Результаты исследования взаимосвязи количества единиц подвижного состава пассажирского автомобильного транспорта и валовых региональных продуктов

How does road passenger transport industry survice and breakthrough in limited development space, this has become a major issue in the field of transportation in recent years.In this paper, the effect and difficult of actual cases such as the combining road transport with tourism in the current development process of road transport are summarized. It is pointed out that the focus of passenger transport transformation is to closely combine the requirements of industrial transformation and upgrading and promote the deep integration of information technology with industrial management and services.Finally, corresponding suggestions are put forward for the innovative development of road passenger transport transformation.

Research performed to assess the effectiveness of a flashing warning-light system for use at work-zone lane closures is summarized. The system is composed of a series of interconnected, synchronized flashing warning lights that produce the illusion of motion. Researchers investigated motorist understanding and perceived usefulness of various designs of the warning-light system, and the potential of this system to yield significant operational or safety benefits in actual work-zone applications. Results from proving ground and field studies show that the flashing warning-light system used in the work-zone lane closure is perceived positively and is not confusing to the motoring public. The field-study results also revealed that the prototype warning-light system may encourage motorists to vacate a closed travel lane farther upstream from the work zone (which is believed to offer a potential safety benefit). When the warning-light system was activated at the urban freeway test site, a relatively new closure, there was a one-fourth reduction in the number of passenger vehicles and a two-thirds reduction in the number of trucks in the closed lane 305 m (1,000 ft) upstream of the lane closure. However, the system did not significantly affect lane choice at the rural road test site where the lane closure had been installed for 6 months. Thus, the greatest potential safety benefit of the warning-light system may be when it is used in conjunction with short-duration or intermediate-term maintenance or construction projects.

This research includes the analysis of key impacts on environmental improvements, which are engaged in road transport of cargo or passengers. The basic assumption of this paper is that the level of fulfilment of environmental standards (measured by decreasing emissions of harmful gasses) is largely conditioned by the external influences, such as business strategy, performance or logistics management activities. The main goal of this paper is to theoretically identify key impact in the case of transport companies when it comes to potential for improvements of environmental indicators. Improvements for the living environment can be caused by fleet renewal, tighter vehicle lifecycle management and via different government regulations. Key findings suggest that the fact whether a road transport company does business internationally. Future research involves extending this sample of road transport companies to all Balkan countries, who are members of the EU or are candidate countries. Additionally, future research should be including additional environmental indicators that are not conventionally measured during vehicle inspections.

It is estimated that 10% to 20% of road accidents are related to fatigue, with accidents caused by drowsiness up to twice as deadly as those caused by other factors. In order to reduce these numbers, strategies such as advertising campaigns, the implementation of driving recorders in vehicles used for road transport of goods and passengers, or the use of drowsiness detection systems in cars have been implemented. Within the scope of the latter area, the technologies used are diverse. They can be based on the measurement of signals such as steering wheel movement, vehicle position on the road, or driver monitoring. Driver monitoring is a technology that has been exploited little so far and can be implemented in many different approaches. This work addresses the evaluation of a multidimensional drowsiness index based on the recording of facial expressions, gaze direction, and head position and studies the feasibility of its implementation in a low-cost electronic package. Specifically, the aim is to determine the driver's state by monitoring their facial expressions, such as the frequency of blinking, yawning, eye-opening, gaze direction, and head position. For this purpose, an algorithm capable of detecting drowsiness has been developed. Two approaches are compared: Facial recognition based on Haar features and facial recognition based on Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The implementation has been carried out on a Raspberry Pi, a low-cost device that allows the creation of a prototype that can detect drowsiness and interact with peripherals such as cameras or speakers. The results show that the proposed multi-index methodology performs better in detecting drowsiness than algorithms based on one-index detection.

This paper presents a new vehicle classification and develops a traffic monitoring detector to provide reliable vehicle classification to aid traffic management systems. The basic principle of this approach is based on measuring the dynamic strain caused by vehicles across pavement to obtain the corresponding vehicle parameters – wheelbase and number of axles – to then accurately classify the vehicle. A system prototype with five embedded strain sensors was developed to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the classification method. According to the special arrangement of the sensors and the different time a vehicle arrived at the sensors one can estimate the vehicle's speed accurately, corresponding to the estimated vehicle wheelbase and number of axles. Because of measurement errors and vehicle characteristics, there is a lot of overlap between vehicle wheelbase patterns. Therefore, directly setting up a fixed threshold for vehicle classification often leads to low-accuracy results. Using the machine learning pattern recognition method to deal with this problem is believed as one of the most effective tools. In this study, support vector machines (SVMs) were used to integrate the classification features extracted from the strain sensors to automatically classify vehicles into five types, ranging from small vehicles to combination trucks, along the lines of the Federal Highway Administration vehicle classification guide. Test bench and field experiments will be introduced in this paper. Two support vector machines classification algorithms (one-against-all, one-against-one) are used to classify single sensor data and multiple sensor combination data. Comparison of the two classification method results shows that the classification accuracy is very close using single data or multiple data. Our results indicate that using multiclass SVM-based fusion multiple sensor data significantly improves the results of a single sensor data, which is trained on the whole multisensor data set.

