СПЕЦИФИКА И МЕТОДЫ МОТИВИРОВАНИЯ ОСУЖДЕННЫХ, ЗАВИСИМЫХ ОТ АЛКОГОЛЯ, К УЧАСТИЮ В ЛЕЧЕБНО-РЕАБИЛИТАЦИОННЫХ ПРОГРАММАХ

This article published in Gruppe Interaktion Organisation (GIO) reports study results on soft skills and mental work ability in young professionals ready to enter the job market. The so-called soft skills (psychological capacities) are nowadays an entrance ticket into the modern working world. Thus, the question is to which degree young professionals who will soon enter the labor market are fit in their soft skills. Are physical or mental health problems related with deficits in soft skills? Which dimensions of soft skills are impaired?365 young professionals in advanced education from a technical college, who will soon enter the labor market, were investigated via online-questionnaire. Participants were asked to rate their self-perceived capacity level according to Mini-ICF-APP, mental and physical health problems, exam and education-related anxiety, self-efficacy and procrastination.Students with mental health problems had higher exam anxiety, and lower study-related self-efficacy as compared to students without health problems at all, or students with physical health problems. But, procrastination behavior was similarly present among students with mental health problems and students with physical health problems. Students with health problems did not report globally weaker capacity levels. Lower levels of capacities depend on the type of health problem: In students with mental health problems, social soft skills were impaired rather than content-related capacities. Physical health problems do not affect the self-perceived psychological capacities.In conclusion, focusing on specific soft skills in training and work adjustment could be fruitful in addition (or as an alternative) to training of profession-specific expertise.

The kappa-opioid system (KOP) is the key in drug abuse. Of all the compounds isolated from <i>Salvia divinorum</i> (<i>S. divinorum</i>), salvinorin-A (Sal-A) is predominant. Further, Sal-A is the only compound within <i>S. divinorum</i> which is reported to have psychoactive properties as a powerful kappa-opioid receptor (KOPr) agonist. Based on the key role of the KOP system in the consumption of drugs, <i>S. divinorum</i> extract (SDE) and Sal-A may modify the alcohol intake in Wistar rats. Assessing voluntary alcohol intake as a drug consummatory behavior, food intake as natural reward behavior and tonic immobility as indicative of anxiety-like behavior, the present study sought to identify the role of both SDE and Sal-A in the Wistar rat model. Forty-eight adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, alcohol naive and vehicle, alcohol-naive and SDE, alcohol-naive and Sal-A, alcohol-consumption and vehicle, alcohol-consumption and SDE, and alcohol-consumption and Sal-A. Alcohol and food intake were assessed for two weeks. In the middle of these two weeks, vehicle, SDE (containing ~1 mg/kg of Sal-A) or Sal-A was injected intraperitoneally once a day for a week. Tonic immobility testing was performed once. The administration of SDE produced a significant increase in voluntary alcohol intake especially in rats with a history of forced alcohol consumption from a juvenile age, Sal-A elicited an increase in alcohol intake in animals with or without previous alcohol exposure, SDE and Sal-A prolonged the tonic immobility duration and decreased food intake. In conclusion, <i>S. divinorum</i> or Sal-A stimulated alcohol consumption in rats with a history of alcohol intake and independent of previous exposure respectively, also SDE or Sal-A elicited an anorexigenic effect, and increased tonic immobility as indicative of anxious-like behavior.

