Ер участкаси давлат ва жамият эҳтиёжлари учун олиб қўйилганда мулкдор ҳуқуқларининг фуқарглик-ҳуқуқий кафолатлари

The purpose of this study is to analyze al-Aqkirmâni’s (d. 1760) conception of science within the framework of his book Ta’rifâtu’l-funun wa menâkibu’l-musannifin. al-Aqkirmâni, a prominent 18th-century Ottoman scholar and qadi , wrote a number of books covering fields such as logic, philosophy, theology, hadith, and language. His most famous work which represents his philosophical and scientific view is Iklilu’tTerâcim. It has been observed that al-Aqkirmâni verified and maintained the scientific mentality of “taksimu’l-ulum” in the classical Islamic intellectual tradition with his Ta’rifâtul-funun wa menâkibu’l-musannifin. The main source for al-Aqkirmâni’s book was Taskoprizâde’s Miftâhu’s-sa’âde wa misbâhu’s-siyâde fi mevzuati’l-ulum. al-Aqkirmâni provides information about a number of scientific books and their authors, as well as descriptions, concepts, and problems of various sciences. His method of systematic analysis begins with the linguistic sciences and continues with logic, hadith, tafsir, fiqh, and kalâm. He divides philosophy into theoretical and practical spheres (alhikma nazariyya and al-hikma amaliyya), followed by an examination of theoretical sciences, including metaphysics, physics, and mathematics, followed by practical sciences, including ethics, economics, and politics. The Ta’rifâtu’l-funun is a noteworth contribution to the the continuity of Ottoman intelectual and scientific tradition in the 18th century

The author discusses the legal basis, the cope of application, the content and the concurrence of procedural guarantees in the event of an expulsion of an alien under the European Convention. These guarantees stem from Article 1 of Protocol No. 7, Article 4 of Protocol No. 4, Articles 13 and 34 of the Convention as well as from the concepts of positive obligations and tests of legality and necessity, developed in the case law of the Strasbourg Court. Guarantees under Article 1 of Protocol No. 7 and Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 are the only ones that are applicable regardless of whether an expulsion results in the violation of an alien’s rights or the limitation of the freedoms arising from the Convention. Moreover, they do not apply to extradition proceedings, whereas the other guarantees do. However, in the context of the guarantees resulting from Article 13 of the Convention and the concepts of positive obligations as well as the tests of legality and necessity, a common standard of procedural requirements in an event of an expulsion of an alien seems to have emerged. It includes the alien’s right to information on the specifi c reasons for expulsion; available remedies and a possibility of obtaining legal assistance; the right to submit arguments against expulsion; the right to be represented; the right to have the case reviewed; the right to an independent and impartial authority competent to decide in the case. In the event where an expulsion puts an alien in danger of irreversible damage to his/her rights, the person concerned should have, in addition, access to a remedy with automatic suspensive eff ect. This standard is also quite common to guarantees stemming from Articles 1 of Protocol No. 7 and Article 4 of Protocol No. 4. However, since “competent authority” under Article 1 of Protocol No. 7 need not be the authority with whom the fi nal decision on expulsion rests and because it is possible to expel an alien before the exercise of his/her rights under this Article, the author is of the opinion that the latter should apply only to expulsions that do not threaten conventional rights.

This article begins with a reinterpretation of two basic concepts (Gemeinten Sinn and Verstehen) in Weber’s theory of social relations. It defines international immigration as a social labor relation, characterized by an asymmetry of power between the principal actors, namely, migrant workers and their employers. It refers to Ernesto Galarza’s book entitled Merchants of Labor: The Mexican Bracero Story . It proposes the use of a participant observation method in which the author poses as an undocumented/unauthorized Mexican immigrant, that is, as a subject in his own research. This research design corresponds to a qualitative approach not aimed at an empirical “test of hypotheses” but instead focused on a “deep understanding”—or what Max Weber understood by his methodological concept of Verstehen —of social phenomena. A reference to an encounter with a fellow inmate in a detention center led to an empirical foundation for the concept of vulnerability used in further explaining and measuring migrations.