CHAPTER 16 - Public Utilities and Transport

Road passenger transportation safety is related to drivers, vehicles, roads and environment. Evaluating the safety performance of the vehicle before departure can effectively reduce traffic accidents. The evaluation indicators are constructed according to the influencing factors in traffic accidents. The fuzzy-level evaluation method is used to construct an evaluation model. The subjective scoring method of experts is used to determine the basic weights of various evaluation indicators. The entropy method is used to correct the subjective weights. The combination of expert scoring and entropy method can effectively realize the safety evaluation of transportation vehicles and contribute to reducing traffic accidents.

The issues of the transport system development and the population mobility are becoming most relevant in the regions of Arctic and Far East Russia. The article is devoted to the study and mapping of the population transport mobility of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Thematic maps were compiled: “Automobile and air transport network of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)”, “Intra-municipal aviation mobility of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2020”, “Intra-municipal transport mobility by road of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2020” presenting the regional transport system spatial differentiation of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) according to these indicators. We distinguished the territorial unevenness of the transport and logistics infrastructure due to the lack of year-round communications in many areas. As a result, there is a spatial contrast in the distribution of population mobility indicators. As a result of the analysis of indicators of intra-municipal aviation and transport mobility by road transport of the population in 2020, a grouping of regions of the Yakutia was made. The highest value indicators of transport mobility by road are charactered in Yakutsk, Aldan, Neryungri and Ust-Aldan municipals; in many Arctic regions, land transport mobility is at a low level. At the same time, the mobility indicator is affected by the motorization of the population and the development of transport services carried out by individual entrepreneurs and private individuals. A relatively high level of aviation mobility is inherent in the Arctic regions (Oleneksky, Bulunsky and Srednekolymsky), this is mainly due to the presence of subsidized flights on socially significant air routes. In comparison with the average indicators for Russia, there is a low aviation mobility, the level of which on local routes is 3 times lower than in Russia. in transport mobility of the inhabitants of Yakutia. The low level of development of local air and road passenger transportation is a consequence of the high cost of transportation in comparison with the income level of the population, which hinders the increase in transport mobility.

The possibility of the modal shift to public transport and active mobility while considering transport electrification and fuel efficiency improvement has yet to be adequately investigated. This paper explores transition pathways toward an environmentally sustainable road passenger transportation system in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. MESSAGE, as a bottom-up energy systems optimization model, is used to find the cost-optimal fuel and technology mix in the transport and power sector. Multiple scenarios mainly assess the influence of modal shift and electric vehicle (EV) diffusion on greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Besides, the effects of scenarios on the power sector configuration are examined. The results show that BC would not achieve the 80% emissions reduction target in the Climate Change Accountability Act unless by a radical expansion of transport electrification. The target could be met by a minimum diffusion of 70% EVs in the total car stock as well as 35% public transport contribution in total passenger kilometers. The findings also indicate that fully electrified light-duty vehicles coupled with active transport would lead to almost a zero-emission level. Nevertheless, 100% electrification would impose an extra 5.6 TWh burden on the power supply system relative to the business-as-usual scenario.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Spanish Non-Financial Information (NFI) regulation on the processes driving sustainability reporting (SR) in becoming a social norm in Spain. The focus is placed specifically on the road passenger transport sector. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a qualitative approach by combining various data sources, primarily interviews and documents. Findings The research indicates that the number of reporting companies from the Spanish road passenger transport sector has increased over time, primarily due to the coercive pressure exerted by the Spanish NFI regulation. However, the authors have found that this regulation does not conform to the prevailing practices and standards. Moreover, the socio-political context surrounding the law’s launch hindered its effectiveness as an instrument of change in the SR activity. Consequently, the Spanish NFI regulation has not become a socially accepted norm in Spain, particularly among road passenger transport companies. Originality/value This paper makes several important contributions to the existing literature. Firstly, it explores how socio-political, cultural and historical factors impact SR activities. Secondly, it uses the concept of normativity, as developed by Bebbington et al. (2012), to provide deeper theoretical insights into the dynamic processes involved in the institutionalisation of SR within a specific field.

