Стоматологическая заболеваемость у детей с врожденной расщелиной верхней губы и неба в регионе с экотоксикантами

Children‘s dental caries is one of the most widely spread diseases. The intensity and prevalence of this disease vary in different countries. In places where the prevention programmes have been implemented and with a higher living standards the disease statistic data are lower than in the places with worse living conditions and insufficient attention to dental care. Notwithstanding diverse children‘s oral health improvement programs that have been executed in Lithuania children‘s dental caries has still remained one of the most widely spread diseases. The goal of the paper was to investigate the state of oral hygiene and the prevalence of dental caries among 12-15 year old schoolchildren. 253 pupils aged 12 to 15 years old participated in the research. In the performed clinical research, the prevalence and the intensity of dental caries were evaluated. The results revealed a rather wide prevalence of schoolchildren‘s dental caries. Both the intensity of caries and the prevalence increase in line with increasing age - the prevalence in the group of 15 years old schoolchildren reached up to 96 percent and the intensity of caries – up to 5.9 percent. Caries intensity was significantly subject to gender and residence place of schoolchildren as well. The stronger caries intensity was indicated among boys and schoolchildren living in the countryside. Oral hygiene index was not related with age but significantly subject to gender and residence place. Boys‘ oral hygiene was more poor compared with girls‘ and rural schoolchildren’s’ oral hygiene was worse compared the urban schoolchildren living. The pupils‘ caries intensity significantly depended on oral hygiene index – the worse mouth hygiene the higher caries intensity.

Subject. Despite the successes achieved, the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental diseases in children with cerebral palsy remain difficult tasks. The development of new methods for the prevention of dental diseases in children with cerebral palsy requires constant updating of knowledge and research. Cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy) is one of the most common neurological diseases among children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 2-3% of all newborns suffer from various forms of cerebral palsy. This makes the study of this pathology an important area of medical science. It is known that altered bioelectric activity of the brain can affect the regulation of salivation. A reduced amount of saliva or a change in its composition can contribute to the development of caries, since saliva plays an important role in maintaining the acid-base balance in the mouth and protecting tooth enamel. Objectives. To present an overview of current research on the prevention of dental diseases in children with cerebral palsy. Methodology. Materials for the study were found on the PubMed platform, in the electronic library eLibrary, and MEDLINE databases using keywords: «cerebral palsy», «rehabilitation», «prevention», «diagnosis», «salivary glands». The search depth was 19 years, which corresponds to the time period from 2005 to 2024. During the research process, an independent selection and analysis of scientific publications was carried out, after which they were structured and organized into lists of used literature. Results. The article is a comprehensive consideration of issues related to the prevention of dental diseases in children with cerebral palsy. Conclusion. The importance of further study of this problem is due to the need to develop effective methods of treatment and prevention of dental diseases in children with cerebral palsy.

The relevance of the problem of overweight is beyond doubt. Obesity in children is not only a medical but also a social and psychological problem of our time. Our country is among the European leaders in terms of obesity prevalence. The results of scientific research show that obesity causes many diseases, including dental ones. Dental health depends on oral hygiene, the intensity of dental caries and its complications, the impact of various orthodontic problems, the peculiarities of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues, as well as the presence of concomitant general somatic diseases in the child's body. Dental health often depends on what a person eats. It has been established that obese children who overconsume cakes, sweets, bakery products, and carbohydrate foods have a strong intensity of caries, as well as impaired saliva mineralization, which indicates an extensive activity of the caries process. The frequency of consumption of sugar products directly affects the intensity of caries development. It has been established that dental caries, together with overweight, is a multifactorial disease that affects the health and psychosocial development of a child. In recent decades, it has been determined that obesity plays a significant role in the predisposition to periodontal disease and negatively affects the severity of gingivitis and periodontitis. The adverse effect of obesity on periodontal disease may be due to a state of chronic systemic inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL-6, TNF-α), adipokines (adiponectins and leptins) and other biologically active substances can have a direct impact on the condition of periodontal tissues. Metabolic disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. It has been found that in obesity and metabolic syndrome, the structure of the microbiocenosis of periodontal pockets is characterized by a decrease in the number of saprophytic microflora and a significant contamination with periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Many researchers suggest that overweight patients also suffer from osteoporosis. The problem of osteoporosis is also of interest to paediatric dentists, as it directly affects the bone component of the periodontium. Many studies have shown an inverse correlation between the degree of mineralization and the severity of generalized periodontitis. Therefore, the analysis of scientific papers confirms the presence of significant pathological changes in the oral cavity in overweight children. Interdisciplinary collaboration between paediatricians, endocrinologists and paediatric dentists will allow for a deeper investigation of the common causes and mechanisms of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases in obese children, which will further substantiate an integrated approach to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of major dental diseases. Systematic literature research was carried out in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, MedLine.