The non-linear invariance principle of Mossel, O'Donnell and Oleszkiewicz establishes that if f(x1, ..., xn) is a multilinear low-degree polynomial with low influences then the distribution of f(B1, ..., Bn) is close (in various senses) to the distribution of f(G1, ..., Gn), where Bi ∈R {-1, 1} are independent Bernoulli random variables and Gi ~ N(0, 1) are independent standard Gaussians. The invariance principle has seen many application in theoretical computer science, including the Majority is Stablest conjecture, which shows that the Goemans--Williamson algorithm for MAXCUT is optimal under the Unique Games Conjecture. More generally, MOO's invariance principle works for any two vectors of hypercontractive random variables (X1, ..., Xn), (Y1, ..., Yn) such that (i) Matching moments: Xi and Yi have matching first and second moments, (ii) Independence: the variables X1, ..., Xn are independent, as are Y1, ..., Yn. The independence condition is crucial to the proof of the theorem, yet in some cases we would like to use distributions (X1, ..., Xn) in which the individual coordinates are not independent. A common example is the uniform distribution on the slice ([EQUATION]) which consists of all vectors (x1, ..., xn) ∈ {0, 1}n with Hamming weight k. The slice shows up in theoretical computer science (hardness amplification, direct sum testing), extremal combinatorics (Erdos--Ko--Rado theorems) and coding theory (in the guise of the Johnson association scheme). Our main result is an invariance principle in which (X1, ..., Xn) is the uniform distribution on a slice ([EQUATION]) and (Y1, ..., Yn) consists either of n independent Ber(p) random variables, or of n independent N(p, p(1 - p)) random variables. As applications, we prove a version of Majority is Stablest for functions on the slice, a version of Bourgain's tail theorem, a version of the Kindler--Safra structural theorem, and a stability version of the t-intersecting Erdos--Ko--Rado theorem, combining techniques of Wilson and Friedgut. Our proof relies on a combination of ideas from analysis and probability, algebra and combinatorics. In particular, we make essential use of recent work of the first author which describes an explicit Fourier basis for the slice.

The current perception that there is an important shortage of anesthesiologists in Portugal, led the Board of the Portuguese College of Anesthesiology to carry out a national survey on May 2014. All Head of Anesthetic Departments of the Public Hospitals included in the Portuguese National Health Service (NHS), whatever the type of management used were contacted. Fifty two Portuguese Public Hospitals were included (from inland including the three oncologic hospitals and the two military hospitals in Lisbon and Porto, to the Islands of Azores and Madeira with four publics hospitals). Data related to organizational, human resources and logistic were asked to report to the week between 12 and 18 May 2014, and the annual numbers related to operational results coming from 2013. A simplified version of the national survey was sent to the Clinical Director of the Portuguese Private Hospitals, with the aim to identify all anesthesiologists working in an exclusive basis in the private system.Hospitals analyzed which of them 82.8% on a non-emergent basis, and from these 43.5% in a day surgery basis. Moreover, authors realize that 110,668 procedures were performed outside the operating rooms, 279,205 were anesthetic clinics and 99,153 were chronic pain evaluations. In addition, 44,956 analgesia for delivery were performed, which might correspond to about 65% of all deliveries occurred in the Obstetric Department of Portuguese Hospitals, Public and Private in 2013. One thousand, one hundred and twenty one anesthesiologists working at the Anesthetic Departmentof the Portuguese Public Hospitals analyzed were identified. In addition, authors registered 71 anesthesiologists working in those hospitals but outside the Anesthetic Department (mainly in intensive care units or chronic pain units), and 62 new specialists in Anesthesiology were waiting to celebrate a contract with one of the Hospitals, making a total figure of 1,254 Anesthesiologists working in the Public Portuguese NHS, which correspond to a 12.0 per 100,000 inhabitants ratio. If we consider that 200 anesthesiologists are working in May 2014 in the private system, this means that the current ratio is 13.9 per 100,000 inhabitants. The Head of Anesthetic Department of the Public Hospitals included in the Portuguese NHS altogether appointed a value of 467 anesthesiologists that are presently needed in their hospitals to face the daily needs on anesthetic services care. Authors predict that by 2020, this value will be reduced in two thirds allowing an increase capacity in human resources in Anesthesiology and an important working force to face the future with some optimism.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of organizational learning and knowledge sharing in the development of intellectual capital at Islamic Azad University of Khorramabad in the form of factors related to organizational learning (individual skills, mental models, shared vision, team learning, systems thinking) and sharing of knowledge (culture, structure, information technology, confidence, attitude, social relationships, personal relationships, group relations) on the one hand and intellectual capital components entitled human capital, structural capital and relational capital on the other side. Sharing knowledge and organizational learning as the independent variables and intellectual capital is dependent variable. Data required by a standard questionnaire on organizational learning, sharing of knowledge and intellectual capital by referring to the 102 employees (faculty and staff) Islamic Azad University of Khorramabad collected and analyzed, in addition to describing the role of each of the components and indicators related to the development of intellectual capital was examined using factor analysis and LISREL software. As a result, it was determined that organizational learning and sharing of knowledge in Islamic Azad University of Khorramabad have an intermediate level and the role of organizational learning on the intellectual development is more than the role of knowledge sharing on intellectual development.