Safer Community provides a centralised reporting service for La Trobe University students and staff to report “concerning, threatening, inappropriate or uncomfortable behaviour” they may have witnessed or experienced at the university. Safer Community utilises a systems-based approach to explore all areas of an individual’s university experience to mitigate risk, increase psychological and physical safety, and decrease unwelcome behaviour on campus. Whilst navigating Victorian state statutes and governing legislation, Safer Community applies risk management and de-escalation strategies to promote the safety of all on campus. This includes targeted education and resources directed to high-risk cohorts, such as students living in on-campus accommodation and international students. It also involves supporting staff to manage problematic behaviours, both online and in the classroom, and empowering them to understand, recognise, and respond to distressing behaviours. When reporting to Safer Community, individuals share their experiences in a trauma-informed and confidential environment where the team collaboratively mitigates risk, conducts safety planning, and empowers students to participate in the response. Respondents to the concerns are offered natural justice and encouraged to engage with the investigative process. Individuals with complex psychosocial needs are offered a multidisciplinary approach, with referrals made within the Health, Wellbeing and Inclusion division or to external stakeholders such as the police. This proactive approach to early prevention is informed by data collected by Safer Community to allow for a university-wide response. This paper describes the significance of adopting a circular, holistic, multi-divisional, collaborative approach aimed at fostering the wellbeing of the university community, encompassing both physical and psychological safety. This paper also explores effective strategies to achieve this through the presentation of a case example and service model. --- <p xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><span property="dct:title">A multi-divisional collaborative approach to student safety and behavioural management: Safer community</span> by <span property="cc:attributionName">Talia Vescio, Courtney Walshe, Aleece Brady, & Rachel Blance-Palmer</span> is licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1" target="_blank" rel="license noopener noreferrer" style="display:inline-block;">CC BY 4.0<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;" src="https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/icons/cc.svg?ref=chooser-v1"><img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;" src="https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/icons/by.svg?ref=chooser-v1"></a>

The relation between alcoholic beverage consumption and risk of breast cancer was examined. We used data from a population-based, case-control study that included almost all incident cases occurring in five Spanish regions from February 1990 to July 1991. A total of 762 women between 18 and 75 years of age, with a histologically confirmed, first diagnosis of breast cancer, were compared with 988 control women. Alcoholic beverage intake was measured by an interviewer-administered, semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. We used 'nondrinkers' as the reference category and divided the remainder into four categories according to alcohol intake. The multiple logistic analyses included not only alcohol intake but also possible confounding factors such as total caloric intake, age, socioeconomic status, and reproductive and medical histories. Even at moderate levels of alcohol intake (less than 8 g/day), a 50 percent increase in risk of breast cancer was found. The trend across categories of intake was statistically significant for wine and distilled drinks, as well as total alcohol intake. Consumption of 20 g or more of alcohol per day was associated with a 70 percent elevation in breast cancer risk compared with that of nondrinkers (adjusted relative risk (RR) = 1.7, 95 percent confidence interval = 1.3-2.3). Although the magnitude of the RR observed in our study was modest, our findings provide further support for a positive association between alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer.

The present study aimed to assess the health problems of the workers in selected steel industries in Kozhikode district. The objectives of the study were to assess the physical and psychological health problems of workers of steel industry, identify the personal protective measures used by workers in steel industry, nd out the association between physical health problems and psychological problems with selected demographic variables and to develop a need-based information booklet on importance of use of personal protective measures among steel industry workers. A non-experimental descriptive survey design was adopted for the study, employing 300 workers from selected private and public sector steel industries. The tools used were a semi structured interview schedule to assess the physical health problems, modied standardized general health questionnaire and standardized perceived stress scale to assess the psychological health problems and a practice proforma to assess the usage of personal protective measures. The result revealed that majority of the workers experienced physical problems such as breathing difculty (43.82%), heart burns (39.71%), skin ulcers (21.32%), joint pain (72.3%). 76% of workers had accidents during their working time. Psychological problems experienced were moderate level of anxiety (29.7%), moderate level of depression (29.90%) and moderate level of stress (47.10%). 75.4% of workers had poor usage of the personal protective measures during the working hours. Based on the above ndings a need-based information booklet on importance of use of personal protective measures was prepared and distributed among workers.

Youth engaging in delinquent behavior experience a range of mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms, self-harm) and physical health (e.g., injuries, oral health, illness) problems, as well as health risk behaviors (e.g., substance misuse and abuse, risky sexual behaviors). These youth engaging in delinquent behavior may also be exposed to social problems (e.g., homelessness) that impact negatively on their health. The content of the current chapter is framed by a public health perspective. In this chapter, the mental and physical health problems and health risk behaviors experienced by Australian youth engaging in delinquent behavior in the general population, the youth justice population, and homeless youth (commonly required to engage in delinquent behaviors as a result of their personal circumstances) are described. Finally, the current chapter summarizes approaches and policies to prevent mental and physical health problems, health risk behaviors, and the exposure to social problems of youth engaging in delinquent behavior in Australia.

