. When distinguishing with obstacle type, Kunming belonged to natural ecological environment barrier type, while other regions belonged to economic and social barrier type.

In recent years, with rapid economic development, the importance of environmental governance has gradually been overlooked. The increasing pollution caused by rural sewage discharge has posed a significant threat to the local ecological environment. In this context, this paper treats the local governments, village enterprises, and farmers as the game subjects, integrating them with prisoner’s dilemma theory to construct a tripartite game model. By analyzing the equilibrium points and stability of the model, as well as the effects of the parameters in the dynamic equations, this paper reveals the evolution of strategic choices made by different participants. The results indicate that the optimal strategy for local governments is strict regulation, and village enterprises tend to adopt purification measures, while farmers weigh the costs and benefits and exhibit a negative attitude toward participating in governance. Finally, from a practical perspective, this paper offers suggestions for improving rural ecological environmental protection by engaging local governments, village enterprises, and farmers, aiming to promote the sustainable development of the ecological environment.

Nigeria as a nation has suffered a lot when it comes to the availability of electricity. A clear comparison between this nation’s electric power supply and other countries revealed the present incessant electric power supply in the country. The average power per capital (watts per person) in the United States is 1,377 Watts. In Canada, it is as high as 1,704 Watts per person and in South Africa; it is 445 Watts per person. The average power per capital in Australia is 1,112 Watts and in New Zealand it is 1,020 W per person. Whereas, the average power per capital (watts per person) in Nigeria is 14 W person. The power system structure is characterized with a lot of faults and outages. These electric power problem has destroyed the industrial processes in the country. As a result, unemployment has increased in the country. As at February, 2020, according to the Federal Government of Nigeria, the number of unemployed youths in the country is 23 million. Data from the International Transparency in the United State stated that there are 40 million unemployed youths in the country. This has increased crime rates among the youths. The country experience a high level of hardship, insecurity and socio-economic disorder as results. Therefore, there is an urgent need to solve this incessant supply of electric power in the country. Hence, a detail study of Akure132/33kV substation Network of the Benin Electricity Distribution Company under which there are 84,264 customers was carried out.

The article presents an assessment of the level of energy security using the example of the subjects of the Russian Federation located in the territory of the Northwestern Federal District. The approach to the assessment is based on the use of the apparatus for monitoring and indicative analysis of energy security (ES), developed in the ISEM SB RAS. An assessment of the level of ES in the regions is carried out based on modeling the situation with the cessation of operation of the most important facilities of the gas industry, and an analysis of the dynamics, scale and trends in the change in the state of the level of ES when modeling the situation using peak UGS facilities provided for by the General Scheme for the Development of the Gas Industry for the Period up to 2030, for the analyzed subjects of the Russian Federation.

In view of the long-standing problem of unstable demand matching between incoming materials and resource products in the construction waste resource utilization industry, a four-party evolutionary game model including construction waste exporters, construction waste processors, and purchasers is constructed under the background of the Chain Chief System with the guidance of the local government as the dominant player, and the strategic choices of the main parties in the process of construction waste resource utilization are analyzed. The game model is constructed to analyse the strategic choices of each subject in the process of construction waste resource utilization, and through numerical analysis, we explore the influence of local government's regulatory costs, rewards and punishments, and relevant elements of the cooperation and sharing model on the behavioral choices of the resource utilization subjects. The results show that: the amount of environmental protection tax is closely related to the strategy evolution trend of each subject; the high cost of subsidy is not conducive to the continuous supervision of the government, and with the passage of time, the local government will gradually converge to the state of not subsidizing but only punishing; and the clear co-benefit mechanism is conducive to the choice of cooperation and sharing strategy of the exporter and the processor.