Nowadays dental caries and periodontal diseases are among the most pressing problems in Paediatric Dentistry. Young patients with psychoneurological disorders are a special category among children with somatic pathology. At the same time, the issue of providing dental care to such children is underrepresented. Today, traditional schemes used for the prevention and treatment of caries and periodontal disease in children with mental retardation requires further improvement taking into account the clinical status of children with particular forms of mental retardation, including oligophrenia. Thus, the aim of our study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a complex of measures to prevent dental caries in children with oligophrenia.
 To assess the effectiveness of the elaborated preventive complex, 56 children aged 12 years with the diagnosis of oligophrenia of I degree of severity (mild mental backwardness) were under observation during 2 years; 27 children received the complex we developed. The group of comparison included 29 children; caries prevention measures for these children were based on regional protocols (hygienic education, keeping oral hygiene, use of fluoride toothpastes).
 The effectiveness of the developed preventive complex was evaluated 6, 12 and 24 months after the beginning of its implementation according to the following criteria: the growth of dental caries intensity; reduction in the growth of dental caries intensity; level of oral hygiene (OHI-S index); changes in the biocenosis of the oral cavity (in 1 and 6 months of the observation).
 The results of the examination after the 6 month observation period have shown the dental caries intensity in children of the main group is 6.65 ± 0.45 teeth that is 1.02 times lower than in the children of the comparison group (6.79 ± 0.26 teeth, p ˃0.05). Thus, the growth of dental caries intensity in the children of the main group is, on average, 0.41 ± 0.05 tooth, which is significantly lower than in children of the comparison group (0.58 ± 0.06 tooth, p <0.05 ).
 The reduction in the growth of caries intensity in children who received the developed preventive complex was 41.46%. Thus, during two years of the observation, the growth of caries intensity in children of the main group is 1.52 ± 0.08 tooth that is 1.74 times lower than in children of the comparison group (2.64 ± 0.9 tooth, p <0, 05). The reduction in the growth of caries intensity in children who received this preventive complex is, on average, 42.42%.
 The effectiveness of the proposed preventive complex for children with oligophrenia and carious lesions was also evaluated by using the hygienic Green-Vermillion index. According to the data obtained, at the period of inclusion into the study, the children in both groups demonstrated nearly the same indices of the oral hygiene. However, over the period of the study, the indices of the hygiene index between the children of the main group and the comparison group differed significantly. The application of preventive complex in children with oligophrenia resulted in better oral hygiene than in that the children of the comparison group. This can be explained by professional hygiene, quality control of toothbrushing and hygiene education of children and their parents. The effectiveness of the elaborated complex of preventive measures was also evidenced by changes in the oral biocenosis in the children of the main group in 1 and 6 months of the observation. The findings of microbiological studies showed that the microbial spectrum of the oral cavity changed toward the healthier balance in the children of the main group during the observation period: there was gradual decrease in pathogenic microflora and an increase in symbiotic microflora.
 Thus, the analysis of findings obtained over the two year observation period in children with oligophrenia, who received the complex of measures to prevent dental caries prevention has confirmed its effectiveness by reducing the growth of caries intensity, the reduction in the growth of caries intensity, hygiene improvement and normalization of oral microbiocenosis.