Environmental factors as disease accelerators during chronic hepatitis C

To compare children with mental and physical health problems regarding (1) perceived disease severity; (2) the impact of their condition on their families; (3) their utilization of health care services (including satisfaction with care); and (4) parents' health literacy about their child's condition and its treatment. Furthermore, we examined whether parents' health literacy differs between types of mental health condition. Parental reports about their 9- to 14-year-old children with mental (n=785) or physical health problems (n=475) were analyzed from the population-based National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs in Switzerland. Mental health problems were perceived as being more severe (p<0.001) and exerting a larger impact upon the family (e.g., financial impact) than physical health problems. Furthermore, fewer parents of children with a mental health problem mentioned having a particular person or place to contact if they needed information or advice regarding the child's condition (p=0.004) and were satisfied with the health care services their child received (p<0.001). The odds of low health literacy was higher among parents with children suffering from mental health problems vs. parents of children with physical health problems (OR in the adjusted model=1.92; 95% CI 1.47-2.50; p<0.001); this finding held generally for mental health problem (although only a trend was observable for internalizing problems). The large impact of children's mental health conditions on themselves and their families might be reduced by adapting the provision of health care and by increasing parents' health literacy.

Introduction. The article discusses the importance of achievement motivation and motivation to avoid failure in alcohol-dependent inmates for their decision to participate in treatment and rehabilitation programmes. Assuming that a person has motives directly related to his practical activities – achievement motivation and motivation to avoid failure, which plays a great role in making any decisions, in particular, in relation to our study – it is the rehabilitation course completion in order to abstain from alcohol. The purpose of the research: to study the features of value orientations, level of development of achievement motivation and motivation to avoid failure in convicts who have undergone rehabilitation measures for complete withdrawal from alcohol consumption, and convicts who have not undergone such rehabilitation. Research hypothesis. We assumed that the intensity of achievement motivation is related to willingness to participate in treatment. Research methods. The analysis of the psychological literature in order to define the concepts of “motivation”, “achievement motivation”, and “motivation to avoid failure” was conducted. The level of development of achievement motivation and motivation to avoid failure in the groups of convicts who agreed to participate in the rehabilitation programme and refused it was revealed. The research was based on general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction; methods of empirical research, which included psychodiagnostic techniques - “Diagnosis of achievement motivation” by T. Ehlers, “Diagnosis of failure avoidance motivation” by T. Ehlers, statistical method - Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric H-test. Research results. A statistically significant difference in failure avoidance motivation (p = 0.03238 at p &lt; 0.05) was found between the groups of inmates who agreed and did not agree to participate in rehabilitation programmes. The results of the conducted research allow us to state that inmates who agreed to participate in rehabilitation programmes have a statistically higher average level of expression of failure avoidance motivation compared to inmates who refused to participate in rehabilitation activities. This data allows to conclude that there is a direct relationship between the expression of failure avoidance motivation and the probability of obtaining consent from inmates with alcohol dependence to participate in rehabilitation programmes.

Psychotic symptoms predict health outcomes even after adjusting for substance use, smoking and co-occurring psychiatric disorders: findings from the NCS-R and NLAAS.

BackgroundMental and physical health problems among the farming community are well documented but there is limited evidence regarding the overall health status of this population. This paper offers a unique insight into this issue through presenting the findings from a survey instrument, the EQ-5D-3L, which provides a standardised measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL).MethodsWe conducted the largest ever survey (n = 15,296) of people living and working in agriculture in England and Wales to gather baseline data on health and wellbeing within this community. The survey included an assessment of HRQOL through the use of the EQ-5D-3L self-report questionnaire. A variety of statistical approaches were used to test for significant associations between HRQOL and sub-group characteristics, including the Chi-square test for independence, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. Binary logistic regression models were also created to assess the influence of a set of respondent characteristics on the likelihood of respondents reporting health problems in the EQ-5D-3L.Results24% of respondents reported problems with mobility; 4% reported problems with self-care; 21% reported problems with performing their usual activities; 52% reported problems with pain/discomfort; and 31% reported problems with anxiety/depression. The mean EQ-5D index value was 0.811 (median (Md) 0.796, interquartile range (IQR) 0.275). The mean self-rated health score (EQ-VAS) was 77.6 (SD 16.1) (Md 80.0, IQR 20). In general, holding other respondent characteristics equal, women reported fewer problems with mobility, self-care, performing usual activities and pain/discomfort than men, but more problems with anxiety/depression. HRQOL in the working-aged appears to be poorer among the survey population than the wider UK population.ConclusionsResults reveal concerning levels of physical and mental health problems, especially pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, which appear to be more prevalent within our sample than within the wider UK population. There were important gender and age-related differences in both mental and physical health. Combatting these problems through targeted support is essential for the wellbeing of the farming community and the future sustainability of UK food production.