Efficiency evaluation is a crucial tool for assessing transportation performance, providing valuable insights for policymakers by examining the outcomes of transportation systems relative to the resources used. This study leverages the experiences of European countries to compare and enhance the efficiency of rail and road passenger transport in Turkey. It evaluates the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of rail and road from 2013 to 2022 and ranks the efficient Decision Making Units (DMU). Both radial and non-radial Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods, while techniques data analysis MAXDEA ULTRA is applied to examine slacks, listing peer, benchmark projection, and strong efficiency projection. The findings indicate that Turkey is more adept than many European countries at converting its transport indicators into useful outputs. Turkey's road passenger performance demonstrates high efficiency, while its rail passenger performance is found to be inefficient generally outperforming European benchmarks.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a implantação de um modelo de referência para o projeto e desenvolvimento de serviços em uma empresa de transporte rodoviário de passageiros. O intuito principal é minimizar três problemas relativos ao processo de desenvolvimento de serviços, pela ausência de: uma abordagem sistemática; documentos e registros que assegurem o controle do histórico de criação e melhorias para os serviços; testes documentados para verificação e validação do serviço desenvolvido. O modelo de referência foi escolhido por meio da análise de variância multivariada (Manova) e a pesquisa empregou a estratégia da pesquisa-ação. O objeto de estudo foi o desenvolvimento de um serviço de bilhetagem eletrônica para uma empresa de transporte rodoviário. A pesquisa proporcionou recomendações para o aperfeiçoamento do modelo de referência e para a implantação de um processo sistemático de desenvolvimento de serviços para a empresa.

A Survey of Competitiveness in the Passenger Road Transport Sector in Nairobi-Kenya

This article presents the determination of the weights of socio-economic factors affecting the volume of passenger transport on individual railway lines located in the Łodź region. Passenger transport on these lines is operated by the carrier Łodź Agglomeration Railway. The transport data containing the number of transported passengers and the transport work done in 2017 were used for the analysis. A partial correlation coefficient was used to obtain values of weights of the analyzed factors. During the calculation of correlation coefficients, transport gauges were used as explanatory variables (dependent variables). The socio-economic factors influencing the volume of rail passenger transport on individual lines were taken into account. To calculate the partial correlation coefficient, a correlation matrix, containing interrelations between all analyzed variables, was used. During calculating the weights of particular factors affecting the volume of rail passenger transport on individual lines located in the Łodź region for each socio-economic factor, the absolute value of partial correlation coefficients was summed for the number of trains and the number of transported passengers. Then the summed value was divided by the number of analyzed gauges describing the volume of transport. It allowed to determine the weights of individual factors affecting the volume of passenger transport on railway lines in the Łodź region. The obtained weights can be used in the future during the multi-criteria analysis of railway lines in the Łodź region. These weights allow to avoid the subjective assessments of experts, that have been often used in previous analyzes.

Problem. To solve the problems of rational organization of work of urban passenger transport on the routes and determine the modes of vehicles work and labor of drivers of motor transport enterprises when carrying out transportation of the city population. It is necessary to know all the input conditions for creating traffic schedules on the route. One of the main parameters is the existing traffic volumes on a certain public transport route. In order to improve the management of transportation on the routes of urban passenger transport, various approaches to their survey were considered, the problem of studying traffic volumes for further drawing up traffic schedules was identified. In this article, the task was to analyze the work of a separate route and passenger traffic on it. Goal. The goal is studying passenger traffic on a separate public transport route, studying the regularities of traffic volumes and their dependence on operating time. Methodology. When fulfilling the task, the procedure by which the input data is processed is given. Having examined the known methods and principles of applying certain groups of methods to solve various types of problems, to solve the problem of organizing work on the route, namely, to distribute changes in the operation of vehicles for the transportation of passengers, we opted for a readable tabular method of examining passenger traffic. Thus, an incoming sequence of values was obtained, which we presented as time series levels. An analysis of incoming time series was carried out, their modeling using an adaptive algorithmic method. Results. A method of using computer mathematics systems for modeling and predicting input time series was developed, during which the solution process was programmed and the results of adaptive algorithmic modeling of passenger traffic dependencies on time were obtained, which can be used to build schedules for the movement of vehicles during passenger transportation by public transport. Originality. Passenger traffic on a separate route was investigated, the methodology of this study was presented, all components of the time series were taken into account and modeled. The graphic representation was provided. This article has developed programs for performing modeling and forecasting using adaptive algorithmic models. Practical value. This provides an opportunity to investigate the passenger traffic of any passenger transport route, carrying out transportation, sequences of volume whose values have similar components of the time series. The result of these studies is building a model and obtaining forecast values, which plays a large role in management of road passenger transport.