The results of a study of the frequency, prevalence, structure, and probable risk factors of congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) in the Volgograd region for 2010–2021 are presented. There were no dynamics of increase or decrease in the birth rate of children with congenital cleft lip and palate. Over the past decade, the birth rate of children with CCHD varied from (1.25 ± 0.35) to (1.72 ± 0.41) per 1000 live births. Risk factors for the formation of CCLP in the form of an infectious disease suffered by the mother in the first trimester of pregnancy and taking drugs have been confirmed.

Dental diseases are one of the most common diseases among other diseases, with caries and its complications leading to cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy in children is defined as a disability from 3 to 5 patients per 1000 births. According to dental examinations, the spreading of caries and its complications in children with cerebral palsy varies from 80% to 85%. Congenital defects of the central nervous system, characterized by an increase and a combination of functional disorders, are indicative. Not only the maxillofacial region is characterized by secondary changes in the morphological structure of bones, but also damage to organs and tissues of the oral cavity. The problem of prevention and treatment of dental diseases in children with cerebral palsy is especially relevant today. It is important to develop special treatment measures for children with this pathology.

Studying of the dental status of the employees of mining and processing works occupied with production and processing of copper-zinc ores is carried out. Objects of a research were 135 workers of Uchalinsky Mining and Processing Integrated Works occupied with production and processing of copper-zinc ores. At workers we have revealed high prevalence of caries of teeth, diseases of fabrics of the parodont and a mucous membrane of an oral cavity. In this regard there was a need of development of methods of treatment and prevention of dental diseases at workers of UGOK. We have created the program of prevention and treatment of dental diseases at employees of mining and processing works. Methods of treatment and prevention can be used for optimization of the existing system of protection of dental health of workers given and other similar enterprises.

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases, and especially more serious in people at risk such as children with cleft lip – palate. Understanding their oral status and the influencing factors will help in preventing tooth decay and improving dental health. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental caries and risk factors in children from 1 to 5 years old with cleft lip and palate. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 children from 1 to 5 years old with cleft lip and palate at the hospitals affiliatated with Odonto-Stomatology faculty, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City. After a child had been examined for dental caries, his or her father/mother was directly interviewed with a questionnaire to investigate factors affecting the condition of dental caries. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of dental caries is 47.1%. The rate of caries in children aged 3-5 years is 3 times higher than that in children aged 1-5 (87.3% and 28.6%, respectively). The percentage of children with caries by geographic region has a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). The highest proportion of dental caries was found in children from the Mekong River Delta (Mekong Delta) (64.2%), the lowest one was those from the South Central Coast (43.5%). The oral hygiene method with gauze after bottle-feeding prevents dental caries 3.3 times better than other methods. Other factors such as cleft form, parents' educational level and socioeconomic status of the family have no effect on children's dental caries. Conclusion: Children from 1 to 5 years old with cleft lip – palate had high prevalence of dental caries. Attention should be paid to bottle feeding time, oral hygiene method and frequency of sugar consumption to prevent dental caries.

Background: Dental caries represents a major public health issue that affects children living in underprivileged rural areas. The relationship between environmental factors such as climate and geographical conditions and oral health outcomes remains poorly documented regarding caries prevalence differences between different zones. The Osh region of Kyrgyzstan with its varied highland and flatland areas creates an ideal environment to study how geography affects pediatric dental health. Knowledge about caries patterns in these populations is essential for developing targeted preventive measures and maximizing resource effectiveness. Objective: The study aimed to compare the prevalence, intensity, and care indices (K/P components) of dental caries among children aged 7, 12, and 15 years in rural highland and flatland schools of Kyrgyzstan’s Osh region. Methods: The research included 218 children who attended either a highland school with 102 students or a flatland school with 116 students. The dental examinations evaluated caries prevalence in both primary and permanent teeth as well as caries intensity through DMFT/dmft indices and the "K" (caries experience) and "P" (preventive/restorative care) components. Results: The prevalence of caries in primary teeth reached alarming levels in both zones (94.87% highland vs. 93.80% flatland). The caries intensity in permanent teeth was high to very high throughout all age groups without any noticeable differences between geographical areas. The two schools showed low "P" scores (indicating insufficient preventive/restorative care) together with elevated "K" scores (indicating substantial untreated caries burden). Conclusion: The high caries burden persisted regardless of geographical location because systemic gaps in oral healthcare access and prevention remained unaddressed. The urgent need requires community-level interventions together with preventive education and equitable dental care infrastructure to tackle this widespread problem in rural Kyrgyzstan.