This study examined how chronic experiences of peer victimization throughout childhood relate to mental and physical health outcomes in adolescence. Children were tested in a laboratory playroom at the age of 5 years. They completed questionnaires at time 2, between the ages of 10 and 18 years, and a telephone interview at time 3, between the ages of 12 and 20 years. A total of 70 youth participated at all three time periods. Chronic victims were defined as having high levels of peer victimization at all three time points. Youth who were chronically victimized reported experiencing significantly more mental and physical health problems than youth categorized as desisters or nonvictims. Also, for girls only, chronic victims reported more specific health problems (headaches, sleep problems) than did nonchronic victims. The present findings may assist health professionals in assessing and treating physical and mental health problems that appear to be related to peer victimization.

The Exacerbation of Burnout During COVID-19: A Major Concern for Nurse Safety

People experiencing homelessness are often excluded from treatment programs for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The goal of this study was to describe the impact of a multidisciplinary treatment program on alcohol consumption and social reintegration in individuals with AUD experiencing homelessness. Thirty-one individuals with AUD experiencing homelessness were admitted to an inpatient unit for 5-6days for clinical evaluation and to treat potential alcohol withdrawal syndrome. A group of volunteers, in collaboration with the Community of Sant'Egidio, provided social support aimed to reintegrate patients. After inpatient discharge, all patients were followed as outpatients. Alcohol intake (number drinks/day), craving and clinical evaluation were assessed at each outpatient visit. Biological markers of alcohol use were evaluated at enrollment (T0), at 6months (T1) and 12months (T2). Compared with T0, patients at T1 showed a significant reduction in alcohol consumption [10 (3-24) vs 2 (0-10); P=0.015] and in γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase [187 (78-365) vs 98 (74-254); P=0.0021]. The reduction in alcohol intake was more pronounced in patients with any housing condition [10 (3-20) vs 1 (0-8); P=0.008]. Similarly, compared with T0, patients at T2 showed significant reduction in alcohol consumption [10 (3-24) vs 0 (0-15); P=0.001], more pronounced in patients with any housing condition [10 (3-20) vs 0 (0-2); P=0.006]. Moreover, at T2 patients showed a significant reduction in γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase [187 (78-365) vs 97 (74-189); P=0.002] and in mean cell volume [100.2 (95-103.6) vs 98.3 (95-102); P=0.042]. Patients experiencing homelessness may benefit from a multidisciplinary treatment program for AUD. Strategies able to facilitate and support their social reintegration and housing can improve treatment outcomes.

- Methadone, a synthetic opioid agonist, is commonly used for the treatment of heroin dependence. Depending on how alcohol addiction is defined, rates of alcoholism vary among those attending methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programmes. Most of the current literature has shown that alcohol consumption increases during medium- or long-term MMT. However, up to now, no data have been reported on changes in alcohol intake among a population of heroin addicts with no alcohol-dependence diagnosis after short-term methadone administration. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate alcohol consumption changes in a population of non-alcoholic heroin addicts during the first 4 weeks of a treatment programme (TP). The TP consisted of either MMT or non-methadone maintenance treatment (N-MMT) with a minimum duration of 1 year. A total of 359 heroin-addicted out-patients [274 males (76.3%)], all of whom met DSM-IV criteria, were enrolled in the study, over a period of 4 months. Out of these 359 patients, 32 subjects (8.9%) dropped out, whereas 327 subjects (91.1%; 249 males) continued the TP [105 (32.1%; 78 males) in the MMT group and 222 (67.9%; 171 males) in the N-MMT group]. A significant reduction in daily alcohol intake was observed in the MMT group, but not in the N-MMT group after the first 4 weeks of the TP. The results of the present study suggest a possible effect of short-term methadone administration in reducing alcohol consumption in a population of non-alcoholic heroin-addicted patients.