In order to understand the willingness of self-media video users to protect the copyright of original videos and the improvement direction of the self-media video ecosystem, 1,500 questionnaires were actually distributed to users on the entire network video platform as survey objects to obtain sample data, and the rights of authors were affected by machine learning. In-depth analysis of the factors of will, we mainly found that although the benefits obtained by plagiarists and the cost of video production can most stimulate the author's willingness to defend rights, this is not controllable. Therefore, we believe that reducing the cost of rights protection (the second most important) is the most feasible direction to increase the author's willingness to protect rights. In addition, it is also found that the support of the platform and the report of the audience will have a direct impact on all factors, and the feedback factor and cost factor will have a direct impact on the induction factor. Finally, we made corresponding suggestions.

Yirminci yüzyılın başlarında, modernist yazarlar gerçekliğin geleneksel temsili ifade biçiminden uzaklaşarak yeni deneysel anlatım teknikleri ile karakterlerin iç dünyalarına ve içsel düşünce akışlarına yönelmişlerdir. Modern İngiliz edebiyatında kullanılan anlatım teknikleri yazarlar tarafından hem benzer hem de farklı biçimlerde sunulmaktadır ve bu da her yazara özgün yazım teknik ve yöntemi kazandırmaktadır. Karşılaştırmalı yöntem kullanan bu çalışma modern romanın en önemli iki özgün yazarı olan Woolf ve Joyce’un romanlarını kullandıkları anlatım teknikleri türleri açısından inceleyerek bir sentez sunmaktadır. Woolf’un duyarlı, döngüsel ve sarmal kadın anlatımı ile Joyce’un sınırlı noktalama işaretleriyle, rasyonel, doğrusal ve sinematik anlatımı bu ayrıma birer örnektir. Ayrıca Woolf’un varolma anlatı tekniği Joyce’un tezahür (epifani) tekniği ile hem benzeşir hem de ayrışır. Her iki yazar da farklı üslup, stil ve yöntem aracılığıyla tıpkı bir nehir gibi akışkan olan zamanda ileri ve geri giderek tek bir güne sığan anlatıları ile karakterlerin ruhsal deneyimlerini, duygu ve bilinç akışlarını ortaya çıkartırlar. Bu bağlamda bu makale modern İngiliz edebiyatında bilinç akışı, iç monolog, serbest dolaylı söylem, tezahür (epifani), varolma anları gibi modern anlatım tekniklerini ustaca kullanan iki öncü yazar olan Virginia Woolf ve James Joyce’un yazı tekniklerindeki benzerlikler ve farklılıkları karşılaştırmayı amaçlar.