Asthma is one of the common diseases in the pediatric population in children, the prevalence of asthma in children in the world is 5 – 10 %. According to the literature, the dental caries in children with asthma is 68. 45 – 88. 1%. The development of dental caries in children with asthma is affected by changes, which are in the body of children, as well as long-term drug treatment.Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures in children with asthma.Material and methods. Under our supervision, which lasted for two years, there were 144 12-year-old children suffered from asthma and were treated in the pulmonary allergy department of the children's regional hospital. A set of measures was developed for the prevention of dental caries for children with I-II and III-IV severity of asthma. Assessment of the effectiveness of the complex of preventive measures was carried out after 6, 12, 24 months according to the following criteria: caries intensity (DMF), reduction of the increase in the dental caries intensity, enamel resistance by TER.Results. The improvement of the following indicators was found for 2 years of our observation: decrease in the increase of caries intensity in children with III-IV compared with I-II severity of asthma; improving of oral hygiene (according to the Green-Vermillion index); increase of enamel resistance by TER test. The reduction of the increase in caries intensity in children with asthma constitutes 46.94% in children with I-II and 51.02% with III-IV severity of asthma.Conclusions. The analysis of the results of the children’s examination for two years of application of the developed set of measures for dental caries prevention shows that the implemented measures are effective for use in children depending on the severity of asthma.

We report results of clinical application of the new computer-laser system. The system includes hardware and software means, which are applied for new efficient methods of prevention and treatment of main dental diseases. The hardware includes a laser physiotherapeutic device (LPD) `Optodan' and a fiberoptic laser delivery system with special endodontic rigging. The semiconductor AG-AL-AG laser diode with wavelengths in the spectral range of 850 - 950 nm (produced by Scientific-Industrial Concern `Reflector') is used as a basic unit. The LPD `Optodan' and methods of treatment are covered by Russian patent No 2014107 and certified by the Russian Ministry of Health. The automated computer system allows us to examine patients quickly and to input differential diagnosis, to determine indications (and contraindications), parameters and regimen of laser therapy, to control treatment efficacy (for carious -- through clinical indexes of enamel solubles, velocity of demineralization and other tests; for periodontal diseases trough complex of the periodontal indexes with automated registry and calculation). We present last results of application of the new technique and methods in treatment of dental diseases in Russian clinics.

Aim. Assessment of the dental status of patients with mental disorders.
 Methods. Examination of 220 mentally ill and 208 practically healthy individuals was carried out using DCF (decay/missing/filled) and CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) indices to determine the prevalence and intensity of caries, periodontal disease, and to identify the need for complex dental care. The group were comparable by the age: 35.2±0.39 и 34.3±0.40 years (р=0.115). The functional state of the salivary glands and mouth fluid was studied. Psychoemotional status was determined before starting the treatment by the clinical psychological method using Spielberger-Khanin scale of reactive and personal anxiety levels.
 Results. In the study group, the number of patients in whom various forms of caries were detected was 100%, while in the group of mentally healthy subjects the number of such patients was 91.8±1.90% (p=0.001). Due to the high values of intensity of carious disease, especially in terms of the number of teeth extracted, the need of the mentally ill for dentures was recorded to be quite high. The highest intensity of the dental calculi and deep pathological periodontal pockets was found in the study group. Peaks of reduced salivation were more commonly diagnosed in patients with mental illness. Assessing the frequency of occurrence of dentoalveolar anomalies, deep bite and progeny in both groups had the highest ratio relative to other types of anomalies but in the study group, the frequency of cross bite was higher (p=0.015). The rate of reactive anxiety in the course of dental interventions in the study group was 50.1±0.72% versus 31.6±0.57 in the control group (p