With the intensification of environmental pollution and the increasingly prominent problem of industrial harmful gas emissions, existing mainstream gas detection technologies still have obvious limitations in terms of real-time performance, non-contact capability, detection accuracy, and multi-component identification. To address this demand, this paper proposes a lightweight and compact gas detection system based on passive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The system innovatively integrates an improved parallel pendulum mirror interferometer and a low-noise signal preprocessing module, and simultaneously presents a novel oversampling method fusing equal time, equal optical path difference, and digital filtering, which effectively enhances the operational stability and sampling accuracy of the spectrometer. The system features excellent platform adaptability and can be flexibly mounted on various operation carriers. Combined with a two-dimensional rotating platform and an inertial navigation module, its monitoring range and application scenarios can be further expanded. Indoor sensitivity test results show that the detection limit of the system for sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is less than 20 ppm; flight tests under real-world scenarios have successfully achieved accurate detection of SF6 gas, fully verifying the practical application effectiveness of the system. Based on the comprehensive results of indoor and outdoor tests, the system demonstrates core technical advantages of high sensitivity, strong flexibility, and excellent real-time performance. It is expected to be widely applied in gas monitoring tasks across multiple fields such as industrial safety monitoring, ecological environment monitoring, and transportation support in the future.

В статье отмечается, что в России в настоящее время происходит как сокращение, так и измельчение сельских поселений. Усиливаются и деструктивные процессы с низким уровнем технического обеспечения производственных процессов. В результате замедлилось пространственное развитие сельского хозяйства на большинстве сельских территорий, и только в отдельных крупных поселениях ряда регионов с высоким биоклиматическим потенциалом наблюдается концентрация социального, экономического и производственного потенциала. Однако на сельских территориях, где расположены крупные агрохолдинги, происходят сокращение производства продукции малыми формами хозяйствования и уход сельского населения в город. Поэтому предстоит разработать систему организационно-экономических мер, направленных на развитие сельских территорий с целью недопущения исчезновения сельских населённых пунктов в депрессивных районах и развития крупнотоварного сельскохозяйственного производства, способного обеспечить достаточный объем производства сельскохозяйственной и продовольственной продукции, необходимой не только для внутреннего потребления, но и для экспортных поставок, обеспечения продовольственной безопасности. В первую очередь это относится к 15-17 регионам страны с относительно благоприятными природно-экономическими условиями для ведения интенсивного и конкурентоспособного сельского хозяйства, обеспечивающих в основном продовольственную безопасность страны, формирующих ее основные товарные ресурсы сельскохозяйственной и продовольственной продукции для межрегионального обмена и экспорта, особенно постоянно востребованной на мировом агропродовольственном рынке. ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ: Алтухов А.И. Сельские поселения: проблемы и тенденции развития // Исследование проблем экономики и финансов. 2023. № 1. 5. http://doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2023-1-5-1-12

The purpose of the article is to formulate a methodical approach to the evaluation of the endogenous of the united territorial communities in the context of administrative and financial decentralization. An overview of the approaches most commonly used in the scientific literature to interpreting the category of investment potential by grouping them was carry out. It was determined that: 1) is a set of objective prerequisites (opportunities) for carrying out activities; 2) is a combination of resources and production factors necessary for the implementation of activities; 3) is a cumulative opportunity to form internal and attract external resources taking into account the natural, economic and social conditions of a certain territory. According to the author the endogenous of the united territorial community is a set of objective prerequisites (natural, economic and social) and domestic available resources (financial, labor and production) necessary to carry out activities with the aim of achieving sustainable development of the territorial community. Based on a study of existing approaches to the interpretation, evaluation and analysis of the at the macro and meso level (state and regional level), a methodical framework has been developed for assessing the endogenous of the united territorial community in the context of modern reforms. In particular, a system of evaluation indicators has been defined based on the calculation of financial, labor and production resources sub-indices of security. The use of such an integrated approach will allow creating an objective analytical basis for: making informed management decisions on the socio-economic and spatial development of the united territorial community; monitoring of growth factors and factors of destabilization of potential; comparison of attractiveness and the level of security in selected united territorial communities.