No presente ensaio trata-se da dimensão tempo-espaço na evolução da realidade humana e busca resposta para a seguinte questão: essa dimensão é uma categoria útil para a compreensão das organizações? Por quê? Argumenta-se que sim, porque ela amplia o poder explicativo dos objetos que compõem as organizações, as quais se configuram de maneira distinta conforme o tempo-espaço em que são concebidas e praticadas. O ensaio parte da premissa leibiniziana de que o tempo é uma ordem de sucessões e o espaço uma ordem de coexistências. Vale-se da reflexão dos autores sobre o tema, em um processo argumentativo, que procura justificar que o tempo-espaço e as formas de organização da sociedade assinalam o habitus social em diversas temporalidades e que a semiologia determinante da contagem do tempo permitiu estabelecer a seqüência evolucionária da organização e das técnicas no interior das civilizações. Na presente atualidade, o tempo-espaço é uma variável fundamental na dinâmica da economia global e nas relações sociais e culturais. Se, na física, o tempo e o espaço ganharam novas conceituações, numa ruptura com a teoria newtoniana, nas ciências sociais revela-se ser o tempo-espaço socialmente construído, logo, os eventos sociais representam a dimensão humana da espaciotemporalidade.

Independent films or more familiarly referred to indie films in general are films produced outside major label or company/production house (PH). Since it is not marketed through a commercial distributor line, indie film practitioners or indie filmmakers must be smart and intuitive in searching for opportunities to promote their work to a wide audience. Although there have been many indie films by Indonesian filmmakers who won numerous awards both nationally, regionally and internationally, but the funding problem often hindered their efforts to market their works, so only a handful of spectators who enjoyed the indie film. This problem was attracted the author to do research on the marketing communication strategy of national indie movies. In this article, the authors use qualitative research methods, precisely descriptive-qualitative research methods. Interview techniques, observation, library study and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) are used to collect all of research data. Data analysis using case study method. The author has conducted interviews and FGDs with two young producers who are also indie practitioners in Indonesia, namely Ifa Isfansyah (Fourcolours Films) and Ismail Basbeth (Hide Project Films). The research results show that indie filmmakers in Indonesia, especially in Yogyakarta, make film festivals (both national and international) as the main marketing medium for their works. In addition to using film festivals as a promotional event, indie filmmakers in Indonesia also use some media/other ways, through social media (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Path, and Youtube), websites that market alternative films (Layaria, ID Film Center, Kineria, VidSee, Buttonijo, nonton.com) and through press screening.

This article proposes a reflection on creation and reception of mass culture in music, from two contrasting essays. The first one, “About Popular Music” (1941), from Theodor Adorno (1903-1969), is a classic of Musicology. The second text, “The Production of Success: an antimusicology of Pop Song” (1983), authored by Antoine Hennion (1952 -), comes to pop music in terms of musical production. Both texts address aspects of musical creation, transmission and reception. The authors identified, each in his own manner, the interests of agencies, the strategies for promotion and the fundamental characteristics of the listener of popular music. The authors, in turn, have radically different ways to relate to this music, and that difference is reflected in the texts in question. This difference shows, in addition, a substantial transformation in musicological studies throughout the twentieth century. Keywords: Mass Culture; Adorno; Hennion.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine-encoding CAG expansion in the huntingtin gene.Iron accumulates in the brains of HD patients and mouse disease models.However, the cellular and subcellular sites of iron accumulation, as well as significance to disease progression are not well understood.We used independent approaches to investigate the location of brain iron accumulation.In R6/2 HD mouse brain, synchotron x-ray fluorescence analysis revealed iron accumulation as discrete puncta in the perinuclear cytoplasm of striatal neurons.Further, perfusion Turnbull's staining for ferrous iron (II) combined with transmission electron microscope ultra-structural analysis revealed increased staining in membrane bound perinuclear vesicles in R6/2 HD striatal neurons.Analysis of iron homeostatic proteins in R6/2 HD mice revealed decreased levels of the iron response proteins (IRPs 1 and 2) and accordingly decreased expression of iron uptake transferrin receptor (TfR) and increased levels of neuronal iron export protein ferroportin (FPN).Finally, we show that intra-ventricular delivery of the iron chelator deferoxamine results in an improvement of the motor phenotype in R6/2 HD mice.Our data supports accumulation of redox-active ferrous iron in the endocytic / lysosomal compartment in mouse HD neurons.Expression changes of IRPs, TfR and FPN are consistent with a compensatory response to an increased intra-neuronal labile iron pool leading to increased susceptibility to iron-associated oxidative stress.These findings, together with protection by deferoxamine, support a potentiating role of neuronal iron accumulation in HD.