Due to the military conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic, Ukraine and the city of Poltava are facing challenges in medical services, including dentistry. Analyzing the dynamics of caries treatment in children in Poltava before and during the war is crucial for assessing the impact of wartime on the municipal dental care system. The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics of caries treatment in children based on annual reports from the Municipal Pediatric Clinical Dental Polyclinic before and during the wartime. A retrospective analysis of the statistical reporting of the Municipal Pediatric Clinical Dental Polyclinic for the years 2002, 2012, and 2018-2022 was conducted. During the analysis, annual indicators of the Polyclinic were studied, including the total number of visits, number of primary visits, number of treated teeth due to caries and its complications in temporary and permanent teeth. Calculations included the average number of visits per person, the proportion of complicated caries in temporary and permanent teeth, and the quality indicator of complicated caries treatment. The study revealed a 51.43% decrease in clinic visits over the last 20 years. In 2022, there was a sharp increase in primary visits to 24,655, possibly due to internally displaced children. The number of filled permanent teeth increased by 25% in 2022 compared to 2021. The proportion of complicated caries in temporary teeth significantly rose from 0.23 to 0.84 from 2002 to 2022. Additionally, there was a 25% increase in the absolute values of the quality indicator of complicated caries treatment in temporary teeth from 2002 to 2012 and a 12% increase up to 2022, indicating a rise in the number of cases of treating complicated caries in temporary teeth by extraction. These findings highlight the need for further research on the war's impact on the prevalence of caries and its complications in the pediatric population. This research is crucial for developing effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases.

Objective(s): To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease and its correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and alpha amylase levels in subpopulation of North Karnataka region of India. Materials and Methods: About 180 subjects (16–55 years) were selected for the study and were divided into two groups (n = 90). Group 1: No history of COVID 19 disease and group 2: history of recovered COVID 19 disease. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n=30) A: no dental caries and periodontal disease, B: dental caries and C: periodontal disease. Dental caries and periodontal disease were assessed using the decay, missing, filled, treatment (DMFT) index and Community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment (LA). About 5ml of collected unstimulated saliva samples were centrifuged, and the supernatants were subjected to 2,2′ azino bis [3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid] (ABTS) assay for salivary TAC levels and 3,5 dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) for SAA levels and absorbance were recorded under visible spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test, one way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey and unpaired t tests (p< 0.05). Results: COVID 19 recovered subjects showed higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease with decreased salivary TAC and increased SAA levels. Conclusion(s): Higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease with lower levels of salivary TAC levels and increased SAA levels suggesting higher stress levels were found in COVID 19 recovered individuals.

Background:The presence of oral symptoms and signs in many systemic diseases is not uncommon knowledge. Investigations that explore the relationship between systemic diseases and their oral manifestations are of particular interest to dentists, as this enables them to be better clinicians with an acumen to recognize, treat, or refer patients with the systemic disease to general physicians. This study was undertaken to understand the oral manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with an emphasis on oral mucosal lesions, dental caries, and periodontitis.Methods:A single institutional cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2017 to July 2018 on a sample of 500 SLE patients attending the Institute of Rheumatology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. The dentition status, periodontal status, and oral mucosal lesions were assessed by a single trained and calibrated examiner using the World Health Organization (WHO) proforma, 2013. Besides, disease activity in SLE patients was assessed by rheumatologists using the SLEDAI index with a cutoff score of more than 4 indicating the presence of active disease. Demographic characteristics including age, gender, occupation, monthly income, and education status were assessed using a questionnaire. Data were entered into an Excel Sheet and all statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results:In the present study, the prevalence of dental caries was found to be 87.6% in patients with SLE. The prevalence of severe periodontitis defined as the presence of at least one tooth with a 6 mm or deeper pocket was found to be 85% and the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found to be 86%. The prevalence percentage for dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral mucosal lesions were found to be higher than the rates reported for the general population in India. Patients with active SLE had a higher prevalence of dental caries, periodontitis, and oral mucosal lesions than patients with inactive SLE.Conclusion:It can be concluded from the present study that SLE patients are more vulnerable to oral diseases than the general population. Furthermore, disease activity in SLE patients has a strong positive correlation with oral health status in SLE patients.