We have investigated the effect of addition of some of the inorganic and organic acids, in the naturally bonding sands taken from the bank of river Ravi, Lahore, Pakistan, on quality of casting and on mechanism of their reinforcement in the moulding sand. The test bars are cast in the moulding sands after adding little quantity (2%) of the following acids:FI3PO4, Tartaric acid (C4H606), Oxalic acid (H2C2042H20) and HCI. It has been found that phosphoric acid H3PO4 is the only acid which increases the mechanical resistance of the moulding sand in which it has been added and fulfills the requirements of grecnsand moulds which can be used for metal casting. The anions produced by the dissociation of phosphoric acid change the ions of 'first diffused layer' of clay to the normal ions of MC, CC, Kt, Na+ and hydrogen. Retaining samples in the air for 20- 30 min. largely improves dry compression strength, dry shear strength and resistance to torsion of the samples (see text). Studies with Scanning Electron Microscope have revealed that phosphoric acid dissociates into hydrogen and H2PO4- which develops cementitious compounds on self hardening. On the temp of the sand mould the conjugate H2PO4- further dissociates and phosphorous having high affinity for 02, oxidizes into the free oxides (see SEM images). Oxalic acid has the great capacity to leach iron oxide present in the clay at pH value 2.5-3 and temp. above 90°C. Tartaric acid do not have any significant effect because its conjugates do not impart any mechanical resistance to the moulding sand. HCI dissociates and Cl librated enters in the Skelton of the clay and reduces its mechanical strength. However author recommends that work on these acids addition in moulding sand, particularly the leaching effect of oxalic acid on the oxides of iron, present in the clays and silica sands, may be carried out further.

This paper is motivated by the development of the interpretation of the Koran in Indonesia, in particular the study of works of Tafsir Al-Azhar Hamka, who received great attention from various researchers. In addition, the development of thought in the field of interpretation is one thing that is very important, because the Qur'an is the source of the research that was never completed. Core issues discussed in this thesis is twofold: How to influence social conditions in the interpretation of the Koran that do Hamka in his commentary ?, and how to influence the political aspects of the Qur'anic exegesis by Hamka? To find answers to these problems above, then do literature study (library research), with review of books relating to the issues discussed. From a review of this literature, acquired the desired data and then analyzed in depth by using descriptive analysis method, which is to analyze and describe the findings obtained. From the results of the various sources related to the issues of this thesis, it was found that the first Hamka in interpreting paragraph 59 letter al-Nisa 'influenced by the social situation that is happening. This can be seen in the content of the interpretation of these verses associated with the destruction of the Islamic society under Islamic rule of the Ottoman Empire. Whereas if it is linked to social conditions locally, it can be concluded that the interpretation of verse 59 of Surat al-Nisa 'is Hamka not affected by social situations that are local (Indonesian context). Both the interpretation of paragraph 58 letter al-Nisa ', Hamka was not influenced by the political situation is growing. This can be seen in the content of the interpretation of the verse, where Hamka understanding of the verse does not connect with the political situation in Indonesia and the global Islamic politics, when books authored on this interpretation. Furthermore, it can be explained that Hamka was a prominent flexible, so he tried to adapt to current conditions. In conclusion interpretation, Hamka said that all leaders must maintain trust and provide a mandate to the person who has the right, not to the family, according to the author, not the things that belong to the influence of the political situation that was developing, the interpretation in the interpretation of it.

It is necessary to manage various visual environments for myopia prevention and control. This paper systematically collected relevant domestic standards, including local standards and group standards. Based on the authors’ research experience, relevant educational appliance and equipment standards primarily focused on exercise books, textbooks, luminaires and exam papers. In addition, this paper analyzed the indicators and health requirements related to vision protection of electronic reading materials, extracurricular reading materials, newspaper, lighting and table lamp. 【摘要】 防控近视，需要治理各种视觉环境。该文全面梳理了国内相关标准，包括地方标准、团体标准，结合笔者的 研究经验，重点探讨了作业本、教科书、作业台灯、考试试卷等学习用品，以及电子读物、教辅与课外读物、报纸、采光与照明 等视觉环境卫生要求，探讨与视力保护有关的指标。